高效除磷硅藻土用于城市景观水体的治理

城市景观水体污染日益严重,防治水体富营养化,净化水质,恢复景观水体功能势在必行。以合肥市包河公园水体为处理对象,选择具有高效除磷功能的硅藻土作为净水材料,研究其用于城市景观水体治理的可行性。结果表明,硅藻土对景观水体中TP的去除率高达93%,对氨氮的去除率>61%,对藻类的去除率>99%,水体透明度从35 cm提高到100 cm以上,并对水体具有明显的脱色能力。硅藻土在水中无残留,保持了水的原生态性。结合工程实例,分析了硅藻土净水的原理及特点,验证了该方法在开放性水体污染治理中的可行性,为城市大容量景观内河水体的治理提供了一种新的思路。     

可持续建筑发展中的非金属矿材料选择与应用研究

随着我国对环保工作重视程度的提高,可持续建筑成为全球建筑行业的重要趋势。在这一背景下,非金属矿材料因其环境友好性和高性能而备受推崇,可以提高建筑的可持续性。基于此,文章研究了在可持续建筑中非金属矿材料的选择与应用,同时利用先进技术提升了材料的性能和应用效率,以期找到经济发展与环境保护之间的平衡点。     

Comparison of engineering costs of raw freshwater, reclaimed water and seawater for toilet flushing in Hong Kong

Hong Kong is one of the very few coastal cities in the world that use ‘dual water supply systems’. Dual water supply involves two distribution systems: a freshwater system for potable use and a seawater system for toilet flushing. This study looks into the feasibility, from an engineering cost point of view, of extending seawater supply into districts where potable water is still being used for toilet flushing, including South District of Hong Kong Island, Sai Kung, Northern New Territories and Northwest New Territories. Besides seawater, raw (untreated) freshwater and reclaimed water (treated effluent from local sewage treatment works) are also considered to be used for toilet flushing for these districts. Six cases are developed for comparison by using the lowest net present value of cost criterion. The result shows that using seawater for toilet flushing in these districts has the best engineering economy.     

北京清代官式琉璃构件胎体的工艺研究

利用波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、热膨胀分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等手段,对北京清代官式琉璃构件胎体的元素含量、物相组成、烧成温度、显微结构及物理性能进行了测试与观察,并结合北京门头沟地区煤矸石原料进行了讨论.结果表明:清代不同时期官式琉璃构件胎体元素组成略有不同,古代工匠依据不同煤矸石原料的物理化学性能差异,有目的选择不同地层、不同地点的煤矸石或用不同比例的煤矸石原料来配制胎体;在清代早期到清代晚期的琉璃构件中,虽然胎体的烧成温度基本相同,但其耐火度逐渐降低;相对于清代早期的琉璃构件胎体而言,清代晚期的琉璃构件胎体烧结程度高、性能好、结构致密.     

浅谈水热地暖系统的施工质量控制

根据水热地暖系统的特点,从原材料选择和施工管理两方面阐述了水热地暖系统的施工质量控制要点,指出只要从原材料和施工两方面进行严格控制,地暖系统的施工质量是能够保证的。     

混凝沉淀法去除富营养化景观水体中磷和藻类的试验研究

考察了采用硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3·18H2O)和三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)为混凝剂对富营养化景观水中磷和藻类的去除效果,并通过正交试验确定了最佳反应时间、混凝剂投加量和pH值.试验结果表明,两种混凝剂单独使用均可有效去除水中藻类和磷酸盐.Al2(SO4)3比FeCl3更适用于混凝沉淀去除富营养化景观水体中的藻类和磷.     

Nutrient budget for a hypertrophic reservoir

A nutrient budget for the shallow, hypertrophic Ardleigh Reservoir, a pumped storage scheme in eastern England, is described for the period 1979–1982. Algal succession in the reservoir was typical of eutrophic waters, with maximum chlorophyll-a of 98 mg m⁻³. Although the reservoir did not stratify thermally, the concentrations of SRP, Mn and Fe increased in bottom waters during summer. The weight ratio of inorganic N to inorganic P ranged from 720 to 5. On average, SRP represented 72% of the total P content of the reservoir.Some 44% of water input was of pumped river water, 48% being of direct catchment flow. The specific loading of SRP was 5.014 g m⁻² yr⁻¹.Ninety per cent of the annual SRP load was derived from pumped water and 60% of the SRP load was retained in the reservoir. Nitrate input was more diffuse, with approx. 33% from pumped water and 66% from catchment flow. A net release of P from the sediment of 23 mg P m⁻² day⁻¹ was recorded in summer, equivalent to 33% of annual mean external SRP loading. Strategies of P control are discussed in relation to loading models.     

Urbanization,town planning and the doctor

Sensory overload and increasing isolation of the individual from his neighbour are among the undesirable effects of urbanization. The town dweller has generally been found to be more unhealthy than the country dweller, due to such circumstances as overcrowding, poverty and living in high buildings. Society pays a high price for the car. Some areas where more intensive research would be desirable are pinpointed, such as the epidemiology of the psychopathology of urban living. A new discipline—psychiatry applied to town planning—is suggested. Until it could be established, psychiatrists and psychologists, who see the consequences of bad planning most closely, should be invited to serve on all planning committees.     

Policy and Legislation Relevant to the Conservation of Freshwater SSSIs Subject to Eutrophication

Although no legislation in England and Wales directly addresses the causes and effects of eutrophication of surface freshwaters, a wide range of laws may be applied to the reduction of nutrient inputs. Nature conservation laws are applicable, in that rivers, lakes, reservoirs and canals designated as 'sites of special scientific interest'(SSSIs) are theoretically safeguarded from degradation. However, the SSSI system is not designed to protect water quality at the catchment level. Since intensive agricultural practices are responsible for significant nutrient losses, legislation aimed at extensification is also relevant. Increasingly, laws related to extensification of agriculture include environmental imperatives - a trend which will inevitably extend to nutrient conservation. Basically, enrichment is a water-quality issue, but policy and legislation in this area are not yet sufficiently developed to address the problem comprehensively. Existing regulatory systems for water quality carry the potential to work comparatively well for point sources, but appear ineffective in dealing with diffuse losses.     

市政道路工程路面水稳层施工技术探索

由于市政道路工程行车率高, 通行压力大, 因此对路面承载力要求极高。而水稳层路面的抗疲劳强度、抗拉强度、水稳层性较好, 且具有一定的刚度和板体性, 能够一定程度上提高基层的受力性、稳定性和承载能力, 进而保证路面的质量。基于此,通过介绍了路面水稳层原材料控制、配合比设计、施工过程管控、施工后养护管理, 探讨了市政工程路面水稳层施工以及质量控制, 期望为市政道路工程路面水稳层施工管理提供一些参考建议。     

可持续的水与污水处理前沿技术

传统水与污水处理方式由于未充分考虑资源、能源回收与利用而日显弊端。在可持续发展的大背景下,视污水及水处理过程中产生的废物为资源与能源载体的可持续水与污水处理技术之理念在全球范围内普遍受到追捧。基于2008年6月在瑞士苏黎世召开的第五届国际水协（IWA）“前沿技术”（LET2008）国际会议专家观点、技术与结论,介绍水与污水中新出现的微污染物及其相应去除技术,综述在可持续理念下的水回用、能源转化及磷回收等技术的最新研发进展。     

原材料质量对萘系高效减水剂性能的影响

近几年,我国相继研制开发了一系列高效减水剂,目前萘系高效减水剂仍是产量最大,应用最广泛的一种高效减水剂。影响萘系高效减水剂性能的因素很多,本文主要探讨了原材料质量对其性能的影响。经过大量试验总结了其主要原料工业萘、硫酸和甲醛的质量对萘系高效减水剂性能的影响规律,以指导生产。     

Conservation rates: the best 'new' source of urban water during drought

In the United States, water conservation-oriented rates (WCOR) are an increasingly vital tool for promoting water conservation and mitigating urban drought. Our models prove that one type of WCOR, drought demand rates (DDR), can produce with minimal regulation the quadruple objectives of conservation rates: (1) improving efficiency; (2) providing revenue neutrality; (3) assuring distributional equity and (4) guaranteeing the conservation of water. We demonstrate that such rates can also reduce days that urban streams drop below 'critical flow' levels, providing a voice for nature. Our study is situated in northern New Castle County (NCC), Delaware (DE), USA, and the lessons garnered have relevance for industrialized communities seeking a 'soft-path' to drought mitigation.