Study on concentrating sulfuric acid solution by vacuum membrane distillation

Ｔｈｅｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｅｘｉｓｔｓｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｎｇｄｉｌｕｔｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｃａｃｉｄｉｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．Ｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｎｇｂｙｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎｉｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙａｄｏｐｔｅｄ．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｎｇｏｆｄｉｌｕｔｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｃａｃｉｄｉｓｓｔｉｌｌａｈｅａｄａｃｈｅ,ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｓｇｒｅａｔｅｎｅｒｇｙａｎｄｉｔｉｓｎｏｔｅａｓｙｔｏｆｉｎｄａｎａｎｔｉ…     

Study on the removal of MIBK from aqueous solution by vacuum membrane distillation

Ｖａｃｕｕｍｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｄｉｓｔｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎ(ＶＭＤ)ｉｓａｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｌｕｔｅａｑｕｅｏｕｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇａｓｅｓｆｒｏｍａｑｕｅｏｕｓｓｏｌｕ ｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｒｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ(ＶＯＣ)ｆｒｏｍｄｉｌｕｔｅａｑｕｅｏｕｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ .Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ ,ｔｈｅｒｅｍｏ ｖａｌｏｆＶＯＣｆｒｏｍｄ…     

聚偏氟乙烯疏水平板膜用于真空膜蒸馏的研究

采用自制聚偏氟乙烯疏水平板膜,通过改变进水温度、进水流量、冷侧真空度及进料浓度等影响因素,对真空膜蒸馏的性能进行实验研究。结果表明,随进水温度（40-65℃）、进水流量（1.8-17.5 L/h）、冷侧真空度（0.038-0.093 MPa）的增加,膜通量呈增大趋势,最大可达39.22kg/（m^2·h）;随进料NaCl溶液浓度（1-40 g/L）的增加,膜通量减小,截留率增加。在40 g/L时,膜通量仅为9.59 kg/（m^2·h）,截留率达到98.6%。     

ACID RECOVERY FROM WASTE SULFURIC ACID BY DIFFUSION DIALYSIS

Ｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｃａｃｉｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｐｙｒｉｔｅ，ｔｈｅｆｕｍｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｐｙｒｉｔｅｒｏａｓｔｉｎｇｉｓｗａｓｈｅｄｗｉｔｈｄｉｌｕｔｅａｃｉｄ，ａｎｄａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆｗａｓｔｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｃａｃｉｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆ８％～１０％ｉｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ［１］．Ｔｈｉｓｗａｓｔｅｓｕｌｆｕｒｉｃａｃｉｄｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｕｓｅｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｈｉｇｈｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｙ…     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维微孔膜膜蒸馏过程的研究

本文用疏水性聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜，进行了膜蒸馏过程的研究．结果表明，膜通量与膜两侧水蒸汽压差成正比．在一定流速范围内，膜通量随热侧、冷侧流体量增大而增大，随溶液浓度增大而减小．     

亲/疏水Janus PVDF复合膜制备及其膜蒸馏性能

为改善聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的膜蒸馏渗透通量,以PVDF为成膜聚合物,在亲水无纺布表面涂覆PVDF铸膜液,通过溶液相转化(NIPS)法制得亲/疏水Janus PVDF复合膜;考察PVDF铸膜液中添加剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)含量对复合膜结构与性能的影响;将所得亲/疏水复合膜用于直接接触式膜蒸馏(DCMD)过程,分析...     

膜蒸馏用聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜制膜条件研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为膜体材料，以无机盐LiCl为添加剂，通过相转换法制备蒸馏膜，讨论确定了最优制膜条件为：使用高相对分子质量PVDF，采用DMF溶剂，PVDF浓度为10％，预挥发时间为0．5～1min，LiCl质量分数为3％～5％。     

气隙式膜蒸馏过程的实验研究

通过在超声激励气隙式膜蒸馏系统上进行实验,研究了膜蒸馏通量的影响因素,结果表明:超声激励会使膜通量显著增大,最大膜通量达到110kg/(m2·h);提高料液流量可增大膜通量;减小间隙、增大温差,膜通量增加;随着盐溶液浓度增大,膜通量减小.     

Concentration boundary layer model of mortar corrosion by sulfuric acid

A long time immersion experiment of mortar specimens is carried out to investigate their degradation mechanism by sulfuric acid.Water-cement ratios of mortar are ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 and the pH value of sulfuric acid is 3.5 and 4.0 respectively.The pH meter is used to monitor the soak solution and the titration sulfuric acid with given concentration is added to maintain original pH value,through which the acid consumption of mortar is recorded.A theoretical reaction rate model is also proposed based on concentration boundary layer model.The results show that theoretical model fits the experimental results well and the corrosion mechanism can be modeled by a diffusion process accompanied with an irreversible chemical reaction when pH value of soak solution is no less than 3.5.     

次氯酸钠溶液对反渗透复合膜的改性

用次氯酸钠(NaClO)溶液对一系列商品反渗透复合膜进行改性,考察该改性方法对4种商品反渗透膜的通量、截盐及脱硼性能的影响,同时考察了膜性能与进水pH值的关系.结果表明:通过控制NaClO改性条件可提升反渗透复合膜的脱硼和截盐性能;改性后的膜在进水pH=11的条件下,脱硼率达到最大,透过液中硼质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L,符合WHO饮用水硼浓度标准.     

膜蒸馏技术的回顾与展望

论述了膜蒸馏技术的发展现状与应用前景，阐述了膜蒸馏技术的原理、特点及膜蒸馏过程机理。     

Benevolent behavior ofKleinia grandifloraleaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulfuric acid solution

The ethanolic extract of Kleinia grandiflora leaves was characterized and tested for its potential anticorrosion properties on mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 medium using mass-loss analysis, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel was studied in the range of 308 to 328 K. The inhibition efficiency was observed to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. Polarization curves revealed that the Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract is a mixed inhibitor. Impedance diagrams revealed that an increase of Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract concentration increased the charge transfer resistance and decreased the double-layer capacitance. The adsorption process obeys Langmuir＇s model, with a standard free energy of adsorption（ΔGads） of-18.62 k J/mol. The obtained results indicate that the Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract can serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in a sulfuric acid medium.     

减压膜蒸馏过程与热泵耦合技术研究

采用压缩式热泵回收减压膜蒸馏(VMD)过程的相变热,用于加热减压膜蒸馏系统原料液,并研究VMD过程与热泵耦合技术,以获得二者耦合工作的最佳工艺条件.结果表明:在组件进膜温度为70℃、膜组件面积为0.1 m2、膜蒸馏系统的进料流量为2.0 L/min、原料液加热循环流量为2.3 L/min、蒸汽冷凝循环流量为1.6 L/min、真空度为0.09 MPa条件下,热泵COP为3.08,膜通量为17.8 kg/(m2.h),产水电导率小于10μS/cm.这说明热泵较好地回收减压膜蒸馏过程中的蒸汽潜热,达到了能量循环使用的目的.     

气提升式减压膜蒸馏的初步研究

提出一种新型的膜蒸馏过程-气提升式减压膜蒸馏(ALVMD).采用疏水性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜,以自来水作为原料液,考察了鼓气量、中空纤维膜组件的长度、装填密度、料液温度及冷侧真空度对ALVMD过程性能的影响.结果表明:装填密度增加,产水量增加,膜通量减小;组件长度增加,膜通量减小,产水量变化不明显;在低鼓气量下(<3 L/min)膜通量及产水量随气量变化明显,鼓气量为3 L/min时膜通量可以达到27 L/(m2.h);随着冷侧真空度和料液温度的增加,膜通量也随之增加.     

Kinetics of nickel leaching from roasting-dissolving residue of spent catalyst with sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid leaching process was applied to extract nickel from roasting-dissolving residue of a spent catalyst, the effect of different parameters on nickel extraction was investigated by leaching experiments, and the leaching kinetics of nickel was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the effects of particle size and sulfuric acid concentration on the nickel extraction are remarkable; the effect of reaction temperature is mild; while the effect of stirring speed in the range of 400–1 200 r/min is negligible. Decreasing particle size or increasing sulfuric acid concentration and reaction temperature, the nickel extraction efficiency is improved. 93.5% of nickel in residue is extracted under suitable leaching conditions, including particle size (0.074–0.100) mm, sulfuric acid concentration 30% (mass fraction), temperature 80 °C, reaction time 180 min, mass ratio of liquid to solid 10 and stirring speed 800 r/min. The leaching kinetics analyses shows that the reaction rate of leaching process is controlled by diffusion through the product layer, and the calculated activation energy of 15.8 kJ/mol is characteristic for a diffusion controlled process. Foundation item: Project (50574101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2003UDBEA00C020) supported by the Collaborative Project of School and Province of Yunnan Province, China     

碳酸根离子对离子色谱法测定废气中硫酸雾的干扰及其消除

本论文研究了离子色谱法测定硫酸雾含量时,不同浓度的淋洗液KO H对消除碳酸根离子干扰测量结果的影响。结果表明：在流量1．0ml／min ,柱温30℃,进样体积25μl条件下,选择14mmol／LKOH作为淋洗液,抑制电流为48mA ,可以明显改善碳酸根对硫酸根的干扰。两个质量浓度水平标准溶液加标回收率为98．4％～100．1％,样品平行测定的精密度为0．59％,采样体积为400L时,方法检出限为0．08mg／m3。     

硫铁矿制酸工业固体废物砷的浸出特性

为了对硫酸制备过程中产生的焙烧炉渣和污泥等固体废物进行类别鉴定,用硫酸硝酸-浸出毒性试验方法对某4个公司样品中的砷元素做了浸出特性研究.结果表明：以硫精砂为原料或部分含硫精砂为原料制酸工艺所造成的砷污染远大于以硫铁矿为原料的制酸工艺;污泥浸出液中,炉渣残渣粒径小于0.075 mm时砷含量最高可达36 mg/L;粒径在0.075～0.2 mm时砷含量最高达30 mg/L;粒径越小,砷浸出量相对越多.污泥浸出液中砷含量均远高于砷的浸出毒性限值浓度（5 mg/L）和污水综合排放标准中砷的限值浓度（0.5 mg/L）,表明厂家未能严格执行“第一类污染物必须车间处理达标后外排措施”的要求,建议监管部门加强第一类污染物监控力度,切实落实相关法律法规.     

PTFE双向拉伸微孔膜蒸馏脱盐实验研究

为了高效生产淡水,同时开发新型膜材料的应用前景,采用PTFE双向拉伸微孔膜搭建真空蒸馏系统,并对NaCl溶液的脱盐性能进行了研究。设计正交实验,过程中保持膜下游恒定的绝对压力9 kPa, 考察了盐浓度0～80 g/L的溶液在进料温度20～60 ℃、进料流量40～160 L/h条件下,该种膜的真空膜蒸馏脱盐性能。实验结果表明,温度变化对膜通量影响最为显著且脱盐率略有变化,随浓度升高膜通量逐渐下降但脱盐率上升,流量增加能一定程度上提高膜通量但对脱盐率没有影响,其中40 g/L的盐溶液在进料流量120 L/h条件下,当进料温度为60 ℃时,膜通量达到18.4 kg/（m²·h）。在各种不同操作条件下产水电导率均小于5 μs/cm,计算脱盐率均超过99.9%,脱盐效果稳定。对真空膜蒸馏脱盐传质过程进行了分析,通过实验结果拟合了该膜的传质系数,发现其随温度线性增加,得出温度是影响膜传质系数的决定性因素,也说明了温度对膜通量的决定性影响。进行极差分析,得到温度是该过程的主要影响因素。进行重复试验证明该膜在实验过程中保持运行稳定,对于浓度低于80 g/L的盐溶液能有效避免膜污染问题。     

基膜表面处理对反渗透复合膜性能的影响

采用表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和弱极性试剂异丙醇(IPA)作为聚砜基膜表面改性试剂,观察其对中空纤维反渗透复合膜性能的影响.结果表明:选择不同处理剂在一定浓度和时间下处理基膜,所制备复合膜的膜通量提高明显,截留率基本不变;若处理时间过长或者处理剂浓度过大,则膜通量下降.