卡托普利混合骨架片释放度的研究

探讨了不同缓释材料用量对水溶性药物混合骨架片释放度的影响。方法：以体外释放度为指标，对比研究骨架材料单独使用和联合使用时其用量对亲水凝胶骨架片、蜡质骨架片、混合骨架片释放度的影响。结果：亲水凝胶缓释材料与蜡质缓释材料的用量对三种骨架片的影响不同。结论：HPMC K4M和Compritol 888用量对混合骨架片的影响都比对原先相应的单一骨架片要大。而Compritol 888对混合骨架片的影响大于HPMC K4M。     

明胶/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的制备及其在药物控释中的应用

以马来酸酐改性后的明胶(N-马来酰化明胶)(明胶-g-MA)为交联剂与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚制备了一系列水凝胶。研究了交联剂用量对水凝胶溶胀性的影响,结果表明交联剂用量为45%(质量分数)时水凝胶具有最高的溶胀率,水凝胶的平衡溶胀率随温度升高逐渐降低,温敏性随缓冲液中NaCl浓度增加逐渐增强。包埋在水凝胶样品内的牛血清蛋白(BSA)具有良好的缓释效果,其累积释放率随交联剂用量增加而降低,高于相变温度时释放速度加快。     

壳聚糖可注射水凝胶制备及药物缓释行为

通过溶胶-凝胶法制得壳聚糖(CS)/β-甘油磷酸钠(GP)可注射水凝胶,研究了不同成胶温度对凝胶机械性能、微观形貌、溶胀性能以及药物缓释性能的影响。结果表明,较高的成胶温度使凝胶内氢键作用增强、有效交联密度增大,导致凝胶的机械性能增强,使凝胶的三维网络更加致密,并延缓了药物的释放时间。当成胶温度为60℃时,CS/GP可注射水凝胶抗拉强度为3.13MPa,平衡溶胀率为6.27g/g;制得的CS/GP/阿司匹林(ASA)载药水凝胶的药物释放速率常数为5.09×10-3/min,具有较好的应用前景。     

聚醚侧链型聚硅氧烷对含氟聚合物凝胶锂离子电解质膜性能的影响

通过浸没沉淀相转化法制备了具有类似孔结构的聚醚侧链型聚硅氧烷(PDMS-g-(PPO-PEO))改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)多孔骨架,经电解液活化后得到凝胶电解质膜,研究了PDMS-g-(PPO-PEO)对含氟聚合物凝胶电解质膜性能的影响。由改性PVDF和PVDF-HFP骨架被电解液活化制备的聚合物凝胶电解质膜,离子电导率分别达到2.2×10-3和1.7×10-3S/cm,综合分析凝胶电解质膜中电解液稳定性和膜的电化学性能发现,PDMS-g-(PPO-PEO)对PVDF骨架的改性效果明显优于PVDF-HFP骨架,共混改性后PVDF可代替PVDF-HFP作为隔膜作为锂离子电池凝胶电解质膜。     

pH敏感型黄原胶/聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备与表征

通过化学交联结合物理交联的方法制备了一种pH敏感型的黄原胶/聚乙烯醇(XG/PVA)复合水凝胶,研究了XG与PVA不同质量比、不同交联剂用量及不同冷冻-解冻循环次数对XG/PVA水凝胶溶胀性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,XG与PVA质量比为1∶5,交联剂环氧氯丙烷用量为5%,冷冻-解冻循环3次时,XG/PVA复合水凝胶内部结构均匀紧密且具有较高的溶胀性能,此时凝胶的弹性模量和压缩强度达到(26.30±0.03)kPa和(134.36±0.43)kPa。并探讨了该实验条件制备的XG/PVA水凝胶的pH敏感性及pH刺激响应性,并以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型进行了体外药物释放性能测试及材料生物相容性实验的研究。结果表明,该凝胶具有良好的pH敏感性及pH刺激响应特性,不同pH环境下可实现体外BSA的控制释放,且具有良好的生物相容性,有望用于药物控释载体。     

聚乙烯醇水凝胶功能化改性研究进展

PVA水凝胶化学性质稳定、无毒、生物相容性好、耐生物老化、吸水量高及易于加工,广泛应用于固定化载体、药物释放、组织工程等领域。综述了当前国内外聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备方法最新研究进展,详细介绍了国内外关于聚乙烯醇水凝胶的力学性能、溶胀性能、细胞亲和性、智能化等改性方法的研究进展。最后展望了未来聚乙烯醇水凝胶功能化改性的研究方向和前景。     

光交联羧甲基壳聚糖水凝胶的制备及药物缓释性能研究EI北大核心CSCD

羧甲基壳聚糖是一种壳聚糖衍生物,具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,在生物医药领域具有广泛的应用。本研究合成一种可光交联的水溶性羧甲基壳聚糖衍生物。通过对羧甲基壳聚糖进行双键修饰,合成甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性的羧甲基壳聚糖(M-CMCS),并通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对M-CMCS的结构进行表征。通过光引发M-CMCS交联制备具有不同交联度的M-CMCS水凝胶。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、流变仪和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)分别对M-CMCS水凝胶的微观形态、黏弹性能、溶胀性能、酶促降解性能和体外药物释放性能进行了研究。结果表明:随着甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯与羧甲基壳聚糖的氨基摩尔比的增加,产物的接枝度逐渐增加。M-CMCS水凝胶具有高度孔隙化且孔隙之间相互连通的结构特点,孔径在1~20μm范围内。随着交联度的增大,M-CMCS水凝胶的溶胀比减小。M-CMCS水凝胶在溶菌酶作用下缓慢降解,随着交联度的增大,降解速率减慢。M-CMCS水凝胶对抗癌药物吉西他滨具有缓释作用,药物释放时间可达4天。光交联M-CMCS水凝胶在药物释放及组织工程领域具有重要的应用前景。     

TiO_2/SiO_2复合中空微球的选择性改性与药物缓释性能研究

以聚合物微球为模板,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/SiO2复合中空微球,并分别采用硬脂酸和无机磷酸对内层二氧化钛进行了疏水和亲水改性.扫描电镜(SEM)和氮气吸附-脱附结果表明中空微球具有完整的球形空腔和多孔的壳层孔道结构.傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)证实了内部疏水及亲水改性层的存在.以布洛芬药物为对象,采用热重分析(TGA)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)考察了不同改性对复合中空微球的载药量及缓释性能的影响.研究结果表明,由于存在疏水作用,硬脂酸改性的中空微球载药量(189.8mg/g)高于未改性中空微球(177.5mg/g),且药物释放速率明显减慢,53h内药物释放率仅为55%;与此相反,无机磷酸亲水改性的中空微球载药量减小(为153.0mg/g),且释放速率提高,10h内释放了将近80%的药物.因此,采用不同的改性基团可以对复合中空微球的药物释放速率进行有效地调控.     

果胶@壳聚糖复合凝胶微球的制备及释药性能EI

文中以天然多糖果胶和壳聚糖为原料,采用乳化交联的方法制备了果胶酸锌微球,再通过自组装壳聚糖层并用柠檬酸钠固化,得到了核壳结构的凝胶微球,将药物奥沙拉嗪封装在凝胶微球中,考察了其药物缓释性能。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱分析和荧光显微镜对微球形貌和核壳结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法对凝胶微球的制备进行了优化,并对微球的药物负载性能及在模拟结肠环境中的释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,果胶@壳聚糖载药微球的最高载药量和包封率分别为29.4%和37.3%,果胶@壳聚糖复合载药微球在pH=7.4的模拟结肠液中,前12 h内的释放量仅为35.29%,72 h后奥沙拉嗪的释放量达到了89.90%,而纯果胶载药微球前12 h的释放量就已经高达78.65%,体现了壳聚糖包封层在药物缓释中的重要性。锌离子在果胶@壳聚糖复合微球和果胶微球中的释放趋势与奥沙拉嗪一致,相比于果胶微球,果胶@壳聚糖复合微球具备良好的缓释性能,可用于治疗结肠炎症疾病。     

果胶@壳聚糖复合凝胶微球的制备及释药性能EI北大核心CSCD

文中以天然多糖果胶和壳聚糖为原料,采用乳化交联的方法制备了果胶酸锌微球,再通过自组装壳聚糖层并用柠檬酸钠固化,得到了核壳结构的凝胶微球,将药物奥沙拉嗪封装在凝胶微球中,考察了其药物缓释性能。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱分析和荧光显微镜对微球形貌和核壳结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法对凝胶微球的制备进行了优化,并对微球的药物负载性能及在模拟结肠环境中的释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,果胶@壳聚糖载药微球的最高载药量和包封率分别为29.4%和37.3%,果胶@壳聚糖复合载药微球在pH=7.4的模拟结肠液中,前12 h内的释放量仅为35.29%,72 h后奥沙拉嗪的释放量达到了89.90%,而纯果胶载药微球前12 h的释放量就已经高达78.65%,体现了壳聚糖包封层在药物缓释中的重要性。锌离子在果胶@壳聚糖复合微球和果胶微球中的释放趋势与奥沙拉嗪一致,相比于果胶微球,果胶@壳聚糖复合微球具备良好的缓释性能,可用于治疗结肠炎症疾病。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from