耐磨性抗裂性兼备的堆焊焊条研制

对于堆焊焊条而言,随着硬度的提高,必须加入较多的合金元素,以便形成马氏体、台金碳化物等高硬度组织,这时硬度虽然得到了提高,但马氏体等组织又使抗裂性明显下降。为了解决这一矛盾,本研究通过改变合金含量,使堆焊金属中除含有足够数量的马氏体和合金碳化物等组织外,还含有一定数量的残余奥氏体,从而得到了抗裂性和耐磨性兼备的堆焊焊条。     

模具修复梯度耐磨堆焊层组织性能研究

提出了采用“母材 过渡层 耐磨层”的复合堆焊修复方法。工艺试验表明,通过打底焊过渡层的方法可以有效防止堆焊出现的裂纹。金相显微分析表明,采用Cr-Mo-W-Nb系耐磨堆焊焊条的堆焊合金组织为马氏体基体 残余奥氏体 碳化物,基体上分布的碳化物使堆焊层具有强的耐磨性。性能测试结果表明,堆焊表面平均硬度达到HRC60.1,完全满足模具材料硬度要求,硬度梯度分布合适,堆焊层耐磨性为母材的7.58倍。     

K360耐磨钢堆焊合金层的组织与性能

利用药芯焊丝对已磨损的K360耐磨钢进行CO2气体保护堆焊修复,并对堆焊层进行了显微组织、X射线衍射、硬度、冲击韧度及抗磨料磨损性能试验.结果表明:堆焊层的组织为细小板条马氏体 少量弥散分布碳化物,硬度不高,产生冷裂纹倾向小,韧性与塑性较高;同时堆焊层组织细小,弥散分布的碳化物对焊层基体有强化作用,使堆焊层的耐磨性达到了基体的水平.     

高碳型 Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金显微组织研究

对四种高碳型Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊层显微组织中初生碳化物和共晶碳化物的形态进行了研究，分析了碳对显微组织的影响。结果表明：随含碳量的增加或铬碳比的降低，初生碳化物数量越来越多，且共晶碳化物体积增加，生长密度减少。柱状初生碳化物的横截面与纵截面硬度不同．横截面平均硬度为1616．0HV，纵截面的为1186．1HV。碳对耐磨堆焊层的组织起着重要作用。     

热轧辊耐磨堆焊焊条的研制

研制了一种用于热轧辊堆焊的耐磨堆焊焊条，通过反复调整焊条药皮组成，找到了适合热轧辊的合金系。通过堆焊层的金相显微分析及Ｘ－射线物相分析表明：新研制的热轧辊耐磨堆焊组织为马氏体加残余奥氏体加碳化物。堆焊层的硬度在ＨＲ５８～６０之间。高应力磨料磨损实验和工业试验证明，热轧辊堆焊合金的耐磨性优良，是４５钢的６．１倍。在５８０℃经１０００时效处理后，堆焊层硬度仍保持在ＨＲＣ５８～５９。     

新型耐磨焊条在破碎机上的应用

研制了一种适用于高冲击条件下抗磨堆焊焊条,通过反复调整焊条皮组成,找到了可应用于锤式破碎机头堆的合金系。通过堆焊层的金相显微分析及X－射线物相分析表明：堆焊层组织为马氏体国碳化物和残余奥氏体,堆焊层的为HRC62－64;高应力磨料磨损和工业试验证明：锤头堆焊合金的耐磨性优良,是45钢的8．1倍,比未堆焊的锤头寿命提高了8倍。     

含钒高铬铸铁自保护金属芯堆焊焊丝的研制

研制了一种自保护金属芯堆焊药芯焊丝。堆焊过程飞溅小，焊缝成型美观。堆焊层组织为马氏体＋残余奥氏体＋碳化物硬质相。堆焊层硬度为HRC60，相对耐磨性为Q235钢的21倍。焊丝的熔滴过渡方式为典型的短路过渡。研究焊丝粉芯成分对焊丝的性能发现，石墨可以有效的降低飞溅，当粉芯中的石墨含量为3％时，堆焊过程中的飞溅率最低，此外增加粉芯中钒的含量，堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性上升。     

激光熔覆Fe-Ti-V-C合金微观组织与磨损性能

采用激光熔覆技术在20G基体上制备五组不同Ti质量分数的Fe-Ti-V-C系合金,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和磨料磨损试验机等仪器对各熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性进行测试和分析。试验结果表明:五组合金熔覆层基体组织均由铁素体和马氏体构成;随着熔覆层中Ti质量分数的增加,针状马氏体基体组织转变为板条马氏体;初生(Ti,V)C的形态由树枝状和花瓣状向颗粒状转变,同时碳化物(Ti,V)C的数量逐渐增多,当Ti质量分数为14.7%时,碳化物的数量达到最高值。熔覆层截面显微硬度梯度分布合理,表层硬度达到700~950 HV0.2。湿砂磨粒磨损试验表明:适量Ti显著提高了熔覆层的耐磨性,熔覆层中随着Ti质量分数的提高,耐磨性先降低后提高,当Ti质量分数为14.7%时,大量颗粒状(Ti,V)C均匀弥散分布在铁素体及板条马氏体基体上,使得熔覆层具有最佳的耐磨性。     

显微组织对高铬堆焊层耐磨性的影响

借助于电子显微镜，对不同成份的高铬耐磨堆焊金属的显微组织进行了对比分析。结果表明，堆焊层中高硬度的碳化物Ｃｒ７Ｃ３在α－Ｆｅ基体上呈粒状且均匀分布时，其耐磨性优于碳化物Ｃｒ７Ｃ３在γ－Ｆｅ基体上呈粗大板条状且分布不均匀的情况。     

高抗裂耐磨堆焊焊条的研制

为开发高抗裂高耐磨的堆焊焊条,采用H08A焊芯,通过调整药皮中的组分,设计了4种碱性焊条,然后分别在Q235钢基体上进行堆焊,采用光谱仪、硬度计、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等对堆焊层的化学成分、硬度和显微组织进行了分析,并研究了堆焊层的耐磨性和抗裂性。结果表明:优化成分焊条的堆焊层组织为混合型马氏体+少量残余奥氏体+弥散分布的一次NbC-TiC颗粒,低碳马氏体和高碳马氏体数量相当,硬度为58.1 HRC;堆焊层具有高的抗裂性能,连续堆焊不产生宏观裂纹;堆焊层的耐磨性也较好,约为淬火态45钢的1.41倍。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.