Bulk single crystal growth of SiGe by PMCZ method

A new type of magnetic device was used to replace the conventional electro-magnetic field for CZSi (doped with Ge) growth. The device was composed of three permanent magnetic rings and called PMCZ device. The lines of magnetic force are horizontally distributed at radial 360? Using the ring permanent magnetic field, thermal convection in melt and centrifugal pumping flows due to crystal rotation could be strongly suppressed so that the fluctuations of temperature and micro-growth rate at solid/liquid interface could be restrained effectively. In the PMCZ condition, the growing environment of SiGe bulk single crystal was similar to the crystal growth in space under the condition of micro-gravity. The motion of impurities (Ge, oxygen, etc.) had been controlled by diffusion near the solid/liquid interface. Oxygen concentration became lower and the distribution of composition became more homogeneous along longitudinal direction and across a radial section in the grown SiGe crystal. The mechanism of PMCZ sup     

掺钕钨酸钆钾激光晶体生长及性能研究

采用顶部籽晶提拉法(TSSG)生长出Nd3+:KGd(WO4)2晶体,测得Nd3+实际掺杂浓度3.2at%。测得样品的吸收光谱及荧光光谱,计算得出808nm处吸收截面为0.6799×10-20cm2;荧光输出波长为1068nm和1351nm,测得荧光寿命为112μs。对不同尺寸的两样品进行了激光实验,当LD泵浦源输出功率为900mW时,分别获得326mW,305mW的1064nm激光输出,斜效率分别为62.7%和57.8%。水平和垂直两个方向上光束传输因子M2均小于1.2。经倍频获得532nm的绿光。用Cr:LuAG作为可饱和吸收体进行调Q实验,重复频率为15kHz时,脉冲宽为170ns。     

AISI 304 stainless steel marking by a Q-switched diode pumped Nd:YAG laser

Laser marking tests were carried out on AISI 304 steel, using a Q-switched diode pumped Nd:YAG laser. The aim was to determine the correlation occurring between working parameters (i.e. pulse frequency, beam scanning speed, and current intensity) and resulting mark visibility. The latter was evaluated as the contrast index measured from digital images of the marks. To characterize mark features, its width and roughness were estimated, and analyses employing optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray technique were carried out.     

CaAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Nd^3＋纳米粉体的合成与表征

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了CaAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Nd^3＋纳米粉体发光材料。样品的XRD和SEM分析结果表明：800℃已形成CaAl2O4晶相；样品颗粒尺寸随灼烧温度升高而增加，平均粒径约为20nm～40nm。光谱分析表明：样品的激发光谱为240nm～400nm的宽带谱，在256．6nm和330．6nm处有激发峰。发光光谱是386nm～500nm的宽带谱，峰值位于440nm，与CaAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Nd^3＋粗晶材料相比，光谱发生了“蓝移”现象。样品的热释光峰值位于206℃，与粗晶材料相比，峰值向高温移动了96℃，热释发光峰曲线形状也变宽。样品的发光衰减是由初始的快衰减和随后的慢衰减构成，余辉时间为5h。     

CO2气体保护的激光焊接12mm厚低碳钢板

采用CO2 作为保护气体消除大熔深激光焊接低碳钢时易发生的气孔问题 ,并对比研究了CO2 和Ar气保护条件下 12mm厚低碳钢板激光焊缝的组织和韧性。焊接试验利用 4kWNd :YAG激光器 ,采用双面深熔焊的方法 ,焊接条件为 4kW激光功率和0 .3 ,0 .5m/min的焊接速度。冲击试验采用一种自行设计的带侧面缺口的三缺口冲击试样 ,以保证断裂全部发生在焊缝。结果表明 ,利用CO2 作保护气体焊接低碳钢板 ,可以有效消除大熔深激光焊接时的气孔问题 ,并获得比Ar气保护下硬度较低 ,冲击韧性高的焊缝。研究工作为解决大功率激光深熔焊时容易发生的气孔问题提供了一条有效途径     

Porosity and microstructure in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welded Ti6Al4V sheet

The overlapping factor of pulsed laser welding is used to help understand the correlation between welding parameters and the quality of Ti6Al4V welded joints. The number of porosity decreases with the increase in overlapping factor, and the welded joints are almost completely free of porosity when overlapping factor is greater than 75%. This can be attributed to the fact that the remelted volume of the spot region increases with the increase of overlapping factor, which assists porosity formed in the previous pulse wave in escaping from molten pool formed by the subsequent pulse. With the increase of overlapping factor, the weld microstructure becomes much coarser and the width of the fully transformed region of heat affected zone increases, which reduces the microstructure gradient and microhardness gradient from the fusion zone to heat affected zone. A method to evaluate the porosity susceptibility of a specific welding condition prior to actual welding process is presented.     

Characteristics of Ni-Ir and Pt-Ir hard coatings surface treated by pulsed Nd:YAG laser

The subjects of the presented paper are to develop a laser surface treatment technology for the protective coatings of glass-molding dies and to better understand the interaction between laser beam and materials coated on the die surface. A variety of alloy films, including Ir-25 at.% Pt, Ir-50 at.% Pt, Ir-75 at.% Pt, Ir-25 at.% Ni, Ir-50 at.% Ni, and Ir-75 at.% Ni compositions are deposited by the ion source assisted magnetron sputtering system (ISAMSS). A Cr layer that functioned as a buffer layer is deposited between the alloy film and die surface. After an alloy film and the buffer Cr layer were sequentially coated on tungsten carbide (WC) surface, Nd:YAG laser was directly applied in the writing process. The temperature profile of the film stack structure is simulated by ANSYS software. The surface roughness was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to compare the coating surface roughness before and after the laser surface treatments. The treated coatings for oxidation prevention test were examined by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). Nanoindentation instrument was performed to evaluate microhardness and reduced modulus of the coatings. The cross-sectional structures between the hard coating layer and buffer layer were also inspected by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Pt-Ir and Ni-Ir film coatings are unable to withstand the working temperature over 1500 °C, which is considered for quartz molding process and hot embossing process. The films showed high roughness, low microhardness and low reduced modulus because the film oxidation occurred in a high working temperature process.     

Thermal and piezoelectric properties of Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 thin film prepared by metal organic decomposition

Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12(BNT) powder and thin film were prepared by metal organic decomposition(MOD) method.The heat flow curve of BNT powder was measured with a modulated temperature differential scanning calorimeter,and thermal physical parameters such as thermal conductivity coefficient and thermal diffusion coefficient were obtained from the heat flow curve.The phase identification,ferroelectric,and piezoelectric properties of BNT thin film annealed at 700°C were investigated with X-ray diffractometer,ferroelectric analyzer,and scanning probe microscope.The results show that the thin films consisting of a single phase of bismuth-layered perovskite are polycrystalline,without a preferred orientation.Remnant polarization 2Pr is 63.2μC/cm 2 under 530 kV/cm applied field,and the effective piezoelectric coefficient d33 is 30 pm/V.     

Spectroscopic properties of praseodymium-doped YVO4 crystal grown by the Czochralski technique

Optical absorption and emission spectra of YVO₄ crystal containing 1 at.% of praseodymium have been measured at 4.2 and 300 K. Absorption spectra recorded with polarised light at 4.2 K are found to be strongly inhomogeneously broadened but generally consistent with selection rules for D_2d local symmetry except for the ³H₄(1)−³F₂ transition.

Extensive vibronic side-bands of electronic lines corresponding to transitions from the ground ³H₄(1) state to the ³P₀ and ³P₁ states have been observed. Luminescence decay curves have been recorded at several temperatures between 4.2 and 300 K. Strong dependence of the ¹D₂ lifetime on sample temperature and lack of the ³P₀ emission at any temperature between 4.2 and 300 K has been discussed.     

Effect of annealing temperature on ferroelectric properties of （Bi, Nd）4（Ti, V）3O12 thin films

Thin films of Nd^3＋/V^5＋-cosubstituted bismuth titanate, （Bi3.sNd0.5）（ Ti2.96V0.04）O12 （BNTV）, were fabricated on the Pt（111）/Ti/SiO2/Si（100） substrates by a chemical solution deposition technique and annealed at different temperatures of 650, 700, 750 and 800 ℃. The surface morphology and ferroelectric properties of the samples were studied in detail. The result shows that the film annealed at 800 ℃ indicates excellent ferroelectricity with a remanent polarization of 2Pr=40.9 i.tC/cm^2, a coercive field （Ec） of 114 kV/cm at an applied electrical field of 375 kV/cm. The substitution of Ti-site ion by V^5＋ ions could improve the upper limit of the optimal annealing temperature by decreasing the space charge density in BNT thin film. Additionally, the mechanism concerning the dependence of ferroelectric properties of BNTV thin films on the annealing temperature was discussed.     

C-ring stress corrosion test for Inconel 600 and Inconel 690 sleeve joint welded by Nd:YAG laser

C-ring stress corrosion test for Inconel 600 and Inconel 690 sleeve joint welded by Nd:YAG laser were carried out to evaluate the applicability of the technique in the repair of heat exchanger tube of nuclear power plant. Corrosion test were carried out mainly in caustic solution. The applied stresses range between 207 and 414 MPa at 348 °C and the corrosion time is between 1624 and 4877 h. The experiment also has been done in primary water with one condition (379 MPa, 2931 h), and in sulphate solution with one condition (414 MPa, 1624 h). Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was observed in the welded specimens immersed in sulphate and caustic solution but SCC was not observed in primary water. The length of SCC is related to corrosion time and applied stress. The length of SCC increases linearly with increasing corrosion time. SCC propagates as intergranular from base metal towards the weld of Inconel 690. Weld part of Inconel 690 appears to posses better resistance to SCC than base metal of Inconel 690 in caustic environment.     

Investigation of average growth stresses in Cr2O3 scales measured by a novel deflection method

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｕｒｉｎｇｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓａｒｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｉｎｏｘｉｄｅｓｃａｌｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓｍａｉｎｌｙｒｅｓｕｌｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｉｓｏｔｈｅｒ     

Effect of crystallization temperature on microstructure and ferroelectric property of Bi3.25 Eu0.75 Ti3O12 thin films prepared by MOD method

1 Introduction Many researches have been done on candidates in ferroelectric material for non-volatile random access memories applications. Among them, lead zirconate titanate(PZT) thin films have been widely studied because they have many advantages such…     

Preparation of Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor by molten salt assisted method

A kind of fine and quasi-spherical Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor was prepared by firing a preparative precursor at 1 200 ℃ for 2 h with the molten salts of Na2CO3, S and NaCl. The precursor was obtained by homogeneous precipitation of yttrium and europium with oxalic acid when using EDTA, citric acid or starch as complexant. The structure and morphology of the phosphors were characterized by XRD and SEM, respectively. The influence of complexing environment, firing temperature and molten salts on formation of the phosphor Y2O3：Eu^3＋ was discussed. The result show that the prepared Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor is of quasi-spherical structure with size of 2-3 μm. Its luminescent intensity is 30% higher than that of the same phosphor prepared by the same procedure but without molten salts, and is 5% higher than that of commercial Y2O3：Eu^3＋ red phosphor.     

固相法制备Y3+掺杂LiFePO4/C的反应机理及其电化学性能

以Fe2O3为铁源,采用高温固相法制备了Y3+掺杂的LiFePO4/C复合材料。利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、恒电流充放电等手段对材料的合成反应历程、粉体颗粒形貌以及电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:Fe3+在300～550℃间被还原为Fe2+,经过650℃煅烧后,形成晶型单一的橄榄石结构晶体。LiFe0.98Y0.02PO4/C样品在0.2 C倍率下的首次放电比容量达到了151.6 mA.h/g。     

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser turning of micro-groove on aluminum oxide ceramic (Al2O3)

The present study investigates the relationship of processes parameters of pulsed Nd:YAG laser-turning operation for production of micro-groove on cylindrical workpiece of ceramic material. A microprocessor-based work holding device has been developed to provide the rotational motion of cylindrical work pieces for micro-turning operation. Laser turning of micro-grooves on ceramics is highly demanded in the present industry because of its wide and potential uses in various fields such as automobile, aerospace and bio-medical engineering applications, etc. Experiments have been conducted on laser micro-grooving of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). The central composite second-order rotatable design (CCD) had been utilized to plan the experiments and response surface methodology was employed for developing empirical models. Analysis on machining characteristics of pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-grooving operation was made based on the developed models. In this study, lamp current, pulse frequency, pulse width, assist air pressure and cutting speed of work piece are considered as laser machining process parameters. The process performances such as upper deviation (Y_uw), lower deviation (Y_lw) and depth (Y_d) characteristics of laser-turned micro-grooves produced on cylindrical work piece made of Al₂O₃ were evaluated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test had also been carried out to check the adequacy of the developed regression empirical models. The observed optimal process parameter settings are lamp current of 22.517 A, pulse frequency of 1.477 kHz, pulse width of 2.394% of duty cycle, cutting speed of 10.4283 rpm and assist air pressure of 1.3 kgf/cm² for achieving minimum upper deviation, lower deviation and depth of laser-turned micro-grooves, and finally the results were experimentally verified. From the analysis, it was found that proper control of the process parameters lead to achieve minimum upper deviation, lower deviation and depth of laser-turned micro-grooves produced on cylindrical workpiece of Al₂O₃.     

溶剂热-溶胶凝胶两步法合成(Y,Gd)(P,V)O_4:Eu~(3+),Bi~(3+)荧光粉及其发光研究

采用溶剂热-溶胶凝胶两步法合成了(Y1-z,Gd z)1-x-y(P z,V1-z)O4:x Eu3+,yBi3+系列红色荧光粉。用XRD、SEM和荧光分光光度计,对试样的晶体结构、表面形貌及发光性能进行了表征。结果表明:样品为四方晶系,掺杂离子的加入对基质晶体结构影响不大;样品形貌均一,呈短杆状或椭圆状;激发光谱由位于250~400 nm的O2--V5+带和Eu3+-O2-带组成;最强发射峰位于619 nm,归属于Eu3+的5D0→7F2特征跃迁发射;Eu3+的最佳掺杂量为5 mol%(x=0.05);掺杂Bi3+、Gd3+、P5+后,样品发射强度得到显著提高,Bi3+的掺杂还会使激发带红移至400 nm。说明这类荧光粉是可用于近紫外芯片激发的白光LED用红色荧光粉。     

(0 0 l)-oriented Bi2Sr2Co2Oy and Ca3Co4O9 films: Self-assembly orientation and growth mechanism by chemical solution deposition

In this study, two typical cobaltate-based thermoelectric films, Bi₂Sr₂Co₂O_y (BSC) and Ca₃Co₄O₉ (CCO), with structures of [Bi₂Sr₂O₄][CoO₂]₂ and [Ca₂CoO₃]^RS[CoO₂], respectively, are prepared by a simple chemical solution deposition on SrTiO₃ (1 0 0), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) single crystal substrates. X-ray results reveal that all films are c-axis oriented regardless of the orientation of the substrate, suggesting self-assembly orientation. Transmission electron microscopy reveals amorphous/delamination regions for BSC film on SrTiO₃ (1 1 0), and the c-axis stripes of CCO on SrTiO₃ (1 1 1) are inclined at 30° to the interface, whereas the c-axis stripes are parallel to the interfaces for other films. The growth mechanism is established, and the driving force for self-assembly c-axis orientation is attributed to the syneresis stress due to solvent evaporation. The microstructures and properties are also studied and discussed, with the conclusion that self-assembly c-axis oriented layered cobaltates films are good candidates for thermoelectric applications.     

SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋长余辉光致发光材料的固相反应法合成与特性

采用高温固相反应法，在还原气氛下制备了掺稀土离子Eu^2 和Dy^3 的铝酸锶长余辉光致发光材料。XRD研究表明，所制备的铝酸盐具备SrAl2O4的晶体结构。SrAl2O4：Eu^2 ，Dy^3 发光材料的发光光谱是中心位于520nm的带状谱，激发峰波长范围位于300nm～500nm，发光余辉可持续12h以上。研究了SrAl2O4：Eu^2 ，Dy^3 发光材料的耐温性和耐水性，结果表明，随热处理温度升高，发光亮度下降；水浸使发光材料与水反应生成水化物，使发光性能下降。