A multiagent supply chain planning and coordination architecture

A supply chain is a worldwide network of suppliers, manufactures, warehouses, distribution centers and retailers through which raw materials are acquired, transformed and delivered to customers. In recent years, a new system approach for managing the supply chain at the tactical and operational levels has emerged. It views a supply chain as composed of a set of intelligent (software) agents, who are responsible for one or more activities and interacting with other related agents in planning and executing their responsibilities. This paper presents a multiagent architecture of supply chain integration. Agents coordination using extended contract net protocol is discussed. Two types of bidding approaches, i.e., the customizing-type and webbing-type are introduced into the multiagent supply chain system. Finally, a heuristics and two programming models for the planning and coordination of demand-driven supply chains are suggested.     

供应链网络制造系统生产计划分解模型的研究

供应链管理跨越企业界限，具有集成性和时效性，其生产计划系统具有分布性、自治性和开放性等特点，传统的生产计划方法已经不能适应供应链这种新的组织模式。这里对供应链企业生产计划系统特点进行分析，构建了供应链网络制造系统三层次模型，并在此基础上提出了网络制造系统中供应链生产计划的分解模型。     

Manufacturing supply chain design and evaluation

Successful supply chain management calls for robust supply chain design and evaluation tools. Many published papers focused on high level strategic aspects of supply chain design and the results are usually generic guidelines for business executives rather than specific tools for plant managers. In this paper, we present a decision-based methodology for supply chain design that a plant manager can use to select suppliers. The methodology utilizes the techniques of analytic hierarchy process and preemptive goal programming. Supply chain operations reference model level I performance metrics are incorporated into the methodology as the decision criteria. In addition, a set of performance metrics is developed to evaluate the overall supply chain effectiveness, which allows direct comparison of different supply chain designs.     

供应链生产分销协同博弈研究

分析了随着需求的不确定性变化 ,供应链上的供应商和分销商为了最大化自己的利润所选择博弈结构的变化 ,和不同博弈结构下各个博弈方和整个供应链的利润 ;其中重点研究了两者在协同情况下的博弈行为 ,找出了对于制造商和销售商来说都是最优的可接受Pareto有效方案 ,为各博弈方的选择博弈结构提供了指导。     

基于供应链的汽车协配件供应商选择方法研究

针对供应链中汽车协配件供应商的评价和选择 ,分别从供应商的技术开发能力 ,产品的质量及质量保证能力 ,价格的合理性 ,供货能力、服务水平等方面构建了两层评价指标 ,同时考虑到有关数据和指标难免带有一定的模糊性和主观性 ,因此应用模糊综合评判方法建立了供应商选择的模糊多目标多层次综合模型 ,并以MFD载重车公司为例进行了实证研究。     

Optimal production policy for a manufacturing system with volume flexibility in a supply chain under lumpy demand

A batch production system with volume flexibility in a supply chain where a manufacturer procures raw materials and/or component parts from multiple suppliers in a lot and processes them into a single product, is considered in this research. First of all, a decision-making model is developed for an optimal production rate selection in the volume-flexibility production system, where a single type of finished products is delivered periodically in fixed quantities within a fixed interval of time. In this model, the production rate is perceived as a decision variable and unit production cost becomes a function of production rate. This model takes into account not only inventory costs of raw materials and finished goods, but production costs as well. Then, a pragmatic computation approach is presented to solve the proposed model for special unit-production-cost functions. It is used to determine an optimal production rate, and thus to decide an optimal ordering policy for procurement of raw materials from suppliers and an optimal manufacturing batch size. Some observations are made for optimal production rate analysis. Finally, a numerical study is conducted to illustrate the solution and a set of data with ten problems is tested and compared.     

熵在供应链复杂性研究中的应用

供应链的网状结构决定了其在复杂多变的市场中将不可避免要面对诸多不确定因素。本文把熵论应用到供应链复杂性的研究中 ,提出了量化分析模型与方法。通过量化分析 ,可以清楚地看到供应链各节点之间复杂性产生的原因以及复杂性沿供应链在上下游合作伙伴之间的传递过程 ,并且可以将复杂性比较准确地加以量化 ,为进一步有效地控制降低整个供应链的复杂性奠定基础     

The future trend on system-wide modelling in supply chain studies

Although supply chain (SC) has gained increasing attention in the last decade and numerous SC problems have been identified and solved, there is a lack of systematic approach to solve SC problems at a system level. SC can be viewed as a network of organisations including, but not restricted to, the suppliers (source of raw materials), manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and end customers. Each entity is able to process different tasks individually in order to satisfy the global goal of the network, which is usually the total cost or lead time of a set of products. If only inter-entity problems are solved, like inventory level, production planning, etc., the performance of the whole system is not guaranteed to be acceptable. The main objective of this paper is to review contemporary SC problems and the methodologies in solving them, and to suggest future research direction for solving supply chains problems. From the analysis of the review, it can be concluded that there is limited research to solve SC problems from a system point of view. In this connection, future direction in solving system-wide SC, and the potential difficulties, are discussed. This allows readers to gain insights in the future research direction in the area of supply chain management.     

Supply chain focus dependent safety stock placement

Increasing globalization, growing product range diversity, and rising consumer awareness are making markets highly competitive, forcing supply chains to adapt constantly to different stimuli. Growing competition between supply chains (as well as players within them) is also warranting a priority for overall supply chain performance over the goals of individual players. It is now well established in the literature that, among the many order winners, both overall supply chain cost and responsiveness (i.e., supply chain lead time) are the most significant determinants of supply chain competitiveness. The literature, however, mostly focuses on supply chain cost minimization with rather simplistic treatment of responsiveness. By introducing the concept of a coefficient of inverse responsiveness (CIR), we facilitate efficient introduction of responsiveness related costs into the scheme of supply chain (SC) performance evaluation and/or optimization. Thus, our model aids supply chain managers in achieving better strategic fit between individual business unit strategies and overall supply chain requirements in terms of cost efficiency and responsiveness. In particular, it aids in strategic placement of safety stocks at different stages in the supply chain. Our model also offers managerial insights that help improve our intuitions into supply chain dynamics. The model is more suited for strategic SC alignment, for example, when dealing with product changeovers or introduction of new product, rather than for operational control.     

基于突变级数法的绿色供应链供应商的选择研究

供应商的选择是属于多层次、多指标和多准则的综合分析。基于突变级数法原理,选取产品质量和环保能力等指标,建立供应商评价指标体系,并对诸矛盾因素进行归一化处理,得到突变模糊隶属度函数,从而进行绿色供应链供应商的综合评价研究。结合实例,说明了基于突变级数法的绿色供应链供应商的选择研究具有客观性和合理性,有效地避免了权重分配时评价者的主观意愿对评价结果的影响,为绿色供应链供应商的选择提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

动态联盟和供应链比较分析概述

对供应链和动态联盟中企业之间的关系、它们所需要的技术支持、实现的困难等相似点以及它们的目标、稳定性、对市场分析的依赖度等不同点从两个方面作了比较分析,最后,从动态联盟和供应链中的内在联系中描述了两者的转化和集成。     

供应链协调机制研究现状及发展趋势

供应链是基于“竞争—合作—协调”机制的,协调是供应链稳定运行的基础。本文主要通过供应链成员间的信息共享和供应链契约两方面分析了供应链协调问题的研究现状,并提出了供应链协调研究的发展趋势。     

DYNAMIC RELOCATION OF PLANT／WAREHOUSE FACILITIES：A FAST COMPACT GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH

The problem of dynamic relocation and phase-out of combined manufacturing plant and warehousing facilities in the supply chain are concerned. A multiple time/multiple objective model is proposed to maximize total profit during the time horizon, minimize total access time from the planfwarehouse facilities to its suppliers and customers and maximize aggregated local incentives during the time horizon. The relocation problem keeps the feature of NP-hard and with the traditional method the optimal result cannot be got easily. So a compact genetic algorithm (CGA) is introduced to solve the problem. In order to accelerate the convergence speed of the CGA, the least square approach is introduced and a fast compact genetic algorithm (fCGA) is proposed. Finally, simulation results with the fCGA are compared with the CGA and classical integer programming (IP). The results show that the fCGA proposed is of high efficiency for Pareto optimality problem.     

基于模糊AHP方法的供应商绿色评价研究

针对多个供应商选择问题,本文采用AHP与模糊理论相结合的方法,对绿色供应链中供应商的评价与选择进行了分析,建立了绿色供应链供应商评价指标体系,并且结合实例,具体分析了采用模糊AHP法综合评价选择供应商的过程。     

基于产能的面向交货期的供应链协同定价决策模型

以一个供应商和制造商组成的两级供应链系统为研究对象,根据交货期影响供应链定价的特点,以企业收益最大为目标,建立基于产能的面向交货期的供应链协同定价决策模型,分析了供应商如何根据自身的交货期和产能来确定产品的最适售价。通过数值分析,论证模型的有效性。此模型可以为供应链协同企业如何根据自身的产能来决策交货期和定价提供有益的指导。     

Decentralised production-distribution planning system using collaborative agents in supply chain network

With the fast development of information technology and the global market, collaboration between different functional units in a supply chain becomes one of the most critical factors for global companies to respond to rapid changes in customer needs and increase the efficiency of the whole supply chain. This supply chain environment requires a production-distribution planning system to enable the collaboration between production and distribution units more quickly and orderly. Generally, collaboration in a supply chain needs to resolve conflicts between two decentralised functional units, because each unit tries to locally minimise its own costs, not the overall supply chain costs. Also, there exists incomplete information sharing according to the information privacy of each functional unit. This paper proposes a decentralised production-distribution planning system using collaborative agents that can efficiently mediate the planning gaps between two decentralised planning functions: production and distribution. The validity of collaborative-agent model has been shown using some lemmas and numerical examples.     

基于Agent的图形化多级供应链协调仿真平台设计

针对多级供应链协调仿真问题,首先提出利用Agent描述供应链成员的竞争性、合作性和自治性,建立了基于Agent的多级供应链协调仿真平台,对协调仿真实现原理和仿真平台的功能进行了说明。其次,对仿真平台实现涉及的类的封装、成员主体函数调用及图形化仿真界面等技术进行了阐述。最后,采用Visual C＋＋和Form＋＋开发基于Agent的多级供应链协调仿真平台,实现了供应链组织协调运作过程建模与仿真,验证了仿真平台设计的有效性。     

从价值链到供应链--企业竞争优势理论的衍变

探讨价值链理论与供应链理论的发展和衍变,为企业竞争提供理论指导。通过对价值链理论和供应链理论应用环境的对比分析,阐明了管理理论发展的必然性。供应链理论在现时代有着广阔的应用前景和良好的实践绩效。     

A two-stage data envelopment analysis model for measuring performance in three-level supply chains

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been widely used to evaluate supply chain performances. In conventional DEA, supply chains are represented as black boxes where only the initial inputs and final outputs are considered to measure their efficiency. However, an integrated model measuring both the efficiency of the entire supply chain and that of all its components at all levels is essential for a comprehensive evaluation. This study presents a two-stage DEA method to evaluate the performance of a three-level supply chain including suppliers, manufacturers and distributors. The proposed model can be used both under the constant returns to scale and the variable returns to scale assumptions and can be easily implemented for comprehensive analysis of multi-level supply chains. We present a numerical example to demonstrate applicability of the proposed model and exhibit the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and procedures. In particular, the numerical results demonstrate that the entire supply chain is “comprehensively” efficient only if efficient supplier–manufacturer and manufacturer–distributor relationships are established.     

A fuzzy multi-objective programming model for supplier selection with volume discount and risk criteria

In contemporary supply chain management, the performance of potential suppliers is evaluated against multiple criteria. In this paper, a fuzzy multi-objective programming model is outlined to propose supplier selection taking quantitative, qualitative, and risk factors into consideration. Also quantity discount has been considered to determine the best suppliers and to place the optimal order quantities among them. The mixed integer derivative nonlinear programming is obtained from fuzzy multi-objective programming model by chance-constrained method. To solve this problem, an innovative method is proposed. In addition, several “what if” scenarios are facilitated. Finally, a real-life sample is used to validate the proposed model.