流体作用下正交各向异性圆锥壳的自由振动

给出了流体载荷作用下正交各向异性圆锥壳体的自由振动理论模型。通过波传播法和Galerkin法得到了流体载荷作用下截锥壳体自由振动的解。流体载荷作用下的锥壳被划分为好几段,并且每个小圆锥段被当作一个小圆柱段。通过确定每个小圆柱段的流体载荷,来确定锥壳的流体载荷。这样,作用在锥壳上的流体载荷逐段加载。流体载何以及没有流体载荷作用的各向同性和正交各向异性圆锥壳的数值结果被计算出来阐述求解过程的有效性。     

Mixed shell element for seven‐parameter formulation

A new mixed shell element is developed for a seven‐parameter formulation in this paper. The mixed shell element is constructed by assuming stress field and displacement field together. Assumed stress field and assumed displacement field can be combined by stress–strain relationship with Hu‐Washizu functional. The developed mixed shell element can provide more flexible stiffness than other commercial softwares. Additionally, seven‐parameter shell formulation is used instead of Reissner/Mindlin formulation, since it can provide the thickness change. Even though some commercial engineering software are not proper for very thick shell structure, the developed mixed shell element for seven‐parameter formulation can be used without distinction of thick shell and thin shell. An example of shell models with different thickness is provided with solid model. Static and modal analyses are also performed for verification. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同参数下的单、双层圆柱壳体速度场研究

研究圆柱壳体表面速度场的重构：疗法对潜艇水下辐射噪声的预报具有重要的意义。采用了分区段重构轻外壳速度场的思想，在此基础上建立无限流体中的有限长单、双层加肋圆柱壳模型，分析了壳体表面速度场随不同结构参数的变化规律，并对单、双层圆柱壳体，以及双层圆柱壳体内、外壳的振动响应性能作了一定的比较。得到了单区段壳体长度的选取、模型刚度特性以及不同频段内壳体间耦合作用等对壳体速度场的影响，为研究潜艇轻外壳速度场重构方法提供了理论依据。     

某薄壁壳体收带工艺改进

分析了弹体收带工艺产生的变形问题,理论计算弹带收带所需挤压力,确定收带弹体变形产生的原因,通过改进收带工艺和夹爪结构、优化调整收带芯子与弹体内膛配合间隙,减少了薄壁弹体收带变形,降低了收带废品率,保证了薄壁弹体收带质量,节约了生产成本.     

Preparation and photoluminescence properties of reverse type-I ZnO/PbS core/shell nanorods

ZnO/PbS one-dimensional core/shell nanorods have been fabricated by a two-step growth method. Photoluminescence properties of these samples with different shell thickness are studied in detail. The result reveals that the photoluminescence intensity of the ZnO/PbS core/shell nanorods changes with the increase of thickness of PbS shell. When the shell is very thin, the increase in photoluminescence intensity is attributed to the modification of surface defect state. When the shell becomes thicker, the formation of a reverse type-I band alignment between the core and shell is ascribed to be the factor resulting in the decrease in intensity of the photoluminescence properties.     

陶瓷纤维长度对复合精铸型壳抗弯强度与透气性的影响及增强行为

为了分析纤维长度对陶瓷纤维增强硅溶胶型壳抗弯强度与透气性的影响及增强行为,采用1~6mm六种不同长度陶瓷纤维制备硅溶胶型壳试样。研究结果表明,陶瓷纤维长度对硅溶胶型壳强度和透气性的影响显著,随着陶瓷纤维长度的增加,型壳的抗弯强度先增大后减少,型壳的透气率先增大后减小再增大。当陶瓷纤维长度为4mm时,型壳的常温及焙烧后抗弯强度达到最大值,分别为2.97 MPa和6.84 MPa;型壳的透气率达到最大值2.90。当陶瓷纤维长度大于4mm时,纤维在型壳中分散性变差,纤维的桥联作用得不到有效发挥,型壳孔隙率减少,导致型壳强度和透气性变小。     

有限元法在42英寸多枪彩色显像管玻壳设计中的应用

由于多电子枪显象管玻壳是一个变厚度组合壳体 ,很难用板壳经典理论进行求解 ,所以在设计九电子枪彩管玻壳时用有限元方法预先知道该玻壳的应力分布。通过修改设计参数 ,使九电子枪彩管玻壳能满足强度要求。在设计玻屏时采用非均匀有理B样条的曲面分析方法 ,锥体采用四条组合的非均匀有理B样条曲线旋转一周得到。本设计实现了玻屏表面外形和曲率变化及玻壳结构设计的全参数化 ,提高了玻壳的设计效率。本文还给出了计算玻壳外型的公式和一些技术参数。计算机仿真结果表明 :4 2英寸九电子枪彩色无支撑CRT的玻壳既能满足强度要求 ,又具有好的视觉效果     

THE FOUR-NODE C0 SHELL ELEMENT REFORMULATED

A reformulated four-node shell element, based on the analysis of the moment redistribution mechanism development by C⁰ plate bending and shell elements, is presented. The moment redistribution mechanism of a finite shell element model is shown to be predominantly activated by the membrane flexural action of the shell. This action is triggered through the membrane strain components which participate in the moment equilibrium equations of the finite element assembly system. An equivalent elastic foundation action, along with the activation of the in-plane twisting stiffness of the shell, may also contribute to the moment redistribution mechanism of the finite shell element model. The proposed shell element formulation aims at retaining the non-spurious contribution of the transverse shear/membrane strain energy to the flexural behaviour of the shell, through the activation of the moment redistribution mechanism. Yet, any potentially spurious, whether locking or kinematic, mechanism is rejected. In warped configurations, the element activates appropriate coupling mechanisms of the bending terms to nodal translations. The so-obtained reformulated four-node shell element exhibits an excellent behaviour without experiencing any locking phenomena or zero-energy modes, while its formulation is kept simple, based on physical considerations. The proposed formulation performs equally well in flat as well as in warped shell element applications.     

某产品深孔壳体加工工艺技术改进

目的某产品壳体为关键重要零件,壳体内承载大部分零部件,壳体加工精度的高低,直接影响产品设计指标,壳体内孔较深,且壳体壁厚差设计精度要求相对较高,加工后部分壳体出现壁厚差超差问题,影响产品加工质量,为此进行工艺技术改进,解决深孔壳体加工壁厚差超差问题。方法通过改进壳体预压型、冲拔工艺,改变拔伸毛坯冷却方式,增加壳体内膛喷砂工序,提高壳体内膛冲拔加工精度;改进壳体机加工艺及装夹定位工艺基准,改进夹具设计结构,使加工装夹定位工艺基准统一,消除多次装夹累计误差。结果通过工艺技术优化改进,解决了壳体加工壁厚差超差问题。结论提高了壳体加工精度,降低了壳体加工废品损失,节约了生产成本。     

复合载荷作用变刚度复合材料回转壳屈曲优化

通过曲线纤维轨迹设计,变刚度复合材料回转壳将拥有比常刚度（直线纤维）回转壳更好的抗屈曲稳定性,为此,研究了复合载荷作用下曲线纤维铺层形式和几何参数对变刚度复合材料回转壳屈曲性能的影响规律。首先根据回转壳横截面圆弧变化改进曲线纤维角度线性描述方法,建立了变刚度复合材料回转壳的参数化有限元模型;其次,结合序列二次响应面方法和回转壳屈曲优化模型,搭建了复合材料回转壳曲线纤维轨迹优化的设计流程;最后,以准各向同性铺层复合材料回转壳为比较基准,对弯扭载荷作用变刚度圆柱壳和轴压、弯矩和扭矩分别作用变刚度椭圆柱壳在不同铺层方式、不同几何参数下的屈曲性能进行了优化比较。结果表明:弯扭载荷作用下,变刚度圆柱壳的屈曲性能随弯矩载荷占比增加而提高,且均好于准各向同性圆柱壳,但扭矩载荷占优时,优化常刚度圆柱壳的屈曲性能更具有优势;不同载荷作用下,具有较小截面方向比的变刚度椭圆柱壳屈曲性能要明显好于对应的准各向同性椭圆柱壳,且横截面越接近圆形,曲线纤维对椭圆柱壳屈曲性能的改善越弱。      

可膨胀筛管外壳膨胀性能的数值分析

 为提高保护外壳的膨胀性能,提出了圆形波纹管形式外壳的设想,并采用非线性有限元方法分析了其膨胀性能。数值计算结果表明,圆形波纹管可以实现较小的应力和较大的位移补偿。外壳的波纹半径与其膨胀性能紧密相关,波纹半径制约着外壳的膨胀均匀度和圆度以及施工难易程度,随着波纹半径的增加,膨胀力和膨胀后的不圆度减小,但膨胀后与套管内壁的接触面积也随之减少,波纹管的合理波纹半径应为8～14 mm。波纹管壁厚对其膨胀力和应力储备系数的影响均不大,但制约了可膨胀筛管的外径和内部构件的尺寸,可膨胀筛管外壳波纹管的合理壁厚为2 mm。     

A Continuum Based Thick Shell Element for Large Deformation Analysis of Layered Composites

A new continuum based thick shell model is presented for modeling orthotropic laminated shell structures undergoing large elastic deformations. An equivalent single-layer model involving seven nodal degrees of freedom is used. In that layered model, there are no restrictions on the number of layers, their thickness and their stacking sequence. The shell model accounts explicitly for the thickness change in the shell, as well as the normal stress and strain states through its thickness. Shear locking is avoided using an assumed natural strain formulation, while thickness locking is avoided using modified displacement interpolation functions. The performance of the layered shell element is tested using several linear and non-linear composite plate and shell problems involving anisotropic, angle and cross-ply laminates, cylindrical and spherical shells.     

复合材料层合锥柱结合壳的有限元强度分析

本文应用各向异性层合壳体理论的有限元位移法对层合锥柱结合壳进行了强度分析。给出了各向同性锥柱结合壳和复合材料层合维柱结合壳的数值结果。各向同性锥柱结合壳的数值结果和三维弹性理论的有限元法计算结果作了比较,两者符合得很好。复合材料层合锥柱结合壳的数值结果也和用轴对称曲壳单元程序的计算结果作了比较,两者也很一致。      

Relation of fragment with air shock wave intensity for explosion in a shell

A new analytical method is suggested for the computation of primary fragment velocity for an explosion in a shell (or case). The influence of the shell on the intensity of explosion-generated air shock waves is discussed, which shows that it is determined by the wall thickness (or the mass) of the location at which the fragment occurs, not by the total mass of the shell. By experimentation the air shock wave overpressures and the damage effects of simulative targets that are caused by the explosions of explosive charges in a shell and without a shell are examined under the same charge mass and shape, to verify the validity of the presented result in this work. By using the suggested theoretical method, the upper bound of fragment velocity and the lower bound, respectively, are calculated. The fragment velocity depends on the thickness of a shell, and the thicker or the heavier the shell, the more serious the influence of the shell on blast shock wave intensity.     

带壳装药爆炸毁伤混凝土的数值模拟

为研究壳体对混凝土毁伤效果的影响规律,运用AUTODYN-2D对裸装药和不同厚度钢壳装药爆炸毁伤混凝土进行了数值模拟,结果表明,裸装药爆炸毁伤混凝土后的有效破坏区半径R2值比薄壳体时的小,但比较厚钢壳体时的大,这与试验结果吻合.壳体的存在对于最终毁伤效果的影响,视钢壳体的厚度而定.     

复杂边界条件圆柱壳自由振动特性分析

提出一种半解析法来分析圆柱壳结构自由振动特性。将圆柱壳壳结构在轴向方向分解为若干壳段,用沿轴向的Jacobi多项式和沿周向的Fourie r级数来表示各个壳段的位移函数,并采用罚参数法对圆柱壳结构的边界条件和壳段间的连续性条件进行模拟;最后,基于Rayleigh-Ritz法求得圆柱壳结构的自由振动频率。研究表明,该方法具有较好的收敛性,与公开发表文献一致性较高,研究成果可为复杂边界条件下圆柱壳结构自由振动特性分析提供数据积累和方法依据。     

Variational asymptotic modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of composite cylindrical shells

An efficient shell model is developed for analyzing one-way coupled thermomechanical behavior of composite cylindrical shells by using the variational asymptotic method (VAM). Taking advantage of the smallness parameter inherent in the shell structure, the VAM is applied to rigorously decouple the 3-D, thermoelasticity problem into a 1-D through-the-thickness analysis and a 2-D shell analysis. The through-the-thickness analysis servers as a link between the original 3-D analysis and the shell analysis by providing a constitutive model for the shell analysis and recovering the 3-D field variables in terms of global responses calculated by the shell analysis. The present model is valid for large displacements and global rotations and can capture all the geometric nonlinearity of a shell when the strains are small. A few examples are used to validate this model.     

带壳聚能装药壳体飞散速度的爆炸动力学算法

分析了带壳聚能装药的爆轰过程以及与薄壁圆管装药壳体膨胀飞散的相似点,运用爆炸动力学理论引入药量系数计算壳体飞散速度,计算结果与所引用的实验数据较接近,为壳体飞散速度的计算提供了新途径.     

充液圆柱壳的波传播和功率流特性研究

以一无限长弹性充液圆柱壳为研究对象，分别用Ｆｌｕｇｇｅ壳体理论与Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ方程分析管壁结构波运动和管内声场，通过管壁内表面的运动协调条件，建立此耦合系统的运动微分方程。分析了耦合波的传播特点。重点讨论在自由传播波作用时，由壳体中各内力传播的功率流，从能量角度分析了各种波的传播特点。