年产160kt硫酸装置的运行总结

本文介绍了开封化肥厂160kt/a硫酸装置的基本情况及两年多来的运行情况。对系统存在的问题作了剖析,报告了改进措施和效果,并对这套大型装置的设计水平和设备制造、安装水平作了评价。     

硫酸酸冷器的改造及低位热源的利用

介绍开封化肥厂一系统160kt／a硫酸装置酸冷却器由铸铁排管3改为带阳极保护的管壳式酸冷器的经过及运行效果;耐酸冷却产生的低位热源提出了新的利用方法。管壳式酸冷器的应用改善了生产环境,降低了硫酸生产成本,提高了综合经济效益。     

海安磷肥厂硫酸扩建中干吸塔设计情况

我厂硫酸车间始建于1973年,规模5000t/a,1977年扩建为10kt/a,采用热浓酸洗、一转一吸流程。1985年改为水洗净化,1987年扩建成20kt/a装置,当时干吸塔仍为中1800mm旧塔,仅填料和分酸装置作了改进,基本能适应生产需要,但阻力偏大,并有带沫现象。1988年再次扩建为40kt/a规模,即在老系统旁边增加一套20kt/a的装置。为了解决干吸塔存在的问题,新系统干吸塔的设计中考虑了以下几个问题。     

工程动态

·山东聊城地区硫酸厂30 kt/a饲钙装置已完成施工图 ·河南信阳磷肥总厂硫酸余热发电工程已完成施工图 ·山东临沂化工总厂30kt/a磷酸装置正在基建 ·云南磷肥厂60kt/a粉状磷酸一铵装置已完成初步设计 ·贵溪化肥厂240kt/a磷铵装置技改项目已完成施工图设计,正在基建 ·山东临沂化工总厂200kt/a硫酸装置已完成初步设计 ·云南磷肥工业有限公司250t/d湿法磷酸装置已完成初步设计     

金川集团股份有限公司硫酸三系统技术改造总结

介绍了金川集团股份有限公司硫酸三系统技术改造情况。硫酸三系统原采用一洗塔—二洗塔—冷却塔—铅间冷器—2级电除雾器稀酸洗净化、ⅢⅠ-ⅣⅡ"3+1"二转二吸工艺流程,改造后的硫酸系统净化工序采用湍冲洗涤塔—一洗塔—二洗塔—冷却塔—2级电除雾器流程。改造中增设1台湍冲洗涤塔、1台一吸塔和1套尾气脱硫系统并更换了SO2风机。改造后硫酸三系统运行稳定,烟气处理量由1.25×105m3/h增加到2.0×105m3/h,硫酸产能由320 kt/a增加到480 kt/a,实际运行总转化率大于99.3%,吸收率大于99.9%。     

热管锅炉在硫磺制酸装置转化系统的应用

衡阳天友化工有限公司80 kt/a硫磺制酸装置是30 kt/a钛白粉装置的配套装置,于2004年8月建成投产.为了满足30 kt/a钛白粉装置用酸的需要,公司于2006年对硫酸装置进行扩产改造,硫酸产能由80 kt/a提高到95 kt/a,装置的废热利用率提高了10%.现将装置技术改造及转化系统热管锅炉的运行情况介绍如下.     

电除雾器的技术改造

我厂硫铁矿制酸装置,设计能力为40kt/a,1992年建成投产,其中净化系统采用外喷文氏管、填料洗涤塔、1级电除雾器水洗工艺流程。电除雾器为146根管、PVC材质、铅六角阴极导线。2003年12月,装置由40kt/a扩产为60kt/a,经核算,电除雾器的操作气速由原来的0.86m/s上升到1.3m/s,超出了普通六角阴极线电除雾的工艺标准,而且经多年运行部分极线下部已发生肥大,电除雾器必须配套改造。1　电除雾器技改设想和极线的选型为节省硫酸装置扩产技改投资,在原电除雾器其它部件不变的前提下,提出了如下改造设想:(1)　选用1种高效极线,在操作气速大于1.3m…     

整体注胶堵漏技术在硫酸装置中的成功应用

<正>谦比希铜冶炼有限公司(CCS)坐落于非洲中南部的赞比亚铜带省。该项目总投资约3亿美元,一期工程于2009年3月投产,设计能力为粗铜150 kt/a、硫酸300 kt/a。2010年上半年CCS生产合格粗铜84 kt、硫酸157 kt,作业率达到94.02%,全面超过了设计指标。在运行期间,硫酸装置干吸塔和循环槽曾出现腐蚀泄漏问题,给生产带来巨大的压力。后采     

大型化硫酸装置中几个技术问题的讨论

根据开封化肥厂年产160kt硫酸装置近3年的运行情况,就余热锅炉、电除尘器、排渣排灰系统和净化稀酸泵等设计和运行的几个技术问题,进行了扼要的分析讨论。并就如何解决上述问题,提出了相应的初步意见和措施,经实践,表明效果良好。     

贵州省硫酸工业发展现状及“十三五”发展方向

正1发展回顾贵州省硫酸工业的发展始于1958年在贵阳市红岩化工厂所规划的400 t/a硫磺制酸装置,该装置后改为8 kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置。到20世纪60年代,为生产普钙(磷肥),贵州省在铜仁地区化肥厂、独山化肥厂、遵义综合化工厂、黔西磷肥厂、贵定化肥厂、开阳县磷肥厂、湄潭化肥厂和习水磷肥厂先后建成规模为2~4     

Principles of High-Temperature Microscopy

An extensive summary of literature is presented which deals with (1) the design of microscope objectives suitable for high-temperature work, (2) the design of high-temperature microscope stages and furnaces, and (3) the problems of high-temperature photomicrography. Designs of microscope systems of long working distance and with numerical apertures of 0 or greater are available and have been shown to be suitable for studying microstructures at temperatures above 750° C. Numerical apertures as low as 0.1 are suitable for the observation of specimens in image-type furnaces and for the observation of macrostructures. Several types of excellent furnaces are available commercially.     

Principles of Underwater Sound

《Principles of Underwater Sound》（水声原理）的著者Robert J．Urick是美国水面武器中心总部的前高级研究物理学家。他的“水声原理”共出三版。     

Principles of rotational molding

Rotational molding is a process by which powdered or liquid plastics are converted into hollow articles. This paper is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the process of rotational molding. There are seven sections: The Art, wherein we describe the process, discuss previous attempts at understanding the process, and mention processes that are similar in principle to rotational molding. Transient Heating of Mold Surface, wherein we show that the criterion for selection of mold materials is the ratio of the thermal diffusivity to the thermal conductivity, and present the heating curve for a mold in a rotational mold machine. Melting of Plastic Powder in a Rotating System, wherein we discuss in detail those physical powder characteristics that are necessary for good flow within the mold cavity. Fluid Flow During Rotational Molding, wherein we discuss the velocity profiles within the melt film, point out that there is very little bulk polymer flow possible within the mold cavity under normal processing conditions, and consider capillary flow forces and surface wetting. Sinter-Melting, wherein we compare the Kuczynski-Neuville empirical sintering model with the Lontz viscoelastic model, conclude that the latter is correct for the sintering of materials such as ABS, and apply the Frenkel glass densification theory to the prediction of void disappearance in sinter-melt polymers. Degradation, wherein we compare our experimental tensile strengths of polystyrene, obtained at varying oven cycle times and oven set point temperatures, with values obtained from degradation models given in the literature. Laboratory Simulation of Rotational Molding, wherein we propose two series of experiments, the first series being carried out without using rotational molding equipment, and the second using rotational molding equipment with molds having relatively simple geometries.     

Principles of mixing in the fatty oil industries

Conclusion The principles of mixing are now so well understood that it is possible to determine the fluid motion best suited for any specific process. Equipment can be selected that will give the desired motion most economically. In some processes pipeline mixing is sufficient and convenient. Most operations require intermixing of materials on both large and small scales and can be done best with propellers and turbines operating in tanks. At all stages of the development of a new process, exploratory-research, bench-scale, and pilot-plant, attention to the mixing impeller and tank arrangement is necessary so that equivalent results can be reproduced in commercial sizes. When scale models of propellers and turbines are used, with well-known flow, turbulence, and power characteristics, the mixers can be selected with assurance. Otherwise the sizing of large-scale equipment becomes mainly conjecture and improvisation.     

聚合物成型加工原理网络课程建设探索

网络课程的建设与应用备受重视,成为网络教学的重要资源。文章介绍基于洛阳理工学院网络课程教学平台的聚合物成型加工原理网络课程的建设,主要包括:建设的必要性、课程建设思想与设计方案以及该网络课程的主体单元组成,为相关网络课程建设提供参考。     

“环境工程原理”课程教学改革探讨

＂环境工程原理＂是环境工程、环境科学、给水排水工程等相关专业的基础课程。本文结合作者的教学经验,总结了该课程的教学内容和方法,以达到提高教学质量,优化教学过程的目的。     

Principles of the design of variatropic heat-insulating structural refractories

The time has come to begin designing the structures of heat-insulating refractories with regard for the service conditions they encounter in high-temperature equipment. It is proposed that a change be made from homogeneous refractories to variatropic refractories. Homogeneous refractories are converted to the variatropic state by internally redistributing their properties without changing the dimensions, weight, or average composition of the material. The conversion has three effects: a technological effect and effects related to the design and use of the new refractory.     

Principles of project management in the field of nanoindustry

Prerequisites of the transfer to integrated project control in the field of nanoindustry, which comprises all stages of the life cycle of innovative nanoproduction, have been considered. Structural relationships between the directions of nanoindustry have been demonstrated and a management statement that assumes the complex character of these relationships has been considered. Principles of project management in the field of nanotechnologies that reflect the character of these projects, their structure, the composition of participants, and other factors that determine the features of the solution of management problems have been suggested.