Numerical analysis of pulsating heat pipe based on separated flow model

The examination on the operating mechanism of a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) using visualization revealed that the working fluid in the PHP oscillated to the axial direction by the contraction and expansion of vapor plugs. This contraction and expansion is due to the formation and extinction of bubbles in the evaporating and condensing section, respectively. In this paper, a theoretical model of PHP was presented. The theoretical model was based on the separated flow model with two liquid slugs and three vapor plugs. The results show that the diameter, surface tension and charge ratio of working fluid have significant effects on the performance of the PHP. The following conclusions were obtained. The periodic oscillations of liquid slugs and vapor plugs were obtained under specified parameters. When the hydraulic diameter of the PHP was increased to d=3mm, the frequency of oscillation decreased. By increasing the charging ratio from 40 to 60 by volume ratio, the pressure difference between the evaporating section and condensing section increased, the amplitude of oscillation reduced, and the oscillation frequency decreased. The working fluid with higher surface tension resulted in an increase in the amplitude and frequency of oscillation. Also the average temperature of vapor plugs decreased.     

Effect of the pipe bend of the morning glory spillway on the cavitation number

Cavitation phenomena always threats the hydraulic structures with high velocity flow and suddenly varying the flow direction. It is assumed that the process of the flow depleting with high ratio through the morning glory spillway accompanied by suddenly varying the flow direction caused by the bend pipe can deteriorate the condition of the cavitation. Introducing the ratio R/D (diameter size of the vertical and horizontal shaft divided with radius of the bend pipe) can be beneficial to propose the novel design plan to avoid the cavitation caused by the bend pipe. Present study carried out a series experimental tests to validate a numerical model of the morning glory spillway with different R/D ratio to show the impacts of the suddenly varying the flow direction on the variation of the cavitation number. The cavitation values of the free, semi-submerged and submerged flow conditions showed that cavitation was mainly occurred on the internal arch of the bend pipe for free flow and the level of the danger for semi-submerged flow was the major danger level for internal arch of the bend pipe and due to submerged flow, the crest level at the entrance of the morning glory spillway was additionally threated by cavitation. To prevent from the cavitation, the values of the cavitation number due to different R/D as 0.55, 0.45, 0.35, and 0.25 were calculated by employing the validated numerical model due to high danger of the cavitation in semi-submerged condition. Results showed that due to D/R > 0.35, the possible cavitation damage is obtained for the internal and external arch of the bend pipe of the morning glory spillway; however, for D/R < 0.25, the bend pipe position is located in safe zone and the danger of the cavitation is negligible.     

多声道超声流量计在弯管段安装的适应性研究

针对在不具备直管段安装条件时,如何合理地选取多声道超声流量计的声道数量、测量断面及安装角度,本文从数学建模、误差分析、数值计算仿真与试验分析等方面,对DN400多声道超声流量计在弯管中的适应性进行了综合研究.利用高斯-雅克比数值积分法,给出了试验数据处理与数值仿真的数学模型,并分析了模型误差及横流的影响,提出利用双断面测量可减小横流的影响,并在数值仿真和试验中得到了验证.通过对声道数量、测量断面、安装角度进行数值仿真和试验表明,安装角度对低流速测量影响显著,最佳安装角应为0°;高流速测量应选用双断面,可根据测量精度的要求选用8声道或18声道.仿真结果与试验结果得到了很好的吻合,为进一步指导试验奠定了理论基础.     

基于ANSYS的烤箱管接头的风载分析

烤箱管接头是电容老化设备的重要组成部分,为电容老化提供了必要的温度场,它在高温下的应力、应变参数直接影响到电容老化的效果.采用ANSYS软件对烤箱管接头进行三维实体建模和静态分析,得到了此结构在风载荷和重力作用下的应力和应变结果.分析了风载荷和重力作用下的应力、应变对此烤箱管接头的影响,结果表明烤箱管接头出现最大应力和...     

基于SolidWorks的圆管弯头对水流的影响分析

文章对弯管轴线上水的流速进行数值计算,分析弯头曲率及半径对管内水流的影响。结果表瞻选用弯管,当首选小曲率渐弯管;折管的折角越小,为其设置大曲率半径弯头的必要性越大。     

利用LS-DYNA的微尺度球面-平面接触模型力学行为有限元分析

球面-平面接触模型是研究接触问题的基础.首先,分析了LS-DYNA有限元接触算法的基础理论,然后利用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件,分析了微尺度球面-平面接触模型的力学行为.研究表明,微尺度球面与平面以不同接触深度接触时,接触应力场以球面顶部位置为中心,呈圆形分布在接触位置区域,并且随着接触深度增加,合应力明显增大.接触过程中首先在基体表层产生弹性变形,然后进入塑性变形,并随接触深度增加,塑性变形区进一步扩大.比较接触区域不同位置的接触应力,在接触区域底部、中下部接触应力最大,而在上部、中上部的接触应力要小.随着接触深度的加深,局部发生以塑性变形为主的变形,材料失效,接触区域各位置的接触应力反而变小,且大致相同.     

An alternative mathematical model of vane anemometers based on the balance of power

Anemometers based on the exchange of momentum between the flow and rotating measuring element comprise an important class of instruments used in flow metrology, especially in meteorological and ventilation measurements. In these instruments, overvaluation of the measured average velocity, caused by the inertia of their rotors, takes place. To analyse this phenomenon and the dynamics of the measurement process, as well as to estimate and minimize the measurement uncertainty, it is required to be acquainted with the mathematical model of the anemometer. In this study, the model of the vane anemometer based on the equation of motion of its rotor available in the literature is analysed, and a new model based on the power balance is proposed. Model testing and a comparison of both models has also been performed.     

单弯管下游超声流量计的安装和测量性能研究

对大管径多声道超声流量计在单弯管下游流场中的安装和测量性能进行了数值仿真研究,分析了超声流量计在0.1 m、1 m和10 m口径下不同流速、声道数、旋转角以及前直管段长度时测量误差的变化规律。仿真结果表明,交叉声道布置形式对弯管产生的二次流所引入的横向测量误差有很好地抑制作用;对于大口径弯管下游流量测量,采用交叉4声道且将超声流量计安装在弯管下游5D位置可以获得1%的精度,且随着声道数的增多测量误差有减小的趋势;相同雷诺数时的测量误差基本相同。研究结果可为大管径多声道超声流量计的实际安装和使用提供一定的参考。     

基于ANSYS Workbench的输液管道系统振动控制仿真研究

以折弯式管道为例研究了输液管道系统的振动控制。首先,建立了输液管道系统的运动方程,但由于方程在离散过程中结构矩阵和流体矩阵的数值计算量过大,在计算过程中常出现溢出错误,因此使用模态缩减法简化矩阵以便于进行计算;其次,在高频振荡流体载荷的作用下,利用ANSYS Workbench的双向隐式迭代法计算管道系统的动力学特性;最后,建立带有节流孔板的管道系统有限元模型,研究了节流孔板对系统振动的抑制作用。计算结果表明节流孔板对输液管道系统的振动控制是非常有效的。     

基于流体动力学的弯管应力有限元分析

由直管弯制而成的弯管几何形状和结构复杂,在流体作用下受力复杂,准确的应力分析是进行强度计算和弯管设计的重要前提。使用ANSYS流体-固体有限元分析软件,建立了管内流体动力学分析和弯管结构应力三维分析模型,利用两种不同物理环境的转换,得出了弯管在流体不均匀压力作用下的应力分布,讨论了流量、弯管加工缺陷对弯管应力的影响。     

Computer simulations of the dynamic behavior of three point bend specimens

Computer simulations of the mechanical behavior of a three point bend specimen with a quarter notch under impact load are performed. Two cases with different load application points at the side and at the middle of the specimen are considered. An elastic-plastic von Mises material model is chosen. Three phases such as impact, bouncing and bending phases are found to be identified during the period from the moment of impact to the estimated time for crack initiation. The quasi static case is compared with the above two cases. It is clearly shown that no plastic deformation near the crack tip is appeared at the impact phase. However, it is confirmed that the plastic zone near the crack tip emerges in the second phase and the plastic hinge has been formed in the third phase i.e., at the end of which a quasi static state is reached.     

Effect of bend angle on plastic loads of pipe bends under internal pressure and in-plane bending

This paper quantifies the effect of a bend angle of a pipe bend on plastic loads, via small strain and large strain finite element (FE) limit analyses using elastic–perfectly plastic materials. To consider the effect of the attached straight pipe, two limiting cases are considered. One case corresponds to the pipe bend without the attached straight pipe, and the other to that with a sufficiently long attached straight pipe. For the former case, the FE results suggest that the limit load is not affected by the bend angle for both in-plane bending and internal pressure. For the latter case, however, the bend angle affects plastic loads. An interesting finding is that the plastic load smoothly changes from the limit load of the straight pipe when the bend angle approaches zero to the plastic load of the 90 pipe bend when the bend angle approaches 90. Based on such observations, closed-form plastic load solutions are proposed for the pipe bend with an arbitrary bend angle under in-plane bending and internal pressure.     

基于模态分析的电梯平衡系数空载测量法研究

电梯平衡系数作为电梯重要的特性参数之一,直接影响曳引驱动电梯的整机安全性能。该文通过分析对比现有电梯平衡系数检测方法,提出了一种基于模态分析的电梯平衡系数空载测量方法,通过采集电梯钢丝绳的振动频率,直接计算得出电梯的平衡系数。经过对试验样梯检测,验证了该方法的可行性,能更好地实现电梯平衡系数的测量。     

Dynamic behavior of lifting pipe with equivalent model under mining vessel heave motion

The lifting pipe is a key component of deep sea mining whose dynamic response directly affects the safety of the lifting operation. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of heave motion and sailing velocity of mining vessel and the buffer mass on the dynamic response of lifting pipe. First, an equivalent model of the lifting pipe was established, and the natural frequency and dynamic response of the lifting pipe equivalent model were determined with consideration of the wave action by the method of separated variables. Secondly, the reliability of the equivalent model was verified by simulating a 5000 m stepped pipe with OrcaFlex software. Then the dynamic displacement, axial tension, axial stress of the lifting pipe under different sea conditions and sailing velocities were studied, and the main factors affecting the dynamic response of the pipe described. By comparing the simulation results of actual and equivalent models, the equivalent model can be used to analyze the longitudinal vibration characteristics of the lifting pipe. The sailing velocity of the mining vessel has little effect on the dynamic response of the lifting pipe, but the surface wave has a significant effect.

     

Dynamic behavior of cracked pipe conveying fluid with moving mass based on timoshenko beam theory

In this paper we studied about the effect of the open crack and the moving mass on the dynamic behavior of simply supported pipe conveying fluid. The equation of motion is derived by using Lagrange’s equation and analyzed by numerical method. The crack section is represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting two undamaged pipe segments i.e. the crack is modeled as a rotational spring. The influences of the crack severity, the position of the crack, the moving mass and its velocity, the velocity of fluid, and the coupling of these factors on the vibration mode, the frequency, and the mid-span displacement of the simply supported pipe are depicted.     

基于Agent的映射的情感劝说行为产生模型

针对既有研究中对基于Agent的情感劝说过程中的动态变化因素量化不足的现状,将情感引入基于Agent的劝说行为产生模型.首先定义基于Agent的情感映射,结合层次分析法和Agent个性参数,建立基于个性化高斯混合模型(P-GMM)的Agent"个性—心情"映射模型;利用三维心情空间(PAD)和OCC模型,通过距离归一化...     

Pro/ENGINEER管道特征在空调管路设计中的应用及弯管尺寸标注方法

根据数控弯管机矢量弯管原理,利用Pro/ENGINEER管道特征对空调器管路进行3D建模以及2D投影图转换,并结合数控弯管机的弯管程序特性,提出一种合理的弯管尺寸标注方式,以便于生产过程中程序的编制及零件的检验,减少试弯次数,从而实现空调器管件的生产效率提高及生产成本降低.     

基于数字散斑相关法的弯管残余应力测量系统

为了测量圆形管件在弯曲后产生的残余应力的情况,提出了一种新的基于数字散斑相关法(DSCM)的残余应力测量方法并且搭建了对应的测量系统.利用该系统对90.弯管外圆弯曲处的残余应力进行了测量.使用电测法作为参考,验证了基于数字散斑相关法的测量方法能够有效测定弯管内残余应力的值.实验结果表明,该方法在保证一定的测量精度的同时能够大幅度地提高测量效率,为进一步研究残余应力对弯管工艺的影响提供了基础.     

基于负压波分析的油管检漏技术研究

通过对负压波产生、流体参数测量及波形模式识别原理的分析，阐述了采用负压波分析的方法对油管泄漏进行检测和诊断的可行性，并提出了与负压波分析相结合的上下文无关文法，最后举例说明了这种方法的实际应用。     

磁致伸缩纵向导波管道检测数值建模与分析

检测模型是磁致伸缩纵向导波检测技术发展的基石。现有磁致伸缩纵向导波检测模型存在不包含接收过程和不包含静态磁场计算等不足,难以满足设计优化接收传感器、增强导波检测信号等方面的研究需求。因此,以磁致伸缩纵向导波管道检测为背景,分析激励和接收过程中的控制方程,在此基础上建立了包括激励过程、声场传播和接收过程的有限元模型。分别采用仿真和实验分析了接收线圈的提离效应,仿真和实验结果吻合较好,验证了该数值模型的正确性。