VMD能量熵与随机森林相结合的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮故障的非线性、非稳定性特点和单个分类器在故障诊断中准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)和随机森林(RF)的齿轮故障识别方法。首先,采用变分模态分解将振动信号分解成有限个本征模态函数(IMFs),并与总体平均经验模态分解对比其分解效果;其次,计算各模态函数的能量熵,将能量熵作为评判齿轮状态的标准,构建特征向量;最后,将特征向量输入随机森林进行故障分类。结果表明,与支持向量机(SVM)识别方法对比,该方法具有较强的学习能力以及较高的诊断精度。     

基于加权排列熵和DE-ELM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号非平稳非线性的特征,提出一种基于加权排列熵和差分进化算法优化极限学习机(DE-ELM)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用自适应噪声的完全集合经验模态分解处理轴承振动信号得到固有模态函数(IMF),然后计算主要IMF分量的加权排列熵组成故障特征向量,最后利用差分优化算法(DE)优化极限学习机隐含层输入权值和偏置,并将故障特征向量作为DE-ELM的输入。实验证明,加权排列熵能够精确提取故障特征,DE-ELM算法能有效提高故障分类精度。与多种方法相比,该方法更加准确可靠。     

Early fault feature extraction of bearings based on Teager energy operator and optimal VMD

As the fault shock component in vibration signals is extremely sparse and weak, it is difficult to extract the fault features when large-scale, low-speed and heavy-duty mechanical equipment is in the early stage of failure. To solve this problem, an early fault feature extraction method based on the Teager energy operator, combined with optimal variational mode decomposition (VMD) is presented in this study. First, the Teager energy operator was used to strengthen the weak shock component of the original signal. Next, a logistic–sine complex chaotic mapping with variable dimensions was constructed to enhance the global search ability and convergence speed of the pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm, which is named the variable dimension chaotic pigeon-inspired optimization (VDCPIO) algorithm. Then, the VDCPIO algorithm is used to search for the optimal combination value of key parameters of VMD. The enhanced vibration signal is decomposed into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the optimized VMD, and then kurtosis for every IMF and mean kurtosis of all IMFs are extracted. According to the average kurtosis, several IMFs, whose kurtosis value is greater than the average kurtosis value, are selected to reconstruct a new signal. Then, envelope spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal is carried out to extract the early fault features. Finally, experimental verification of the method was performed using the simulated signal and measured signal from a rolling bearing; the experimental results indicate that the method presented in this paper is more effective to extract the early fault features of this kind of mechanical equipment.     

基于VMD和MRVM变负荷工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了能够对变负荷工况下的轴承早期故障及损伤程度进行准确有效的诊断,提出了基于改进混沌果蝇优化算法的变分模态分解(variable mode decomposition,简称VMD)和基于嵌套一对一算法的多分类相关向量机(multi-class relevance vector machine,简称MRVM)的智能诊断模型。首先,使用改进混沌果蝇优化算法(improved chaotic fruit fly optimization algorithm,简称ICFOA)对VMD的本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)个数和惩罚参数进行优化,搜索两个参数的最优组合值;其次,使用最优组合参数值对VMD算法的关键参数进行设定,并对已知的故障信号进行分解获得相应的IMF分量;然后,使用嵌套一对一算法构造高精度的多分类RVM学习模型,将IMF分量的二维边际谱熵值作为MRVM的输入特征向量;最后,使用不同载荷下的实验数据进行验证。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够准确地对变载荷工况下的轴承故障进行诊断,其中轴承故障类型的诊断精度为100%,轴承故障程度的诊断精度为91.87%,诊断精度较高,鲁棒性强。     

基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法，并定义了能量熵的概念。从不同状态的滚动轴承振动信号的能量熵值中发现，当滚动轴承发生故障时，各频带的能量会发生变化。为了进一步对滚动轴承的状态和故障类型进行分类，再从若干个包含主要故障信息的IMF分量中提取能量特征参数作为神经网络的输入参数来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。对滚动轴承的正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明，以经验模态分解为预处理器提取各频带能量作为特征参数的神经网络诊断方法比以小波包分析为预处理器的神经网络诊断方法有更高的故障识别率，可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类别。     

基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于EMD和信息熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。利用EMD将滚动轴承振动信号分解为多个IMF分量,计算各个IMF分量的信息熵,设定有效的熵阈值来取舍IMF分量,利用保留的IMF分量重构信号,并对重构信号进行Hilbert包络谱分析,提取滚动轴承故障特征频率。对实测滚动轴承振动信号分析表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率。     

Impact fault detection of gearbox based on variational mode decomposition and coupled underdamped stochastic resonance

In the gear fault diagnosis, the emergence of periodic impulse components in vibration signals is an important symptom of gear failure. However, heavy background noise makes it difficult to extract the weak periodic impulse features. Therefore, the paper presents an impact fault detection method of gearbox by combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) with coupled underdamped stochastic resonance (CUSR) to extract the periodic impulse features. First, the adaptive VMD is presented to decompose the vibration signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which can automatically determine the appropriate mode number according to the correlation kurtosis (CK) of decomposition results and extract the sensitive IMF component containing the main fault information. Next, the adaptive CUSR method is developed to analyze the selected sensitive IMF component, and the optimal system parameters are obtained by the genetic algorithm using the CK index as optimization objective function. Finally, the periodic impulse features are extracted by the output signal of CUSR system accurately. Experiments and engineering application verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed adaptive VMD-CUSR method for extracting the periodic impulse features in gear fault diagnosis compared to other methods.     

内燃机变分模态Rihaczek谱纹理特征识别诊断

针对内燃机故障诊断中振动响应信号强耦合、弱故障特征的问题,提出一种基于内燃机振动谱图纹理特征提取的故障诊断方法。首先,为了清晰地刻画内燃机振动信号时频联合分布中的非平稳时变分量,将变分模态分解(VMD)与Rihaczek复能量密度分布方法有效结合,得到了时频聚集性好、无交叉项干扰的内燃机振动谱图像;针对VMD分解过程中的参数选取问题,提出将功率谱熵作为目标函数,对VMD的分解参数进行网格寻优,提高了VMD分解的自适应性。为了实现对内燃机振动谱图像的自动识别及故障诊断,提出了改进的局部二值模式(ILBP)方法,用来对振动谱图中蕴含的纹理信息进行分析,提取低维特征参量并采用最近邻分类器对内燃机不同工况的振动谱图像进行模式识别。将该方法应用于内燃机故障诊断实例中,结果表明该方法能有效提取内燃机振动信号中的微弱故障特征,实现内燃机故障的自动诊断。     

VMD的AR模型和关联维数在齿轮故障特征提取中的应用

针对齿轮故障信号的非线性及常伴有大量噪声干扰的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)的自回归(AR)模型和关联维数相结合的故障特征提取方法.该方法采用VMD将齿轮振动信号分解为一系列固有模态函数(IMF),通过频域互相关系数准则选取对信号特征敏感的IMF分量进行信号重构,对重构信号建立AR模型,并以AR模型自回归参数...     

改进蝙蝠算法优化支持向量机的故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于变分模态分解（VMD）和时移多尺度散布熵（TSMDE）的故障特征提取结合改进的蝙蝠算法（IBA）来优化支持向量机（SVM）的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。通过变分模态分解,避免了模式混叠问题,提取各模态分量的散布熵构造故障特征向量,作为故障诊断模型的输入;提出了一种新的自适应速度权重因子用于构建改进的蝙蝠算法以优化支持向量机（IBA-SVM）,实现了对不同故障类型的轴承进行分类;利用实验数据对提出的诊断方法进行验证,并与用粒子群算法（PSO）优化支持向量机（PSO-SVM）的诊断方法进行对比。结果表明所提出的方法分类准确率更高,用时更少。     

盲VMD-Cepstral在轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承早期故障诊断困难的问题,从经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)以及包络谱出发,为解决EMD抗噪效果较差、具有端点效应等局限性,提出了盲变分模态分解(variational modal decomposition,简称VMD)-主成分分析(principal component analysis,简称PCA)-包络谱熵结合倒谱包络的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对滚动轴承的振动信号进行了变分模态分解;其次,对分解得到的分量进行PCA去相关处理;然后,对分量计算包络谱熵,选择熵值小于其平均值的分量进行信号重构;最后,对重构的信号进行倒谱包络分析。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取出滚动轴承的故障频率,从而判断出滚动轴承的损伤位置,并且具有良好的抗噪能力。     

基于EEMD奇异值熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

为充分利用振动信号进行故障辨识,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)奇异值熵判据的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对滚动轴承的振动信号进行EEMD分解获得若干个本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),并根据一种IMF分量故障信息含量的评价指标(即峭度、均方差和欧氏距离)选出能够表征原始信号状态的分量进行信号重构;其次,利用奇异值分解技术对重构信号进行处理,结合信息熵算法求取其奇异值熵;最后,利用奇异值熵的大小判断滚动轴承的故障类别。用美国西储大学滚动轴承振动信号对所述方法进行验证的结果表明,相比传统的EMD奇异值熵故障诊断方法,本方法能够清晰的划分出滚动轴承不同工作状态的类别特征区间,而且具有更高的故障诊断精度。     

基于最小熵解卷积-变分模态分解和优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于最小熵解卷积和变分模态分解以及模糊近似熵的故障特征提取方法,并采用优化支持向量机对故障进行识别分类。首先利用最小熵解卷积方法降低噪声干扰并增强故障信号中故障特征信息,进而对降噪后的信号进行变分模态分解,并利用模糊近似熵量化变分模态分解后包含故障特征信息的模态分量以构建特征向量,之后通过采用扩展粒子群算法优化惩罚因子和核函数参数的支持向量机,对故障样本训练并完成故障识别分类。将所提方法应用于滚动轴承不同损伤程度、不同故障部位的实验数据,验证了该方法的有效性。与基于局部均值分解的特征提取方法相对比,结果表明所提方法可以更精确地提取出滚动轴承故障特征,并能够更准确地完成不同故障的识别;通过与基于网格寻优算法优化的支持向量机方法和基于扩展粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机方法相对比,结果表明所提方法具有更好的分类性能,能达到更好的诊断效果。     

基于多特征参数和概率神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特性,提出了一种基于多特征参数和概率神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用经验模态分解（EMD）方法将采集到的滚动轴承原始振动信号分解为有限个固有模式函数（IMF）之和,然后提取表征故障信息的若干个IMF的能量、峭度和偏度作为概率神经网络的输入参数来进行故障分类。试验结果表明,该方法可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型,是一种可行的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。     

基于EMD和峭度的Hilbert包络解调在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用分析

针对直接运用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）无法有效提取具有非线性非平稳特性的滚动轴承振动信号故障特征频率的问题,提出了一种基于经验模式分解和峭度指标的Hilbert包络解调方法.首先对滚动轴承的振动信号进行了经验模式分解（EMD）,得到了包含轴承故障特征信息的各阶本征模态函数（IMF）,再计算各阶IMF的峭度值,选取了峭度值较大的几阶IMF分量重构信号,并对重构信号进行了Hilbert包络解调分析,从而获得了滚动轴承的准确故障特征信息.分别对仿真模拟信号和实际滚动轴承发生内圈故障的振动信号进行了分析,清晰地得到了故障特征频率.研究结果表明,利用融合EMD、峭度系数和Hilbert包络解调的诊断方法能够快速、准确地提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率,从而可以对滚动轴承进行有效地故障诊断.     

基于VMD和LSTM模型的航空液压管路卡箍故障诊断

航空发动机液压管路-卡箍系统中卡箍振动信号具有非线性和非平稳性的特点,难以从卡箍故障信号中准确识别出其故障类型。针对该问题,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)-长短时记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络模型的智能故障诊断方法。首先,利用遗传算法对VMD的模态分量k值和惩罚因子α进行参数优化;然后,将优化后的VMD对卡箍故障振动信号进行分解处理;最后,将分解后的模态分量输入LSTM网络中进行特征学习,从而实现卡箍故障的识别。实验表明:该方法实现了对卡箍螺栓松动状态、根部断裂状态、衬垫磨损等3种典型故障的精准识别,故障总体识别准确率能够达到98.5%以上,有效地提高了航空液压管路卡箍故障识别的准确率。     

Application of EEMD and improved frequency band entropy in bearing fault feature extraction

Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is widely used in condition monitoring of modern machine for its unique advantages. However, when the signal-to-noise ratio is low, the de-noising function of it is often not ideal. Thus, a new fault feature extraction method for rolling bearing combining EEMD and improved frequency band entropy (IFBE) is proposed, i.e., EEMD–IFBE. According to the problem of multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) generated by EEMD, how to select the sensitive IMF(s) that can better reflect fault characteristics, a novel method based on FBE for sensitive IMF is proposed. In addition, since the bandwidth parameter is set empirically when the band-pass filter is designed based on the original FBE, a novel bandwidth parameter optimization method based on the principle of maximum envelope kurtosis is proposed. First, the original vibration signal is subjected to EEMD to obtain a series of IMFs; Then, the FBE values are obtained for the original signal and each IMF component, and the bandwidth of the band-pass filter (empirically) is designed as the characteristic frequency band at the minimum entropy value, and the affiliation between the characteristic frequency band of each IMF and the characteristic frequency band of the original signal is compared, and then selecting the sensitive IMF(s) that reflects the characteristics of the fault; Third, due to the influence of background noise, it is difficult to accurately obtain the fault frequency from the selected IMF(s). Therefore, the band-pass filter designed based on FBE is used, and the bandwidth parameter is optimized based on the principle of envelope kurtosis maximum, and then the selected sensitive IMF is band-pass filtered. Finally, the envelope power spectrum analysis is performed on the filtered signal to extract the fault characteristic frequency, and then the fault diagnosis of the bearing is realized. The method is successfully applied to simulated data and actual data of rolling bearing, which can accurately diagnose fault characteristics of bearing and prove the effectiveness and advantages of the method.     

改进的布谷鸟算法优化极限学习机的石化轴承故障分类

针对通用的智能故障诊断方法在石化滚动轴承中准确率不理想的问题,提出一种通过改进的布谷鸟算法( CS )优化极限学习机( ELM )使诊断准确率提高的模型。将实测轴承振动信号降噪处理,计算不同嵌入维度下的关联维数作为 ELM 的输入信号;通过改进的布谷鸟算法获取极限学习机最优的隐含层偏置、输入权重,最后输出诊断结果。经过实验证明,该方法可以有效地克服测量信号时的干扰,可以对不同故障下的滚动轴承准确识别,并与多种模型对比,该方法的故障诊断准确率为 97.5% 。     

基于MCKD和改进HHT多尺度模糊熵的齿轮故障诊断方法

针对齿轮故障信号常伴有大量噪声,故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)和改进希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)多尺度模糊熵的故障诊断方法。首先采用MCKD算法对采集到的齿轮振动信号进行降噪处理,以提高信号的信噪比;然后利用自适应白噪声完备经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)对降噪后信号进行分解,获得一系列不同尺度的固有模态函数(IMF),并通过相关系数-能量的虚假IMF评价方法选取对故障敏感的模态分量;最后计算敏感IMF分量的模糊熵,将获得的原信号多尺度的模糊熵作为状态特征参数输入最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)中,对齿轮的故障类型进行诊断。实测信号的诊断结果表明,该方法可实现齿轮故障的有效诊断。     

优化VMD与CNN在齿轮箱故障诊断应用研究

针对齿轮箱的故障诊断的优化问题,提出了一种基于参数优化的变分模态分解（VMD）与卷积神经网络（CNN）相融合的故障诊断方法。该算法首先通过鲸鱼优化算法对VMD算法进行优化,之后通过正交实验法与粒子群优化算法进行了CNN模型中的重要参数进行优化,最后将分解后得到的固有模态分量输入CNN模型中进行训练学习。诊断完成后得到训练与检测结果,其中经过算法优化后CNN模型的训练与检测准确率可达98.7%与95.7%,优于未优化的准确率94.3%与91.8%。通过对结果的分析验证出该算法的可行性以及在诊断成功率方面的优越性,实现了故障特征信息的自适应性提取,并将故障类型进行分类,最终实现齿轮箱故障诊断的智能化。