短纤维增强熔体三维充模模拟及制品性能预测

基于气-液-固三相模型,给出了适用于三维流场的纤维质心虚拟速度、纤维平动与取向、动量交换源项的求解公式,建立了描述短纤维增强聚合物熔体充模过程的三维模型。采用同位网格有限体积法和Level Set界面追踪技术,实现了充模过程的三维动态模拟。并且,根据模拟计算出的平均取向角,提出了三维取向短纤维增强复合材料力学性能参数计算的一种简化模型。数值结果表明:三维模拟技术可有效反映注塑成型充模的流动过程和喷泉效应;纤维取向分析可量化显示纤维在型腔中的表层-芯层结构取向;弹性模量计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

纤维悬浮聚合物熔体中纤维影响的数值模拟

采用一种多尺度模型研究了纤维悬浮聚合物熔体的流动过程,通过宏观流体的流动状态、纤维所在尺度上的纤维取向表征和聚合物溶液大分子哑铃模型尺度上的哑铃概率分布三尺度信息,实现了纤维悬浮聚合物熔体流动控制方程和本构关系的三尺度共同表征。使用SIMPLER-FDMS算法对多尺度控制方程组进行了求解,并通过4∶1等温平板收缩流的数值模拟验证了该多尺度模型的有效性。通过对纤维浓度、纤维间相互作用以及纤维长径比的分析,研究了纤维参数对聚合物基熔体悬浮体系及纤维取向的影响。     

断裂纤维及工艺对纺粘法PP纤维直径的影响

采用弹性球-弹性杆的纤维运动模型,建立了纺粘法生产断裂纤维的运动方程;通过计算机数值模拟的方法分析了工艺参数对聚丙烯(PP)纤维直径的影响。实验表明,根据断裂纤维运动模型和方程预测的PP纤维直径与实测值吻合;聚合物挤出量越小,熔体温度越高,骤冷压力、气流初始温度和吸风速度越大,文丘里间隙适中时,纤维直径越小,有利于提高成网质量。     

纺粘法扁平狭缝牵伸器喷射流场的数值模拟

采用标准K-ε模型描述了纺粘法扁平狭缝流道牵伸器喷射流场的湍流运动,利用有限差分法对该模型求解。通过对6种纺粘法牵伸器喷嘴的喷射流场进行数值模拟,得到了相应的流场矢量图。分析流场矢量图发现,适当减小拉伸段宽度,增加喷射喷口长度,适当选择牵伸器喷口宽度和牵伸器的拉伸段长度,有利于提高气流速度,从而有利于对聚合物熔体进行气流拉伸,使纤维直径变细,提高纺粘法成网的质量。     

短纤维复合材料注射成型纤维取向数值模拟研究进展

综述了国内外短纤维复合材料注射成型过程中纤维取向数值模拟的研究成果,包括纤维取向的描述、复合体系流变模型、工艺参数对纤维取向的影响和纤维取向数值模拟状况.展望了该领域的发展趋势.     

微层共挤出过程层叠单元流道三维流场分析

采用Cross-WLF本构方程,建立了层叠单元流道短纤维填充聚合物注塑成型充填阶段三维黏弹数值模型,运用有限元法,对聚合物熔体在层叠单元流道中注塑流动过程进行数值模拟。研究了层叠单元流道中聚合物熔体的流动过程、剪切场分布以及微层剪切流场对短纤维填料的取向作用。结果表明:分流道结构的微小差异会引起聚合物熔体流动波前的不一致,但最终趋于平稳流动状态;聚合物熔体进入扭转、展宽、变薄的区域时,由于流道结构和尺寸突变,剪切速率急剧增大,影响了流动的稳定性;层叠单元流道的结构设计有利于聚合物熔体中短纤维的取向。     

基于纤维取向的纳米纤维滤料设计及其性能

通过基于霍夫变换的图像分析法获取静电纺纳米纤维取向分布信息,分析纤维取向对纳米纤维滤料性能的影响,并据此设计制备了中间为杂乱纤维层、两侧为相互垂直的取向纤维层构成的复合纳米纤维膜滤料。采用扫描电镜对纳米纤维膜形貌进行观察并获取SEM图像,进行了透气性、拉伸性能、孔径尺寸和过滤性能测试。结果表明,纳米纤维膜纤维分布方向拉伸断裂强度高,纤维取向各向异性比例理论值和实验值相吻合,纤维取向是影响纳米纤维膜力学各向异性的主要参数;取向纳米纤维膜滤料孔径较大且有许多微粒可逃逸的通道,其过滤效率和过滤阻力均较低,与文献中报道的数值模拟结果相一致;所设计制备的复合纳米纤维膜滤料结合了取向纳米纤维膜滤料力学性能优良和杂乱纳米纤维膜滤料过滤效率高的优点,其纵向和横向断裂强度分别为8.85MPa和8.71MPa,气流流速为25L/min时过滤效率高达99.691%。     

玄武岩纤维拉制过程的简化分析

分析了玄武岩纤维拉制的基本过程,应用特鲁顿拉伸定律和流体流动与传热原理,建立了玄武岩连续纤维拉制成形过程的简化数学模型,提出了数值模拟方法。在计算机上模拟研究了纤维拉力、漏嘴温度和半径等参数对纤维半径、纤维纵向温度和速度分布的影响,为纤维拉制过程的调控提供了基本数据。     

纳米导电纤维与导电炭黑并用填充硅橡胶胶料的流变性能

考察了纳米导电纤维（ＮａｎｏＦ）／导电炭黑填充硅橡胶胶料的流变性能。结果表明,在低剪切速率下,ＮａｎｏＦ的各向异性增加了硅橡胶分子链缠结点,阻碍其在流场中的取向,提高了胶料的表观粘度;在高剪切速率下,ＮａｎｏＦ的取向有助于硅橡胶分子链的取向运动,可降低胶料的表观粘度,改善胶料的加工性能。     

层叠单元流道对纤维取向作用的数值模拟

基于广义非牛顿流体本构方程,建立了纤维增强聚合物三维层叠单元流道注塑成型充填阶段数学模型,采用Moldex3D对短纤维增强复合材料在层叠单元流道中的注塑流动过程进行模拟,研究了层叠单元流道对纤维流动取向的影响。结果表明:入口处的纤维从开放领域进入较窄领域,取向呈随机分布状态;进入流道后,表层纤维取向度迅速提高;在接近流道出口处,纤维取向度降低,在出口截面的两侧和中间部分均出现了随机取向纤维。     

Effect of packing pressure on fiber orientation in injection molding of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics

Injection molding of fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites is increasing with demands of geometrically complex products possessing superior mechanical properties of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and high impact resistance. Complex state of fiber orientation exists in injection molding of short fiber reinforced polymers. The orientation of fibers vary significantly across the thickness of injection‐molded part and can become a key feature of the finished product. Improving the mechanical properties of molded parts by managing the orientation of fibers during the process of injection molding is the basic motivation of this study. As a first step in this direction, the present results reveal the importance of packing pressure in orienting the fibers. In this study, the effects of pressure distribution and viscosity of a compressible polymeric composite melt on the state of fiber orientation after complete filling of a cavity is considered experimentally and compared with the simulation results of Moldflow analysis. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:214–223, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical properties of short sisal fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites: Comparison of experimental data with theoretical predictions

Sisal fibers were used for the reinforcement of a polypropylene (pp) matrix. Composites consisting of polypropylene reinforced with short sisal fibers were prepared by melt‐mixing and solution‐mixing methods. A large amount of fiber breakage was observed during melt mixing. The fiber breakage analysis during composite preparation by melt mixing was carried out using optical microscopy. A polynomial equation was used to model the fiber‐length distribution during melt mixing. The experimental mechanical properties of sisal/PP composites were compared with existing theoretical models such as the modified rule of mixtures, parallel and series models, the Hirsch model, and the Bowyer–Baders model. The dependence of the tensile strength on the angle of measurement with respect to fiber orientation also was modeled. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 602–611, 2003     

Prediction of failure and fracture mechanisms of polymeric composites using finite element analysis. Part 2: Fiber reinforced composites

A robust finite element scheme for the micro‐mechanical modeling of the behavior of fiber reinforced polymeric composites under external loads is developed. The developed model is used to simulate stress distribution throughout the composite domain and to identify the locations where maximum stress concentrations occur. This information is used as a guide to predict dominant failure and crack growth mechanisms in fiber reinforced composites. The differences between continuous fibers, which are susceptible to unidirectional transverse fracture, and short fibers have been demonstrated. To assess the validity and range of applicability of the developed scheme, numerical results obtained by the model are compared with the available experimental data and also with the values found using other methods reported in the literature. These comparisons show that the present finite element scheme can generate meaningful results in the analysis of fiber reinforced composites.     

改善N-PP纤维加工性能的关键因素

探索了制备高等规度聚丙烯 (N-PP)高强纤维的加工条件 ,讨论了纺丝拉伸条件及原料的熔融指数 (MI )和等规度对 N -PP纤维的结构和性能的影响 ,发现采用降低卷绕丝取向度的方法可以改善 N-PP纤维的拉伸性。结果表明 :用 MI较低的 N -PP原料 ,在适宜的纺丝温度、缓冷的条件下 ,再配以一定的拉伸倍数及紧张热定型 ,可制得强度大于 7c N/ dtex的 N-PP高强纤维。     

熔融浸渍法制备PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料工艺及性能研究

采用特殊设计的天然纤维熔融浸渍模具制备黄麻长纤维颗粒,通过注塑工艺,制备了长黄麻纤维增强高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）复合材料。研究了纤维含量、浸渍模具温度对PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料力学性能、微观断面形貌的影响。结果表明,利用熔融浸渍工艺制备PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料,有效地保障了黄麻纤维的长度,可显著提高复合材料的力学性能;当黄麻纤维含量为45 %,浸渍模具温度为210 ℃时,PE-HD/黄麻纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最优,相对纯PE-HD分别提高了49.1 %和137 %。     

建筑增强用聚丙烯腈纤维的耐海水腐蚀性研究

模拟混凝土应用的海洋环境,在常温(25℃)、氯化物浓度为5610 mg/L的海水中对建筑增强用聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维进行浸泡处理,研究建筑增强用PAN纤维的耐海水腐蚀性,并与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)增强纤维和聚丙烯(PP)增强纤维进行对比。结果表明:海水浸泡50 d后,建筑增强用PAN纤维的主要吸收特征峰无明显变化,且无新的吸收特征峰出现,纤维超分子结构变化较小,晶区取向度基本保持不变,结晶度略有增加;海水浸泡50 d后,建筑增强用PAN纤维的拉伸强度为1261 MPa、降幅0.63%,初始模量为18.6 GPa、增幅8.14%,其拉伸强度与PET增强纤维相当、约为PP增强纤维的1.8倍,初始模量约是PET增强纤维的1.4倍、PP增强纤维的3.2倍;建筑增强用PAN纤维、PET增强纤维、PP增强纤维的拉伸强度耐蚀系数分别为99.4%,99.2%,100.0%,建筑增强用PAN纤维的耐海水腐蚀性介于PP增强纤维和PET增强纤维之间,但其在海水中环境中具有优异的模量保持优势,可以更好地提高混凝土在海水环境中的耐受力。     

Effects of polyamide 6 incorporation to the short glass fiber reinforced ABS composites: an interfacial approach

The properties of 30 wt% short glass fiber (SGF) reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer and polyamide 6 (PA6) blends prepared with extrusion were studied using the interfacial adhesion approach. Work of adhesion and interlaminar shear strength values were calculated respectively from experimentally determined interfacial tensions and short beam flexural tests. The adhesion capacities of glass fibers with different surface treatments of organosilanes were evaluated. Among the different silanes tested, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) was found to be the best coupling agent for the glass fibers, possibly, because of its chemical compatibility with PA6. Tensile test results indicated that increasing amount of PA6 in the polymer matrix improved the strength and stiffness of the composites due to a strong acid–base interaction at the interface. Incorporation of PA6 to the SGF reinforced ABS reduced the melt viscosity, broadened the fiber length distributions and increased the toughness of the composites. Fractographic analysis showed that the incorporation of PA6 enhanced the interactions between glass fibers and the polymeric matrix.     

Modeling and simulation of fiber‐reinforced polymer mold‐filling with phase change

A gas‐solid‐liquid three‐phase model for the simulation of fiber‐reinforced composites mold‐filling with phase change is established. The influence of fluid flow on the fibers is described by Newton's law of motion, and the influence of fibers on fluid flow is described by the momentum exchange source term in the model. A revised enthalpy method that can be used for both the melt and air in the mold cavity is proposed to describe the phase change during the mold‐filling. The finite‐volume method on a non‐staggered grid coupled with a level set method for viscoelastic‐Newtonian fluid flow is used to solve the model. The “frozen skin” layers are simulated successfully. Information regarding the fiber transformation and orientation is obtained in the mold‐filling process. The results show that fibers in the cavity are divided into five layers during the mold‐filling process, which is in accordance with experimental studies. Fibers have disturbance on these physical quantities, and the disturbance increases as the slenderness ratio increases. During mold‐filling process with two injection inlets, fiber orientation around the weld line area is in accordance with the experimental results. At the same time, single fiber's trajectory in the cavity, and physical quantities such as velocity, pressure, temperature, and stresses distributions in the cavity at end of mold‐filling process are also obtained. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42881.     

Formation mechanism of high-pressure water penetration induced fiber orientation in overflow water-assisted injection molded short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene

Recently, there has been growing interest in water-assisted injection molding (WAIM) not only for its advantages over gas-assisted molding (GAIM) and conventional injection molding (CIM), but also for its great potential advantages in industrial applications. To understand the formation mechanism of water penetration induced fiber orientation in overflow water-assisted injection molding (OWAIM) parts of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (SGF/PP), in this work, the external fields and water penetration process within the mold cavity were investigated by experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that the difference of fiber orientation distribution in thickness direction between WAIM moldings and CIM moldings was mainly ascribed to the great external fields generated by water penetration. Besides, fiber orientation depended on the position both across the part thickness and along the flow direction. Especially in the radial direction, fiber orientation varied considerably. The results also showed that the melt temperature is the principal parameter affecting the fiber orientation along the flow direction, and a higher melt temperature significantly facilitated more fibers to be oriented along the flow direction, which is quite different from the results as previously reported in short-shot water-assisted injection molding (SSWAIM). A higher water pressure, shorter water injection delay time, and higher melt temperature significantly induced more fibers to be orderly oriented in OWAIM moldings, which may improve their mechanical performances and broaden their application scope.