氢氧化钠的乙醇溶液对聚酯纤维的碱处理

用乙醇为溶剂的氢氧化钠溶液对聚酯纤维进行碱处理,所获得的减量率比在相同浓度、时间和温度条件下用氢氧化钠水溶液处理的要高。处理后纤维的性能不依赖于处理液中溶剂的成分,因此,采用乙醇作溶剂可大大缩短处理时间,得到与水相碱处理同样的效果。     

改性鱼鳞基多级孔碳对水溶液中六价铬离子的吸附研究

本文研究了鱼鳞基多级孔碳以及乙二胺改性鱼鳞基多级孔碳的吸附行为。研究了不同浓度乙二胺溶液对改性效果的影响。实验结果表明,乙二胺改性鱼鳞基多级孔碳提高了其对六价铬离子的吸附效果,其中浓度为20%乙二胺溶液改性的鱼鳞基多级孔碳效果最好,最大吸附量为322.6mg/g。乙二胺改性鱼鳞基多级孔碳能将水溶液中的六价铬离子还原成低毒性的三价铬离子。研究表明,乙二胺改性鱼鳞基多级孔碳在含铬废水的处理中具有潜在的应用前景。     

改性广西柑橘皮生物吸附剂对水溶液中重金属Pb~(2+)吸附工艺研究

以广西柑橘皮(OP)为原料,经乙醇、氢氧化钠皂化处理,得改性柑橘皮生物吸附剂(SOP),经乙醇、氢氧化钠、氯化镁皂化交联处理,得改性柑橘皮生物吸附剂(MgOP)。研究OP、SOP、MgOP对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附性能,并考察pH、温度、吸附时间、固液比4种因素对水溶液中Pb2+吸附率的影响。在此基础上,利用正交实验研究了MgOP对水溶液中Pb2+的最优吸附工艺条件。结果表明,MgOP对水溶液中Pb2+的最优吸附工艺条件为:pH 6,温度20℃,吸附时间60 min,固液比8 g/L。在此条件下,MgOP对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附率为97.4%。     

改性广西柑橘皮生物吸附剂对水溶液中重金属Pb^2＋吸附工艺研究

以广西柑橘皮（OP）为原料,经乙醇、氢氧化钠皂化处理,得改性柑橘皮生物吸附剂（SOP）,经乙醇、氢氧化钠、氯化镁皂化交联处理,得改性柑橘皮生物吸附剂（MgOP）。研究OP、SOP、MgOP对水溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附性能,并考察pH、温度、吸附时间、固液比4种因素对水溶液中Pb^2＋吸附率的影响。在此基础上,利用正交实验研究了MgOP对水溶液中Pb^2＋的最优吸附工艺条件。结果表明,MgOP对水溶液中Pb^2＋的最优吸附工艺条件为：pH 6,温度20℃,吸附时间60 min,固液比8 g/L。在此条件下,MgOP对水溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附率为97.4%。     

改性涤纶碱胺同浴碱处理

探讨了改性涤纶碱胺同浴碱处理的工艺条件及处理后纤维的性能及表面形态。结果表明 :改性涤纶碱胺同浴碱处理的最佳工艺条件为 :乙二胺 2 % (OWF) ,氢氧化钠 2 8% (OWF ) ,温度 70℃ ,时间 6 0m in,在此条件下使得改性涤纶的碱减量率控制在 15 %～ 2 0 %时 ,对纤维的力学性能及热稳定性影响不大 ,而使纤维表面形成了深一层的凹槽 ,为改性涤纶的进一步舒适性整理打下良好的基础     

亚乙基双二硫代氨基甲酸二钠合成的研究

在30~40℃水溶液中,乙二胺与二硫化碳反应,制备出二硫代氨基甲酸中间体即亚乙基双二硫代氨基甲酸,然后与48%氢氧化钠溶液反应,制备出亚乙基双二硫代氨基甲酸二钠水溶液,该水溶液是一种农药杀菌剂。     

对称性硫脲的绿色合成工艺

以乙二胺、二硫化碳为原料,在水中“一锅法”合成亚乙基硫脲（ETU）,收率达到99%以上,纯度达到99%以上。利用NMR、FTIR对产物结构进行了确证。考察了二硫化碳滴加温度、乙二胺与二硫化碳物质的量比、回流反应温度、回流反应升温速率及氢氧化钠反应段氢氧化钠的用量对亚乙基硫脲收率、纯度的影响。结果表明：最佳合成工艺条件是,二硫化碳滴加温度为30 ℃;n(乙二胺)∶n(CS2)=1∶1.2;回流反应温度为65~70 ℃,回流反应升温速率0.17 ℃/min;氢氧化钠反应段氢氧化钠的用量为乙二胺质量的3.0%。以此合成方法为模板,又合成了1,3-二乙基硫脲（DETU）和四氢-2（1H）-嘧啶硫酮（PUR）,经中试验证表明,工艺稳定可靠,产品收率、纯度均达到99%以上,母液可循环套用。     

聚酯纤维表面改性的研究进展

随着工业技术和现代科技的发展,聚酯纤维材料的改性和产业应用日益受到人们的关注,并且成为纺织新产品开发的一个重要方向。综述了近年来聚酯纤维等离子体处理、碱处理、胺处理、表面接枝、光化学处理、生物法及微胶囊法等改性技术的研究进展。     

亲水改性聚酯纤维的生产技术现状及市场前景

简述了纤维亲水-速干改性的基本原理,详细介绍了亲水改性聚酯纤维及织物的生产技术现状、产品市场前景。目前已经工业化生产的亲水改性聚酯纤维及织物总体上是通过化学、物理改性方法得到,具体的改性技术主要是共聚熔体改性直接纺丝、熔融共混直接纺丝、纤维表面改性(包括形态结构改性与表面接枝改性以及亲水性油剂上油处理),以及聚酯纤维织物的纤维素离子溶液表面改性、酶水解表面处理等。这些改性技术及相关产品将在直接纺涤纶民用长丝、直接纺涤纶棉型短纤维、非织造布以及技术纺织品等领域发挥升级换代、开拓市场的作用,符合聚酯纤维产业链可持续发展战略。     

两种化学预处理方法对小麦秸秆纤维素的影响

纤维素在小麦秸秆中含量丰富,但因其结晶度高而不易改性。以小麦秸秆为原料,采用NaOH/硫脲/尿素水溶液法和乙二胺法分别对小麦秸秆纤维素进行预处理,采用正交实验对2种化学预处理方法进行优化,通过FTIR、XRD对红外光谱、结晶度、晶型的测定,比较了2种化学预处理方法对小麦秸秆纤维素的影响。结果表明,采用优化的NaOH/硫脲/尿素水溶液法(NaOH、硫脲、尿素的质量分数分别为8%、7%、6%),能使纤维素结晶度降低51%,晶型由纤维素Ⅰ变为纤维素Ⅱ;而采用优化的乙二胺法[乙二胺质量分数70%、液固比16∶1(mL∶g)、处理温度40℃、处理时间4h],纤维素结晶度仅降低36%,且晶型未变,仍为纤维素Ⅰ。     

NaOH/尿素冷冻活化木材纤维的工艺研究

利用NaOH/尿素混合水溶液在冷冻条件下对木材纤维进行活化处理,通过无胶胶合压制纤维板的力学性能测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及X射线衍射分析表征了木材纤维的冷冻活化效果。结果表明：冷冻条件下NaOH/尿素的混合水溶液对木材纤维具有一定的活化效果,优选的活化工艺为NaOH和尿素的总质量（NaOH与尿素质量比为7：12）与木材纤维质量比为1：12,冷冻温度-15℃,冷冻时间1.0 h,木材纤维含水率20%。木材纤维经NaOH/尿素混合水溶液冷冻活化后,所得无胶胶合板材的静曲强度和内结合强度分别由未处理的32.16和0.29 MPa提高至45.53和1.21 MPa,吸水率和厚度膨胀率由未处理的53.95%和22.57%降低至43.62%和10.34%。傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射表征发现,NaOH/尿素混合水溶液的冷冻活化破坏了木材纤维中纤维素的氢键结构,促使了纤维素I型晶格扩张,产生了新的结晶变体,使分子缔合程度变小,木材纤维表面的羟基活性增强。     

黄麻纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂初步研究

以油酸为偶联剂,将氢氧化钠-油酸处理后的黄麻纤维布作为填充材料制备了不饱和聚酯复合材料,并对氢氧化钠处理黄麻纤维的适宜浓度、复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、吸水率进行了研究测试。结果表明:氢氧化钠的适宜浓度为20%,黄麻纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂的冲击强度及拉伸强度最大值分别为12.75 kJ/m2和33.05 MPa,复合材料的最大吸水率为4.07%。经油酸处理的黄麻纤维可有效提高不饱和聚酯复合材料的性能。     

Effects of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide on polyester fabrics

The results of a comparison between the effects of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics are presented. Calcium hydroxide can produce weight‐loss effects similar to an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The effects of some treatment variables on weight loss, fiber diameter, bending rigidity, and strength of yarns taken from fabrics are examined. The results are explained in terms of current views of polyester alkaline hydrolysis. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 631–637, 1999     

Improving the Adhesive Property of Polyester Fabric with Sodium Hydroxide and Corona Discharge Treatment

In this study, polyester fabric was treated with sodium hydroxide combined with corona discharge to modify the surface properties. This was done to improve its adhesive property to ensure effective sizing with starch under different conditions. Scanning electron microscopy photographs showed that the surface of polyester fiber was etched more by the combined process than that by either corona discharge treatment or sodium hydroxide treatment. The results showed that the adhesive property of polyester fabric with starch was improved as a result of the treatment with sodium hydroxide or by corona discharge. However, fabric treated by the combined methods showed even better results. This study shows great potential for applying corona discharge in the sizing process of polyester staple yarn.     

Induced superabsorbency in polyester fiber

Modified polyester fibers are considered as a significant part of the polyester produced throughout the world due to the new properties and also reduced undesirable properties, compared to non-modified polyester fibers. In this study, the modification of polyester fiber properties was evaluated for its superabsorbency. The fibers obtained superabsorbency by their treatment with a special latex prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. Different polymer latexes based on acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid were prepared using inverse emulsion polymerization. Chemical bond (or hydrogen bond) was formed between the functional groups of the fiber surface and functional groups present in the polymer latex by heating. The modified fibers were characterized by swelling, mechanical, morphological, and thermal measurements. The effect of several modifications of parameters such as latex type, AM content in latex, aquatic-organic phase ratios of latex, modification time and modification temperature on the swelling properties of fibers were investigated. Water absorption of the unmodified fiber was 1.5 g/g which increased up to 75 g/g, significantly. This considerable development in hydrophilic characteristics of polyester fibers has led to water blocking of the fiber. Such modification did not have adverse effects on the tensile properties or thermal resistance of the polyester fiber.     

辐射接枝改性聚酯纤维吸湿性的研究

经间甲酚浸泡溶胀后,采用二苯甲酮(BP)的丙酮溶液浸泡,紫外光辐射接枝改性聚酯纤维的吸湿性,研究了辐射接枝条件对纤维回潮率的影响。结果表明:当溶胀剂质量分数为40%,溶胀时间为2.0 h,溶胀温度为60℃,BP丙酮溶液的浓度为0.20 mol/L、浸泡时间为1.0 h,紫外光照时间为2 0 h,丙烯酸浓度为0.58 mol/L时,聚酯纤维的回潮率由0.40%提高至3.04%。     

Physical properties of polyester fibers degraded by aminolysis and by alkalin hydrolysis

Permeant degradation affects the brittleness, flexural fatigue, and ultimate tensile properties of polyester fibers more drastically than topochemical degradation. Topochemical degradation was obtained by hydrolysis with aqueous NaOH and permeant degradation by aminolysis with aqueous ethylamine. Treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide appears to leave the polyester fiber surfaces more resistant to abrasion damage.     

Ⅰ型热致液晶聚芳酯纤维的耐酸碱性

用硫酸和氢氧化钠溶液对Ι型热致液晶聚芳酯(TLCPAR)纤维进行处理,研究了不同浓度和处理时间对TLCPAR纤维的影响。试验结果表明:氢氧化钠处理不会改变纤维的化学结构,硫酸处理会使纤维表面发生氧化;经过酸碱处理后,TLCPAR纤维表面出现了刻蚀现象。当硫酸质量分数小于40%、氢氧化钠质量分数小于20%时,处理180 min后,TLCPAR纤维强度保持率均在80%以上,表明TLCPAR纤维具有较好的耐酸碱性能。     

Effect of ammonium salts on poly(ethylene terephthalate) materials

The study of the effect of solutions of ammonium salts of low concentrations on polyester fibre material showed that modification of the material with ammonia formed by thermal hydrolysis of ammonium salts differs from modification with ammonia obtained by the reaction of equimolar quantities of ammonium nitrate and sodium hydroxide and is similar to the process that takes place when ammonia is added to the working solution. Of the salts examined, ammonium fluoride in the concentration of 0.02–0.35 M at 130°C and 30-min process time is the most active modifying agent. In these conditions, ammonium fluoride and the products of its high-temperature hydrolysis — hydrogen fluoride and ammonia — have the strongest catalytic effect on hydrolysis of cyclic oligomers with formation of their linear form. On the whole, ammonium fluoride has a stronger modifying effect on polyester material than aqueous ammonia. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 17–21, January–February, 2007.     

罗布麻纤维的改性及染色性能的研究

罗布麻纤维经氢氧化钠改性后，纤维的聚合度、结晶度和取向度都有不同程度的下降，氢氧化钠浓度由低变高．染料在纤维上的上染率有明显提高，与未改性纤维相比各类染料在纤维上的上染率分别提高16．2％-34．3％碱改性还能使麻纤维产生物理化学变化和结构的变异，这使麻纤维的回弹性和柔软度得到改善，抗皱性能提高．大大改变了其制品的服用性能