Gd2O3掺杂CeO2-δ固体电解质的电化学性能研究

利用交流阻抗技术(EIS)测试了Gd2O3掺杂CeO2-δ固体电解质的电导率.当测试温度低于695℃时,阻抗谱由2个变形的半圆弧组成;而高温时仅有1个变形的半圆弧.固体电解质的晶格电导率、晶界电导率和总电导率与测试温度的关系服从Arrhenius公式.材料的电导率随成型压力的增大先增大,然后减小.随烧结温度的升高,材料电导率是升高的.     

中低温高电导率CeO2基电解质的研究进展

综述了中低温下高电导率CeO2基电解质材料研究的最新进展,重点评述了双掺杂和纳米复相提升CeO2基电解质材料电导率和抑制电子电导的机理,并指出了未来CeO2基电解质材料的发展方向。     

碳酸氢铵-氨水-草酸共沉淀法制备微米稀土CeO2工艺的研究

以碳酸氢铵-氨水-草酸(AAO)为共沉淀剂对氯化铈进行了沉淀实验,研究了反应温度、物料浓度、搅拌速率、陈化时间等因素对草酸盐粒度的影响;探讨了较佳的条件:AAO共沉淀法,陈化时间60min,CeCl3浓度1.6mol/L,搅拌速率650r/min,反应时间3h,焙烧温度800℃,AAO的pH为5～6,制备了微米级氧化铈,为其工业化提供参考。     

掺杂TiO2粉体共沉淀包膜过程中的热力学研究

为了精确控制共沉淀包膜法制备掺杂TiO2粉体的反应条件,本文通过对Men+(Ni2+、La3+、Fe3+、Al3+)在NaHCO3-NH3.H2O体系中离子沉淀反应平衡的热力学分析,得到了Men+-CO32--NH3.H2O体系中不同总氨浓度cN和总碳浓度cC时各金属离子总浓度与pH值的关系图,并由此确定了金属离子完全沉淀的最佳pH值.热力学分析表明,以NaHCO3-NH3.H2O作为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀包膜法制备掺杂TiO2粉体时,当cN=0.010 mol/L和cC=1.000 mol/L时,反应的适宜沉淀pH为9.0左右.     

CeO2掺杂制备Ba0.9Ca0.1Ti1-xSnxO3压电陶瓷的结构及电性能

采用传统的陶瓷烧结技术,通过添加0.15%(摩尔分数)CeO2,在1120℃烧结2h,成功制备了新型无铅压电陶瓷Ba0.9 Ca0.1 Ti1-x Snx O3,并且检测了陶瓷样品的微结构和电性能.XRD显示所有陶瓷样品均具有纯的钙钛矿结构,在室温下为典型的四方相,SEM显示适量添加锡离子可以提高陶瓷致密性.在室温下,锡离子改性的BaTiO3基压电陶瓷在x=0.02处显示了优异的压电、介电和铁电性能(d33=276 pC/N,kp=46%,εr=3678,tanδ=2.4%,Pr=18.2μC/cm2,EC=1.12 kV/mm).这些优异的检测结果证实适当添加锡离子能改善BaT iO3基压电陶瓷的电性能.     

凹凸棒土负载CeO2-La2O3复合材料制备表征及催化性能

以凹凸棒土(ATP)为载体, 以Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O和La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O为原料, 以C₆H₁₂N₄(HMT)为沉淀剂, 采用均相沉淀法制备了不同铈镧比的CeO₂-La₂O₃/ATP(Ce:La=9:1~3:7, 摩尔比, 下同)复合材料。用TG-DSC、 TEM、 XRD和FTIR对所制备复合材料的微观结构和形貌进行表征, 并分别考察不同铈镧比和H₂O₂添加量对酸性品红模拟废水脱色降解的影响。结果表明, 当Ce:La=5:5时, CeO₂-La₂O₃固溶体颗粒均匀分布在ATP表面, 颗粒尺寸为5~10 nm。随着铈镧摩尔比的增加, 酸性品红的降解率呈先增后减的趋势, 且当Ce:La=5:5、 H₂O₂为10 mL、 酸性品红浓度为100 mg/L时, 降解效果最好, 300 min后的最大降解率达82%。     

碳化铈水解氧化法制备CeO2纳米粉

提出了一种可大规模制备CeO2纳米粉的有效方法.用碳化铈水解氧化制得颗粒大小为3~5 nm的CeO2纳米粉.研究了各种实验参数包括水解温度、反应时间和投料比对CeO2纳米粉比表面积的影响.结果表明:较低的水解温度(室温附近),较高的投料比(1:20(g/mL))和适当的反应时间(18 h)可得到比表面积为149 m2/g的CeO2纳米粉.优化实验参数(水解温度为30℃,水解时间为18 h,投料比为1:20(g/mL),滤饼在空气中80℃烘干4 h)得到中间产物Ce(OH)3和目标产物CeO2,并用XRD、TEM、SAED及紫外可见光分光光度计进行测试表征.发现Ce(OH)3是由大量长为50~100 nm,直径为5~20 nm的纳米棒组成.CeO2纳米粉具有较高的紫外吸收性能和较好的催化CO性能.     

CeO2掺杂ZnO厚膜的制备及气敏性能的研究

采用sol-gel法制备ZnO及CeO2掺杂量分别为6%、7%和8%(质量分数)的ZnO粉体。通过XRD、SEM对材料的表面形貌和结构进行表征。研究了掺杂量对粉体制备的影响。采用静态配气法对该粉体制成的气敏元件进行测试,结果表明,在工作温度仅为85℃的条件下,7%(质量分数)CeO2-ZnO气敏传感器对饱和丙酮蒸汽的灵敏度最高达9634,响应时间为3s,恢复时间为2s;在较低浓度2.0×10-4时灵敏度也可达30左右。并对丙酮气敏传感器的气敏机理进行了进一步探讨。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备CeO2防紫外膜

用溶胶-凝胶法在普通玻璃基片上成功制备了CeO2防紫外薄膜。采用交叉镀膜的方法,将TiO2膜层作为缓冲层,成功制备了不同膜层配比的防紫外膜。实验表明,不同膜层配比,紫外线透过率及可见光透过率均不同,在一定范围内,随着CeO2溶胶浓度增大,紫外吸收能力增大,溶胶的陈化时间对薄膜紫外屏蔽性能影响不大。     

CeO2-ZrO2介孔材料的制备与性能研究进展

概述了汽车尾气净化指标的各种要求,指出了CeO2-ZrO2(CZ)粉体在汽车尾气净化三效催化剂应用的原理、优点及最新研究成果。介绍了介孔材料的制备方法,详细分析了介孔CZ材料的判断依据。将近十几年来有关CZ介孔材料的研究历史和文献结果进行了仔细分析和对比,并将文献报道的产物划分为三大类,指出了CZ介孔材料较难合成的原因,分析了解决的途径和原理,介绍了本课题组提出的一种新的合成介孔CZ的思路。     

Application of nanostructured Ca doped CeO2 for ultraviolet filtration

Calcium doped CeO₂ nanoparticles with doping concentrations between 0 and 50 mol% were synthesized by a co-precipitation method for ultraviolet filtration application. Below 20 mol% doping concentration, the samples were single-phase. From 30 mol%, CaCO₃ appears as a secondary phase. The calculated CeO₂ mean crystallite size was 9.3 nm for the pure and 5.7 nm for the 50 mol% Ca-doped sample. Between 250 and 330 nm, the absorbance increased for the 10, 30, and 40 mol% Ca-doped samples compared to the pure one. The band-gap was found to be 3.20 eV for the undoped, and between 3.36 and 3.51 eV for the doped samples. The blue shifts are attributed to the quantum confinement effect. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the Ce³⁺ atomic concentration in the pure sample was higher than that of the 20 mol% Ca-doped sample.     

Structural analysis of Sm doped nanocrystalline Mg–Cd ferrites prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method

The structural properties of polycrystalline Sm³⁺ doped Mg_1 − xCd_x Fe₂O₄ (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) have been investigated by oxalate co-precipitation method from high purity sulphates. The samples were sintered at 1050 °C for a duration of 5 h. The X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel structure. The different parameters like lattice constant, X-ray density, physical density, porosity, crystallite size, site radii and bond length on tetrahedral and octahedral sites have been calculated. The lattice constant increases with an increase in Cd²⁺ content and shows non linear behavior. The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer formula and varies from 28.69 to 32.05 nm. Physical densities were obtained by Archimedes principle. The surface morphology studied by scanning electron microscope shows that the grain size of the samples increases with an increase in Cd²⁺ content. The IR spectra show two strong absorption bands around 5.87 × 10⁴ m^− 1 and 4.27 × 10⁴ m^− 1 on the tetrahedral and octahedral sites respectively. IR spectra also show that Sm³⁺ occupies the octahedral B-site.     

Rare-earth (Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Y) enhanced CeO2 solid solution nanorods prepared by co-precipitation without surfactants

Rare-earth doped CeO₂ solid solution nanorods were successfully prepared via a simple co-precipitation method without surfactants at room temperature and pressure. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of the doping contents, pH values, aging times and the precipitation agents on the structure and morphology were investigated. We found that the yield and uniformity of the nanorods were significantly improved by doping with optimum contents of Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd or Y. The intrinsically anisotropic structure of the rare-earth hydroxides is the driving force for the growth of the nanorods. Raman spectra show a great increase in oxygen vacancy concentrations on the doped CeO₂ solid solutions compared with that of pure CeO₂.     

Epitaxial Growth of CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 Buffer Layers on Textured Ni Substrates for YBCO Conductors

CeO₂/YSZ/CeO₂ buffer layers were deposited on textured Ni substrates by in situ pulsed laser deposition. The out-of-plane texture and in-plane texture of the buffer layers were characterized by X-ray diffraction ω-scans and ϕ-scans. Using this CeO₂/YSZ/CeO₂ architecture as the buffer layers, high quality YBCO films with a zero-resistance T _c about 90 K and a self-field critical current densities J _c above 10⁶ A/cm² at 77 K can be obtained on Ni substrates.     

Co掺杂CeO2稀磁氧化物陶瓷和纳米颗粒的铁磁性能

分别采用固相烧结法及激光液相烧蚀(LAL)技术,成功制备出Co掺杂CeO_2稀磁氧化物陶瓷块体和纳米颗粒。XRD和SEM研究发现所制备的材料具有良好的结晶性和形貌。Co掺杂CeO_2稀磁氧化物陶瓷块体和纳米颗粒均为多晶立方结构,与纯立方相的CeO_2结构相同,说明Co掺杂未形成其他结构和杂相。磁性测量表明固相烧结法和激光烧蚀液相法制备的Co掺杂CeO_2样品均具有较高的室温铁磁性,且远高于文献中报道的结果。将陶瓷块材经激光烧蚀成纳米颗粒后,纳米颗粒的铁磁性与陶瓷块材保持一致。这说明激光烧蚀法制备的纳米材料可以很好地保持母材的特性,是一种很好的纳米颗粒制备方法。根据XRD和SEM研究结果,笔者认为Co掺杂CeO_2陶瓷块材及纳米颗粒的室温铁磁性是内禀性质;磁性产生的机理源于氧空位诱导的铁磁性耦合。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of CeO2 nano-octahedrons

CeO₂ nano-octahedrons were synthesized with a facile hydrothermal synthesis process where Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O and urea were used as a cerium resource and mineralizer respectively and no surfactant or template was applied. The effects of synthesis parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, as well as the dosages of Ce (NO₃)₃·6H₂O and urea were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were conducted to characterize the crystalline and morphology of the obtained CeO₂ powders. The optimal reaction condition to prepare the CeO₂ of the desired fluorite structure was established. The possible mechanism of synthesis of CeO₂ with a nano-octahedron morphology was illustrated.     

Growth and structure of epitaxial CeO2 films on yttria-stabilized ZrO2

Thirty to a hundred-nm thick epitaxial CeO₂ layers are grown on YSZ (100), (110) and (111) surfaces of yttria-stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) by electron beam evaporation of Ce in oxygen at reduced pressure. Their growth, structure and thermal stability are studied with several bulk and surface sensitive techniques including Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, cross-sectional high resolution electron microscopy, low energy electron diffraction and low energy reflection electron microscopy. Excellent epitaxy is obtained on all YSZ surfaces at a growth temperature of 750 K. The surfaces of films grown on (111)-oriented substrates are flat, whereas those on the other substrates are faceted into small (111) planes. The grain sizes in the films are in the 10 nm range and smaller.     

Study of local environment of Ag in Ag/CeO2 catalyst by EXAFS

The combustion synthesized Ag/CeO₂ catalysts have been characterized by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the Ag K-edge. It has been found that Ag⁺ like species is present in 1% Ag/CeO₂ catalyst, whereas mostly Ag metal clusters are found in 3% Ag/CeO₂. The analysis of EXAFS spectra indicates that about one oxygen atom is coordinated to Ag central atom at a distance of 2.19 Å in 1% Ag/CeO₂ catalyst along with eight coordinated AgAg bond at 2.86 Å. The AgO bond is absent in 3% Ag/CeO₂.     

Comparison of the electrochemical behavior of CeO2–SnO2 and CeO2–TiO2 electrodes produced by the Pechini method

CeO₂–SnO₂ and CeO₂–TiO₂ thin films were prepared by the Pechini method and their characteristics were compared, using a fractional factorial design to quantify the effect of five preparation variables. It was observed that CeO₂–SnO₂ electrodes show a greater electrochemical response than the CeO₂–TiO₂ films. The best intercalation charge densities were 18.11 and 9.91 mC/cm² for CeO₂–SnO₂ and CeO₂–TiO₂, respectively. Both films were optically inactive with transparencies, in most cases, higher than 90%.