茶渣微晶纤维素的制备及表征

以茶渣为原料,采用盐酸水解法制备茶渣微晶纤维素。通过单因素试验研究了酸解时间、酸解温度、盐酸浓度及料液比对微晶纤维素得率、聚合度和结晶度的影响,采用正交试验优化了工艺参数,并运用X-射线衍射和红外光谱对微晶纤维素产品进行表征。试验结果表明:最佳制备工艺条件为酸解温度95℃、盐酸质量分数8%、酸解时间90 min、料液比1∶16(g/mL)。各因素对得率影响的显著性为:酸解温度盐酸浓度酸解时间料液比;在此条件下,茶渣微晶纤维素产品的得率为54.34%,聚合度为128;X-射线衍射和红外光谱分析表明,茶渣微晶纤维素与原纤维素材料结构一致,结晶度达67.77%,晶粒尺寸为3.98 nm,晶型为纤维素Ⅰ型。     

毛笋壳制备微晶纤维素的工艺分析

以毛笋壳粗纤维为原料,采用酸法处理制备微晶纤维素。通过单因素和正交实验,确定酸法制备毛笋壳微晶纤维素的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶20,酸浓度3%,酸解温度65℃、作用时间40 min,该条件下微晶纤维素得率为63.07%,溶胀性为2.14,聚合度为123,性能良好,具有较好的应用前景。     

咖啡果壳微晶纤维素制备及其吸附性能研究

目的：利用咖啡果壳制备高吸附能力微晶纤维素。方法：用酸解法制备咖啡果壳微晶纤维素,考察酸解时间、酸解温度、盐酸质量分数和料液比对微晶纤维素得率和吸附能力的影响。结果：咖啡果壳微晶纤维素的最佳制备工艺为酸解时间95 min,盐酸质量分数16%,料液比（m_{咖啡果壳纤维素}∶V_酸）1∶22 （g/mL）,酸解温度60 ℃,该工艺条件下咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率为80.08%,对香精的吸附能力为0.89 g/g。结论：料液比对咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率影响最大,酸解温度对其吸附能力影响最大,优化工艺得到的咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率高,吸附能力强。     

玉米秸秆微晶纤维素的制备及其性质

以玉米秸秆为原料,研究其提取制备微晶纤维素的工艺及产品性能。探讨酸解温度、硫酸体积分数、酸解时间对微晶纤维素聚合度及得率的影响,并对微晶纤维素的理化性质进行了分析。结果表明:玉米秸秆微晶纤维素最佳制备工艺条件为:反应温度85℃,硫酸体积分数8%,水解时间90 min,此时制得微晶纤维素聚合度为292,纯度92.6%,得率76.48%,结晶度为74.5%。在此条件下,玉米秸秆微晶纤维素在保留形态结构的同时具有较高的结晶度和热稳定性,具备较好的应用性能和价值。     

沙蒿微晶纤维素制备工艺及性质研究

采用酸水解法制备沙蒿微晶纤维素(MCC),通过单因素试验考察了料液比、盐酸浓度、酸解温度、酸解时间各因素对沙蒿MCC得率与聚合度的影响,利用响应面法优化沙蒿MCC的制备工艺,并对制备的MCC进行了结构性能分析。得到最佳MCC制备条件为:料液比1:30 (g/mL),盐酸质量分数15%,酸解温度70℃,酸解时间60 min。该条件下,沙蒿MCC的得率为85. 14%,聚合度为182. 7,结晶度为72. 85,膨胀力为12. 5 mL/g,持水力为13. 875 g/g,其性能良好,是理想的膳食纤维。     

响应面试验优化芦笋茎秆微晶纤维素的制备工艺

以芦笋茎秆为原料,采用稀酸水解法制备微晶纤维素。以微晶纤维素得率为指标,对试验中酸水解条件盐酸质量分数、料液比和水解温度进行优化,并在单因素试验基础上通过响应面试验选出最优的制备工艺条件。结果表明:在水解时间60 min时,制备芦笋茎秆微晶纤维素的最佳工艺条件为盐酸质量分数6%、料液比1︰20(g/m L)、水解温度95℃,此条件下微晶纤维素得率达到43.57%。     

酶法制备大豆皮微晶纤维素及其理化特性

采用纤维素酶水解法制备大豆皮微晶纤维素,研究加酶量、酶解pH值、温度、时间、液料比等因素对大豆皮酶解产物中微晶纤维素(MCC)含量的影响,确定了大豆皮微晶纤维素制备的最佳工艺条件：料液比1:20(g/mL),加酶量1%,反应pH4.8,酶解温度47℃,酶解时间1h。通过理化特性和电镜扫描分析表明,制备的大豆皮MCC的平衡聚合度、持水性和表观黏度等理化特性与台湾明台商品MCC接近,且大豆皮MCC电镜扫描结构疏松,比表面积较大,从微观结构上解释了大豆皮MCC吸水后的溶胀体积较大,对肠道产生的容积作用较强,据此推断大豆皮MCC对加强肠蠕动、促进体内垃圾的排泄有更好的效果。     

响应面试验优化苹果渣微晶纤维素制备工艺

研究利用苹果渣纤维素制备微晶纤维素的方法过程。在水解时间50min、水解温度100℃条件下,采用响应曲面设计法设计、分析,研究酸水解纤维素制备微晶纤维素时,各因素料液比、盐酸质量分数和次氯酸钠添加量及3因素间两两交互作用对微晶纤维素得率的影响。结果表明,各因素对得率影响的显著性表现为盐酸质量分数＞料液比＞次氯酸钠添加量。分析等高线和响应面,得出各因素两两之间的交互作用对得率都显著。通过求解回归方程得出最佳工艺条件为料液比1:25(g/mL)、盐酸质量分数6%、次氯酸钠添加量2.5mL/100mL,此条件下微晶纤维素制备得率达到69.5%。     

胡萝卜渣微晶纤维素的制备

以胡萝卜渣为原料,采用酸水解法制备微晶纤维素,考察了酸浓度、酸解时间以及酸解温度对微晶纤维素得率的影响。通过单因素和正交试验结果分析确定优化工艺条件,并对制备的微晶纤维素性能进行分析。结果表明:优化的工艺条件是,酸浓度为6%、酸解时间60min、酸解温度80℃,微晶纤维素的得率为33.8%。     

甘蔗渣微晶纤维素制备及其性能研究

以甘蔗渣提取的天然纤维素为原料,制备微晶纤维素,考察了磷酸浓度、酸解时间以及酸解温度对微晶纤维素得率的影响。通过单因素和正交试验结果分析确定优化工艺条件,并对制备的微晶纤维素性能进行分析。结果表明:各因素对微晶纤维素制备的显著性表现为酸浓度>酸解温度>酸解时间,优化的工艺条件是,磷酸浓度为0.76 M、酸解时间65.37 min、酸解温度69.32℃,微晶纤维素的得率为87.3±0.18%。其持水力、溶胀性、结合水力分别7.42±0.25 mL·g~(-1)、5.51±0.12 mL·g~(-1)、5.85±0.15 g·g~(-1)。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press