豌豆皮膳食纤维吸附性质和抗氧化性质的研究

比较了三种通过不同方法制备的豌豆皮膳食纤维PIDF(豌豆皮不溶性膳食纤维)、PSDF1(木聚糖酶制得的豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维)、PSDF2(纤维素酶制得的豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维)的吸附性质和抗氧化能力,豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维对脂肪、胆酸钠、胆固醇的吸附能力明显高于豌豆皮水不溶性膳食纤维,而PSDF1对脂肪和胆固醇的吸附能力高于PSDF2的吸附能力;在抗氧化能力方面,豌豆皮水溶性膳食纤维抗氧化能力也明显高于豌豆皮不溶性膳食纤维,而且PSDF2清除DPPH·、·OH自由基能力高于PSDF1,但是PSDF1的还原能力、螯合铁离子能力高于PSDF2。      

江蓠藻膳食纤维吸附脂肪、胆固醇和胆酸钠的研究

比较江蓠藻水溶性膳食纤维、水不溶性膳食纤维和总膳食纤维对脂肪、胆固醇和胆酸钠的体外吸附作用.结果表明,3种膳食纤维对脂肪、胆固醇和胆酸钠均有一定的吸附作用,其中,江蓠藻水溶性膳食纤维对于胆固醇和胆酸钠的吸附能力大于另2种膳食纤维,对脂肪的吸附作用,江蓠藻水不溶性膳食纤维也要强于另2种膳食纤维.说明江蓠藻膳食纤维能减少机体对膳食中脂肪、胆固醇的摄入.     

梅州金柚柚皮膳食纤维的理化性质分析

本文采用酶法对金柚中总膳食纤维、水溶性膳食纤维、水不溶性膳食纤维分别进行提取,并对其结构、理化性质以及肠道功能进行评价。结果表明:金柚柚皮中总膳食纤维含量为65.72%,其中可溶性、水不溶性膳食纤维的得率分别为15.13%%和43.21%;总膳食纤维结构为多孔珊瑚状,水溶性膳食纤维表面有多处孔洞,水不溶性膳食纤维结构较平整;三者均含有丰富的葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖;水不溶性膳食纤维的持水力和膨胀力较好,分别为6.68 g/g和27.61 g/g;在2.5 mg/mL和10 mg/mL的体系中,水溶性膳食纤维抑制葡萄糖扩散效果更好,为0.11mg/(mL·h);水不溶性膳食纤维对α-淀粉酶抑制效果最好,此时α-淀粉酶活性为93.90%;水溶性纤维破坏胆固醇能力最强,分别为7.20%和9.40%。同时,水溶性膳食纤维具有更优越的DPPH·清除能力和铁离子还原能力。通过酶解法制得的柚皮膳食纤维有较好的理化性质,可以作为优良的食品添加剂在食品中应用。     

纤维素酶改性榨菜皮膳食纤维的理化性质的研究

采用纤维素酶对榨菜皮粗纤维进行改性,分析了在不同温度和p H条件下改性榨菜皮膳食纤维理化性质的变化。结果表明,改性纤维中水溶性膳食纤维含量增加了80.02%,不溶性膳食纤维含量下降9.76%;改性榨菜皮膳食纤维的持水力、吸水膨胀力及NO2-吸附能力均显著提高（p<0.01）;改性纤维阳离子交换能力与粗纤维差异显著（p<0.01）,并在60℃达到最大值0.657mmol/g;p H7时改性纤维胆固醇吸附能力比p H2时吸附能力强。形貌结构分析显示改性纤维粒径更小,更加疏松,有较大的空腔和裂缝,但主要成分及化学结构没有受到明显的影响。      

四种玉米皮膳食纤维的组分对其吸附等功能性质影响的研究

研究玉米皮膳食纤维的组分不同对其功能性质的影响。采用四种(水不溶性、水溶性、水溶性与水不溶性比例为1∶3和含游离阿魏酸)玉米皮膳食纤维(分别记作A、B、C、D)在中性条件(pH 7,模拟小肠环境)和酸性条件(pH 2,模拟胃环境)下对吸附胆固醇、亚硝酸根离子、清除羟自由基等效果进行试验研究。结果对胆固醇的吸附中性条件优于酸性条件的效果,且C>D>B>A;对亚硝酸根离子的吸附,酸性条件优于中性条件,且A>C>D>B;对清除羟自由基,D>C>B>A。得到结论为,四种玉米皮膳食纤维均可吸附胆固醇、亚硝酸根离子和清除.OH,且受膳食纤维的组分及酸碱环境影响。     

三种膳食纤维的抗氧化活性及主要吸附能力的比较研究

以小麦膳食纤维(DF1)、雷竹笋膳食纤维(DF2)和青竹膳食纤维(DF3)为原料,进行体外实验,测定其清除羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)的能力、还原能力、螯合铁离子能力、在亚油酸体系中的总抗氧化能力。同时研究膳食纤维对脂肪、胆固醇、亚硝酸根离子和胆酸钠的吸附能力。结果表明,膳食纤维的清除羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、O2-自由基、螯合铁离子、还原能力和总抗氧化能力DF1DF2DF3,在亚油酸体系中的抗氧化活性DF2DF1DF3;对亚硝酸根离子和胆酸钠的吸附能力DF1DF2DF3,对脂肪的吸附能力DF2DF1DF3,对胆固醇的吸附能力DF2DF3DF1。说明这三种膳食纤维都具有良好的抗氧化活性和吸附能力,可作为很好的功能产品开发原料。     

米糠饼粕膳食纤维理化性质的研究

通过对米糠饼粕膳食纤维的含量、持水力、结合脂肪的能力、乳化能力及粘度的测定可知:在本实验条件下,米糠饼粕总膳食纤维的含量为61·7%(水溶性膳食纤维15·4%,不溶性膳食纤维46·3%),可溶性膳食纤维和不可溶性膳食纤维的比例达到1∶3。与麦麸比较,米糠饼粕膳食纤维具有较高的持水力和结合脂肪的能力,持水力值和结合脂肪值分别是5·30mL/g和3·75mL/g。      

玉米皮膳食纤维对反式脂肪酸致高脂血症小鼠脂代谢的影响

研究玉米皮膳食纤维对反式脂肪酸所致小鼠高脂血症的影响。采用反式脂肪酸饲料诱导建立小鼠高脂血症模型,分别给予低、中、高三种剂量3种玉米皮膳食纤维（水溶性、水不溶性/水溶性、水不溶性）。反式脂肪酸的摄入导致小鼠体质量、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指数显著增加（p <0.01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低（p <0.01）。玉米皮膳食纤维干预能够降低小鼠高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,提高小鼠体质量、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、等指数,且高剂量SDF/IDF=1∶3的玉米皮膳食纤维干预组以上指标与反式脂肪酸组对比,差异均非常显著（p <0.01）,效果最好。     

发芽对绿豆皮膳食纤维结构及性质的影响

为研究发芽对绿豆皮膳食纤维结构及功能性质的影响,采用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析和电子显微镜扫描等方法测定其结构,并对其持水力、持油力、膨胀力、阳离子交换能力、吸附葡萄糖能力、吸附胆固醇能力和吸附NO2 － 能力等功能性质进行对比研究。结果表明：发芽处理后绿豆皮中总膳食纤维含量增加3.40%,可溶性膳食纤维增加13.62%。发芽绿豆皮膳食纤维的持水力、持油力、膨胀力明显提高,分别达到（6.97±0.32）、（4.93±0.10） g/g、（4.79±0.11） mL/g,阳离子交换能力略有降低,为（0.47±0.02） mmol/g,吸附葡萄糖能力增加,为（8.37±0.18） mmol/g,吸附胆固醇能力增加,为（2.23±0.11） mg/（mL·g）,吸附NO2 － 能力有所降低,为（3.92±0.09） mg/g。扫描电子显微镜结果表明,发芽可使绿豆皮膳食纤维表面出现更多孔隙和褶皱,有利于膳食纤维吸附能力的提高;X射线衍射结果表明,发芽没有改变绿豆皮膳食纤维的结晶度,较好地保留了膳食纤维的结晶区和非结晶区;傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,发芽没有破坏绿豆皮膳食纤维的官能团结构。绿豆经发芽处理后改善了绿豆皮膳食纤维的大部分功能性质,较好地保留了其结构,有利于绿豆副产物的开发利用。     

菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的单糖组分分析及理化性质研究

以干菠萝皮渣为原料,采用酶法提取菠萝皮渣中的可溶性和不溶性膳食纤维,通过气相色谱法分析所提膳食纤维的单糖组成,并对其理化性质进行研究。结果表明,菠萝皮渣可溶性膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维均含有阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖6种单糖,理化性质表明菠萝皮渣可溶性膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维均具有较好的持水力、持油力和溶胀性,同时对胆固醇也有一定的吸附能力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the