棉籽剥壳工艺技术探讨

对棉籽剥壳技术在实际生产中的应用情况进行了研究,比较了传统一次剥壳工艺和循环剥壳工艺的特点,对主要工序的工艺和设备进行了论述.通过对剥壳和仁壳分离的分析,选用循环剥壳工艺和仁壳分离关键设备,采用合理的风选分离系统,使壳中的仁和籽得到充分分离,显著降低了壳中含油,提高了剥壳效率,节约了生产成本.     

坚果利器

坚果不愧是“坚”果，果壳坚硬，不借助工具要去壳吃果还真有些费时费力。用坚果利器来帮忙吧，只需一点巧劲就能轻易地剥壳了。     

棉籽剥壳分离设备比较与选用

棉籽是仅次于大豆的重要油料作物，近年来国家对于棉籽蛋白的开发和利用也给与了巨大的重视。棉籽的剥壳分离工序对随后的几个工序以及棉籽蛋白的开发影响很大，现有的棉籽剥壳分离工艺与设备已不能适应生产发展的需要。最近几年我国的油脂科技人员进行了孜孜不倦的研究实验，革新开发了多种剥壳与仁壳分离设备并应用于生产中，但棉籽榨油与棉籽蛋白的开发对棉籽的剥壳与仁壳分离的要求是不同的，棉籽蛋白开发对仁壳分离后的仁中含壳要求很低，而棉籽榨油对仁中含壳要求不高，在选用剥壳分离设备时，一些厂家还存在一定的模糊认识，为此提出…     

FJY·5 0×1分级圆筛、BKD·50×50刀笼剥壳机的设计及工艺效果

该两设备是全国制油设备选型、定型项目之一,主要用于花生果分级和剥壳的。 根据全国制油设备选型、定型、标准化会议精神,为了使定型设备技术上先进,经济上合理,调查了全国各类型花生剥壳设备的使用情况和工艺效果,发现所有剥花生的设备都存在着要剥壳率高、整仁率就低,为了提高花生果的剥壳工艺效果,提出了分级剥壳新工艺,采用分级圆筛把花生果分成大、小果两级、然后分别进入大、小果格剥壳机剥壳。     

完善棉籽剥壳及仁壳分离工艺条件

对棉籽剥壳及仁壳分离工艺条件进行了探讨，结合本厂实际，对原装设备进行改造，使改造后的工艺达到了仁中含壳小于4.5%的先进水平。     

棉籽剥壳机的研究现状及发展对策

分析了棉籽剥壳技术在国内的研究现状、几种棉籽剥壳方法及剥壳机械的工作原理和结构特点,以及棉籽剥壳机械在发展中遇到的问题,针对遇到的问题,提出了一些解决的建议。     

一种连续式对虾剥壳装置的设计与试验研究

提出一种连续式对虾剥壳方案,确定对辊啮角是影响对虾剥壳效果的主要因素,研制相应的连续式对虾剥壳装置,对其结构参数进行优化,并进行相关试验研究。结果表明,随着对虾厚度的减小,虾仁损失率逐渐增加,而代表剥壳成功率和剥壳难易程度的感官评分逐渐增大,因此确定了剥壳对虾的分级级别为82~100只/kg,以充分保证剥壳成功率;随着旋转速度的增大,虾仁损失率和感官评分都是先逐渐降低后又有所增长,因此确定辊组旋转速度45r/min;随着旋转角度的增大,虾仁损失率也随之增大,旋转角度太小,虾肉与虾皮粘连严重,剥壳失败,因此确定辊组旋转角度270°/234°,保证对虾剥壳成功的前提下,虾仁损失率最低。连续式对虾剥壳装置提高了对虾剥壳的效率,同时为后续样机的研制提供了依据。     

香榧坚果中油脂和蛋白质的研究进展

香榧坚果营养物质丰富,是深受人们喜爱的名贵干果。近来从香榧坚果中发现多种生物活性成分,引起了从商者和研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了香榧坚果中油脂和蛋白质的研究现状,对香榧坚果脂肪酸的组成、油脂的研究内容及方法、油脂的功能特性及蛋白质进行了总结,并从油体蛋白的角度对香榧坚果中油脂和蛋白质的相互影响进行了简要讨论,以期为更好地开发利用香榧坚果资源提供方法和思路。     

莲子加工工艺与剥壳原理的分析研究

文中介绍了国内莲子剥壳的传统工艺、莲子物理特性、新式高温脆化剥壳工艺及其加工设备的结构参数的选择。     

介绍几种葵花籽、菜籽剥壳工艺

分离油料籽之纤维素构成的外壳要根据油籽粒外壳的强度和壳与仁的质量高低而进行。目前葵花籽剥壳设备类型较多,而菜籽脱皮设备类型则较少,其中有的剥壳技术虽曾被提出过,但未实现工业化生产。本文介绍几种葵花籽脱壳工艺和菜籽脱皮工艺。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the