Development of three-dimensional numerical model for combustion-flow in interior ballistics

Interior ballistics analysis is required for the development of the gun system. Interior ballistics is a complex phenomenon containing the propellant combustion and gas flow and is completed in tens of milliseconds during gun firing. Thus, some data cannot be directly measured by experiment. Numerical analysis is therefore traditionally used to understand the complex gun firing phenomena. In previous studies, the two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical method for interior ballistics using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach has been developed. There are some limits in depicting the actual phenomena with two-dimensional models. Therefore, a three-dimensional numerical model has been built in the present study. Unlike the conventional method, the calculation has been conducted by separating the physical phenomena into the combustion part and the flow part for simplicity and efficiency. The internal flow in the gun barrel has been calculated by using the STAR-CCM+ and the source terms produced by the propellant combustion has been computed by utilizing the existing code. The developed numerical model has been compared with the AGARD gun results and the simulation of 40 mm gun firings. The reliability of the developed model has been confirmed because the results of the numerical analysis greatly agree with the simulation results. The basis of the three-dimensional analysis of the interior ballistics has been formed through this study.     

三种内夹层双层舱壁结构的数值仿真

反舰导弹在侵彻进入舰艇装甲内部时, 爆炸产生冲击波和飞散破片对人员和舰艇内部设备具有严重毁坏性. 研究了三种不同内夹层结构形式的双层舱壁结构: X型与六边形组合夹层结构、 十字型蜂窝夹层结构以及细胞增长型蜂窝夹层结构. 采用ANSYSY/LS-DYAN模拟了自锻破片对三种不同舱壁结构的侵彻过程. 根据破片的速度衰减和靶板的能量变化可知, 十字型蜂窝夹层结构的双层舱壁结构最适合作为舱壁的中间结构, 并对其动态响应特性进行了分析.     

复合材料纤维叠层织物弹道侵彻数值分析

采用非线性动态显式有限元分析软件ANSYS 10.0/LS-DYNA,模拟了弹头侵彻纤维叠层织物的过程,得到了子弹速度历时图、子弹动能损失历时图、靶板应力历时图、靶板冲击变形演化图等.采用罚函数方法,重点分析了在中高速弹头侵彻过程中,织物的变形演化过程和破坏形式以及织物中应力的发生及传播过程,并进一步分析不同的弹头形状、不同的子弹速度及不同叠层层数,对织物的抗弹性能的影响,验证了复合材料抗弹性能的速度效应.研究对复合材料弹靶科研试验,生产验收,质量评定等有重要参考价值.     

Spectral analysis methods for vehicle interior vibro-acoustics identification

Noise has various effects on comfort, performance and health of human. Sound are analysed by human brain based on the frequencies and amplitudes. In a dynamic system, transmission of sound and vibrations depend on frequency and direction of the input motion and characteristics of the output. It is imperative that automotive manufacturers invest a lot of effort and money to improve and enhance the vibro-acoustics performance of their products. The enhancement effort may be very difficult and time-consuming if one relies only on ‘trial and error’ method without prior knowledge about the sources itself. Complex noise inside a vehicle cabin originated from various sources and travel through many pathways. First stage of sound quality refinement is to find the source. It is vital for automotive engineers to identify the dominant noise sources such as engine noise, exhaust noise and noise due to vibration transmission inside of vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to find the vibro-acoustical sources of noise in a passenger vehicle compartment. The implementation of spectral analysis method is much faster than the ‘trial and error’ methods in which, parts should be separated to measure the transfer functions. Also by using spectral analysis method, signals can be recorded in real operational conditions which conduce to more consistent results. A multi-channel analyser is utilised to measure and record the vibro-acoustical signals. Computational algorithms are also employed to identify contribution of various sources towards the measured interior signal. These achievements can be utilised to detect, control and optimise interior noise performance of road transport vehicles.     

重水箱内壁热——机耦合应力分析

用有限元方法对重水箱内壁的有助和无助两种模型作了热－机耦合应力研究,并对结果作了充分和合理的分析,最终得到了重水箱内壁加肋必要性的结论。     

Investigation of a nonlinear dynamic hydraulic system model through the energy analysis approach

The dynamics of a pressure regulator valve have been studied using the through Bondgraph simulation technique. This valve consists of several elements that can transmit, transform, store, and consume hydraulic energy. The governing equations of the system have been derived from the dynamic model. In solving system equations numerically, various pressure-flow characteristics across the regulator ports and orifices have been taken into consideration. This simulation study identifies some critical parameters that have significant effects on the transient response of the system. The results have been obtained using the MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is its ability to model the nonlinear behavior of the hydraulic resistance of system elements as a function of the fluid flow rate.     

基于传递路径分析的车内噪声源识别

简述了车内噪声的产生机理和传递路径分析试验的基本原理.针对某国产试制SUV在怠速和三档急加速工况下车内噪声偏大的问题,建立传递路径分析模型,进行传递路径分析试验.根据试验结果识别出车内噪声的主要传递路径,找出主要传递路径贡献量大的具体原因.最后提出降低车内噪声的修改建议,为降低车内噪声提供依据.     

Numerical analysis of plume characteristics and liquid circulation in gas injection through a porous plug

Two phase flows have been numerically calculated to analyze plume characteristics and liquid circulation in gas injection through a porous plug. The Eulerian approach has been used for formulation of both the continuous and dispersed phases. The turbulence in the liquid phase has been modeled using the standardk−ɛ turbulence model. The interphase friction coefficient has been calculated using correlations available in the literature. The turbulent dispersion of the phases has been modeled by the “dispersion Prandtl number”. The predicted mean flows is compared well with the experimental data. The plume region area and the axial velocities are increased with the gas flow rate and with the decrease in the inlet area. The turbulent intensity also shows the same trend. Also, the space-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for various gas flow rates and inlet areas has been obtained. The results are of interest in the design and operation of a wide variety of materials and chemical processing operations.     

Numerical analysis of 3-D flow through LNG marine control valves for their advanced design

A numerical analysis of three dimensional incompressible turbulent flows through high pressure drop control valves was carried out by using a CFD-ACE code to develop anti-cavitation control valve used in LNG marine system. For this, numerical simulation was performed on several models of control valve that have different orifice diameters of anti-trim and the size of valve discharge. In this study, flow characteristics of control valves with complex flow fields including pressure drop, cavitation effect and variation of flow coefficient as well as correlation of discharge coefficient were investigated and analyzed. Comparing with conventional control valves, newly designed valves by using the CFD analysis showed an improved flow pattern with reduced cavitation and an anticipated performance characteristic. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.     

车内空腔声学模态试验与仿真分析

以某中型商用车为研究对象,基于LMSTest．Lab模态分析系统对车内空腔进行了声学模态试验与分析,获取了声学模态频率和模态振型,将声学模态与结构模态频率作对比,可以避开关键频率的声固耦合,减少低频噪声,同时建立该车空腔的有限元模型,进行了声学模态的仿真计算,为车内噪声的研究提供了参考,对改善其车内声学特性具有一定的指导意义。     

Probabilistic analysis of rattle occurrence in the gap of automotive interior parts

An efficient approach is developed to evaluate probability of rattle occurrence in the gap of automotive interior parts under forced vibration, in which the probabilistic analysis is conducted by employing the combined modal sensitivity and Monte-Carlo simulation of frequency responses. Design sensitivity analysis technique is applied to obtain the first-order approximation of the modal response. Monte-Carlo simulation is applied to generate random samples of eigen pairs due to the variability of input parameters, which are used to obtain the frequency responses via modal superposition technique. To calculate the probability of rattle occurrence, a rattle index is introduced, defined as by the overlapped area of the displacements at the points in potential contact. Commercial code NASTRAN is employed for the modal frequency response and its sensitivity using the SOL 111 and SOL 200, respectively. For the illustration of the method, a simple problem with two cantilever beams with small gap is considered. Probabilistic frequency response analysis is conducted with the thickness and material properties being random variables. The probability of rattle occurrence is evaluated and its accuracy is examined by comparing with that by the crude Monte-Carlo simulation.     

汽车内后视镜支架有限元模型的分析与评价

汽车内后视镜支架性能是影响汽车后视野稳定性的重要因素,基于Abaqus对后视镜支架进行分析计算,得出其改进方案,并首次提出汽车后视镜支架有限元模型分析的评价方法.     

路面激励下的车内低频噪声预测及分析

建立汽车车身结构及车内声腔的有限元模型,并分别对其进行模态分析,获取该车车身结构和车内声腔的模态特性;建立整车多体动力学模型,进行动力学仿真分析,获取路面激励下悬架与车身连接点处的激振力,作为车内耦合声场分析的振源。对车身结构-车内声腔的耦合系统进行车内声场分析,预测低频范围内的车内耦合声场分布和车内场点频率响应曲线。根据分析结果,分别对车内场点声压贡献较大的车身板件提出结构改进方案,从而实现了车内降噪,并提高乘坐舒适感。     

Numerical simulation of trailed vortex alleviation through chipped wingtip shapes

The shedding of strong vortices generated during take-off and landing poses serious hazards for the following aircraft. To circumvent the vortex wake hazard, a chipped wingtip shape was suggested, and a series of numerical simulations were conducted to verify the conceptual validity of such shape. Numerical simulation was performed by using the incompressible Navier-Stokes solver with the pressure-based semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations algorithm. The Reynolds stressmodel was employed to evaluatethe turbulence effects.The trailed vortices of the chipped wingtip shapes were found to be more dissipative than those of the baseline wingtip shape. The counter-rotating vortices produced by the chipped wingtip shape can weaken the primary wingtip vortex strength in the far field. Regardless of the slightly increasing the drag, the chipped wingtip shape can successfully mitigate the tangential velocity of the vortices. These types of wingtip shapes had various design parameters, such as the aspect ratio, spacing, and area of each chip. Systematic numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the effect of these parameters. According to the parametric study results, the aspect ratio was sensitive to the increase in the drag coefficient, and the area was susceptible to the moment coefficient. Evidently, a trade-off relationship existed between the tangential velocity reduction and the drag increase.     

Simulation on a car interior aerodynamic noise control based on statistical energy analysis

How to simulate interior aerodynamic noise accurately is an important question of a car interior noise reduction. The unsteady aerodynamic pressure on body surfaces is proved to be the key effect factor of car interior aerodynamic noise control in high frequency on high speed. In this paper, a detail statistical energy analysis (SEA) model is built. And the vibra-acoustic power inputs are loaded on the model for the valid result of car interior noise analysis. The model is the solid foundation for further optimization on car interior noise control. After the most sensitive subsystems for the power contribution to car interior noise are pointed by SEA comprehensive analysis, the sound pressure level of car interior aerodynamic noise can be reduced by improving their sound and damping characteristics. The further vehicle testing results show that it is available to improve the interior acoustic performance by using detailed SEA model, which comprised by more than 80 subsystems, with the unsteady aerodynamic pressure calculation on body surfaces and the materials improvement of sound/damping properties. It is able to acquire more than 2 dB reduction on the central frequency in the spectrum over 800 Hz. The proposed optimization method can be looked as a reference of car interior aerodynamic noise control by the detail SEA model integrated unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and sensitivity analysis of acoustic contribution.     

具有内力的3PRS/UPS冗余并联机床刚度分析

冗余结构可以提高并联机床的刚度,冗余机构在运动中由于各支链的误差使得机构会产生干涉内力,旨在研究内力对冗余并联机床刚度的改善作用,为靠内力提高并联机床性能提供理论基础.首先采用能量法推导了3PRS/UPS冗余并联机床的刚度模型,然后对具有内力的3PRS/UPS冗余并联机床刚度进行了分析.最后给出了特定位姿下的两种形式的刚度计算实例.结果表明内力对机床刚度的影响很小.     

传动机构内置式卷扬机卷筒的有限元分析

基于ANSYS软件对卷扬机卷筒进行ANSYS有限元建模,在经过对卷筒有限元模型进行网格划分之后,分析其实际受力情况及工作状况.对其施加具体应用载荷、位移约束、对称约束或其他约束,从而进行应力及强度的有限元分析.找出卷筒在承受应力中的最大变形位移及应力数据,为卷扬机卷筒的研究与设计提供参考依据.     

Numerical analysis of the roller hemming process

Numerical simulation of the roller hemming process is studied in this approach. Combined hardening is used for steel panel BSUFD roller hemming. Meshes are produced based on the deformation state of the panel. Tools are set up for flanging, pre-hemming, and final hemming. Roll-in/out results are obtained through a simulation and an experiment to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. Fracture is likely to occur in the bending area, while wrinkle may be found in the flanging area. The evolution of the load on the roller is found to be different over the process. Roller hemming could be accepted as a kind of plane strain bending deformation process.     

SK型静态混合器内的流动特性数值研究

基于微尺度流动特征的角度,研究SK型静态混合器内部湍流时的流动规律.利用计算流体力学专业软件并采用雷诺时均方程和标准的k-ε湍流模型对SK静态混合器内的湍流状态下的三维不可压缩流场进行数值模拟.数值计算和研究表明在含有多个SK型螺旋元件的静态混合器内,受元件衔接处的切割作用的流体将在其后的混合元件的3L/8处完成重新汇合;研究了SK型静态混合器的主要参数对流动阻力的影响,从而为静态混合器的优化设计提供了依据.     

汽车内饰皮纹的设计

汽车内饰色彩皮纹设计在整个内饰设计中占有重要地位,内饰件皮纹的效果直接决定了整个内饰的最终感官效果。介绍了汽车内饰皮纹的设计方法及原则。在设计汽车内饰皮纹时不仅要考虑车型的定位使用人群的喜好、皮纹与整体内饰的搭配,还要考虑到加工过程中拔模角度以及表面质量的稳定性。