Fe—5Ni合金奥氏体高温变形行为

在温度９７３－１３７３Ｋ，形变速率２×１０＾－５－１．５×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１的试验条件下，研究了Ｆｅ－５Ｎｉ合金奥氏体的高温拉伸变形行为。结果表明：高温变形时峰值应力σｐ与温度Ｔ和形变ε之间符合五式关系：Ｚ＝εｅｘｐ（Ｑ／ＲＴ）＝Ａ（ｓｉｎｈ（ασｐ））＾ｍ。高应变速率区的激活能Ｑ为３１４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，与Ｆｅ的自扩散激活能Ｑｓｄ相当，变形由空位扩散所控制；而低应变速率区的Ｑ为２０２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，约     

Fe-32Ni合金高温变形与再结晶行为

在温度１１７３～１３２３Ｋ、形变速率２×１０－５～２×１０－１ｓ－１的试验条件下,研究了Ｆｅ３２Ｎｉ合金的高温压缩变形与再结晶行为。结果表明,高温变形时应力应变曲线上峰值应力σｐ与温度Ｔ和形变速率ε之间符合下式关系：Ｚ＝ε·ｅｘｐ（Ｑ／ＲＴ）＝Ａ（ｓｉｎｈ（ασｐ））ｍ。其高温变形的表观激活能Ｑ约为３７８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,与该合金中Ｆｅ的自扩散激活能Ｑｓｄ相当,高温变形由空位扩散所控制     

Fe—28Al—5Cr与Fe—28Al—5Cr—0.5Nb—0.1C合金的超塑性变形能力与特征

研究了 Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－５Ｃｒ（原子分数）与 Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－５Ｃｒ－０．５Ｎｂ－０．１Ｃ合金的高温变形行为,结果表明,在 ８５０ ℃左右,应变速率为 ８．３×１０－４ ｓ－１时,呈现一定的超塑性变形能力,延伸率分别达到 １４５％和 ２５４％;应变速率敏感指数 ｍ分别为 ０．４与 ０．３５;激活能分别为： ２４３ ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ与 ２１８ ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．在变形过程中,位错堆积形成小角度晶界,并逐渐转变成大角度晶界,使粗大的原始晶粒细化．     

45V钢热变形条件下的动态回复行为

用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００模拟试验机研究了４５Ｖ钢热变形条件下的动态回复行为。４５Ｖ钢动态回复过程的流变应力σ对应变ε的变化为σ＝〔σ＾２ｓ＋（σ＾２０－σ＾２３）ｅ＾－２Ｂｅ〕＾１／２，位错密度变化率ｄｐ／ｄε＝２Ａ／（αμｂ）＾２－２ＢＰｏ。分析了变形温度和应变速率对动态回复行为的影响。     

大晶粒FeAl合金超塑性变形的显微组织演变和变形激活能

本文对大晶粒ＦｅＡｌ金属间化合物塑性变形的微观组织演变进行了研究，并测定了其超塑性变形激活能，显微组织分析表明，合金的超塑性变形是一个晶粒变形，内部形成亚晶界，进而亚晶界向晶界转换，从而使晶粒得以细化的过程，Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ，Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ－１Ｔｉ和Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ－２Ｔｉ合金变形激活能的测定值分别为３７０，２９０和２６０ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１大大低于其他的ＦｅＡｌ基合金蠕变激活能，表明超塑性     

纳米晶Fe_(74.7-x)Cu_1Nb_xV_(1.8)Si_(13.5)B_9合金的磁性

本文报道Ｆｅ７４．７－ｘＣｕ１ＮｂｘＶ１．８Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９（ｘ＝１，１．５，２）纳米晶软磁合金的综合磁性。ｘ＝２的合金的高频铁损水平为：ｐ３／１００ｋ＝４６８ｋｗ／ｍ３：Ｐ２／２００ｋ＝７０６ｋＷ／ｍ３；Ｐ２／５００Ｋ＝３６２０ｋｗ／ｍ３和Ｐ０．５／１０００ｋ＝８１０ｋｗ／ｍ３优于Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ－Ｎｂ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ类纳米晶合金的水平所考察的三种合金铁损水平都大大优于功率优良的Ｍｎ－Ｚｎ铁氧体Ｈ７Ｃ４考察了起始磁化率的温度关系，观察到原始非晶样品出现两个尖锐的Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ峰，与此不同的是，在具有最佳磁性的样品中只出现第二Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ峰，用Ｔｈｏｍａｓ理论解释了这一现象。观察到高温下纳米α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶粒系统的超顺磁行为，起始磁化率的温度关系符合Ｃｕｒｌｅ－Ｗｅｉｓｓ定律。     

Nd2Fe14B／α—Fe纳米晶双相复合永磁合金

采用快淬火及热处理工艺,通过复合添加Ｄｙ和Ｇａ,制备了高磁性能的Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ／α－Ｆｅ纳米晶双相复合永磁合金,合金最佳磁性能为,Ｊｆ＝１．１６１Ｔ（１１．６ｋＧｓ）,Ｈｃｉ＝５８０．５０ｋＡ／ｍ（７．３０ｋＯｅ）和（ＢＨ）ｍａｘ＝１６２．７ｋＪ／ｍ＾３（２０．５ＭＧｓ．Ｏｅ）。该合金成分为Ｎｄ７．５Ｄｙ１Ｆｅ８５Ｂ４．５Ｇａ２,其显微组织由晶粒尺寸约为３２ｎｍ的硬磁相Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ和１６ｎｍ     

预退火对超微磁合金稳定性的影响

用动态ＤＳＣ方法研究了预退火对超微晶Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９稳定性的影响．经过预退火处理后与制备态相比可提高合金的晶化温度ＴＸ、放热峰值温度ＴＰ和晶化激活能θＫ，从而可提高超微晶合金的稳定性。经５１０℃预处理后合金的晶化激活能可由制备态的３８０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ提高到５００ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

大晶粒含钛Fe—36.5Al基合金的超塑性研究

通过对未加Ｔｉ及加有不同量Ｔｉ的Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ基合金的高温变形行为的研究，发现加Ｔｉ的合金在９００－１０００℃，初始应变速率为２．０８×１０＾－４－８．３３×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１范围内比未加Ｔｉ的ＦｅＡｌ合金的延伸率有较大幅度提高，且应变速率敏感性指数ｍ值普遍超过０．３。     

半固态下LY12的变形力学行为

为研究ＬＹ１２ 合金在半固态下的力学行为， 使用拉伸与压缩试验测定了ＬＹ１２ 合金在不同半固态温区及不同应变速率下的真实应力－ 真实应变曲线， 使用线性回归方法确定了真实应力σ与真实应变速率·ε的关系及变形温度与真实应力的关系。结果表明，ＬＹ１２ 合金在半固态温区的拉压变形行为均显示出应变速率敏感性， 其拉压力学行为符合简单的幂函数关系σ＝ ｋ·εｍ 。根据试验结果， 推算出了半固态ＬＹ１２ 在不同变形温度及应变速率下的幂函数系数ｋ、应变速率敏感性指数 ｍ 及变形激活能Ｑ的值， 从而获得了半固态ＬＹ１２ 合金变形力学行为的定量描述     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。