超声波在聚合物成型加工中降粘作用的研究及应用

对超声波进行了简单的介绍,对其在聚合物成型加工中的降粘机理进行了一定的研究以及对它在聚合物成型加工中的应用进行了综述。在聚合物的成型加工中,超声波的合理施加可以大幅度的降低聚合物熔体的粘度,降低加工设备的要求和条件,更有利于高粘度聚合物的成型加工。     

能量场应用于聚合物加工的研究

综述了近年来国内外能量场在聚合物加工领域中的应用及其最新进展,详细介绍了应力场、电磁场、超声波场等能量场在聚合物成型与加工中的应用,简要阐述了其作用机理的数学模型.概述了各自领域的最新成果,并总结了能量场聚合物加工领域中应用存在的具体问题和应用前景.     

场致作用在聚合物加工过程中的应用研究

介绍了应力场、超声波场、电磁场、高能辐射场在聚合物动态成型过程中的应用,并且概述了各种场致作用对聚合物加工的影响及其相关机理。     

计算机模拟技术在聚合物成型中的应用

介绍了计算机模拟技术在聚合物加工及成型中的应用，给出了国内计算机模拟技术在聚合物成型及加工中的应用实例。并展望了计算机模拟技术在聚合物成型加工中的应用前景。     

POLYFLOW在高分子成型加工中的应用研究进展

在聚合物制品外形控制和性能调控过程中,高分子熔体的流动分析对于研究高分子成型工艺至关重要.POLYFLOW软件在高分子成型加工中的应用日渐广泛.本文深入分析了POLYFLOW在挤出、吹塑和热成型等方面的应用,重点介绍了挤出过程中的正向流动仿真和逆向口模设计,最后对POLYFLOW在高分子成型加工中的应用研究方向进行展望...     

超声振动作用下的聚合物塑化机理研究

利用理论并结合实验对超声振动作用下聚合物的塑化进行了研究,探讨了超声波熔融塑化中的摩擦热效应和超声空化效应,并采用数值分析方法研究了不同参数对超声波空化效应的影响.结果表明:低频及较高声压幅值有利于空化效应的发生.利用自制的超声振动塑化装置,实验研究了不同声压幅值对超声振动成型塑料制件质量的影响,进一步验证了空化效应在聚合物超声波熔融塑化的主导作用.     

影响聚合物加工过程流变性能的物理和物理化学作用

本文探讨了聚合物及其复合物的加工成型新原理和工艺过程。分析了物理场(力学场)对聚合物流变性能影响的方向性作用,指出这种作用的运用,乃是建立制品新成型工艺过程的有效途径。着重介绍了固态挤出、液压挤出、熔体循环剪切成型、超声波剪切振荡与整体振荡作用以及超强薄膜与纤维制备等问题。     

基于拉伸流动的聚合物复合材料分散混合研究进展

相对常用聚合物成型加工设备通过剪切力场来实现对聚合物及其填充体系的分散混合,拉伸流场具有更好的分散混合效果及较高的分散效率.通过对成型加工设备结构进行优化设计,以及成型设备进行合理改造来实现高效分散的拉伸流场,并对拉伸流场的产生方式进行论述.     

国际市场传真

日开发树脂制造新工艺 日本经济产业省计划从明年起开发新的树脂制造工艺,直接用粉末状聚合物制造薄膜或进行其他成型加工,以节约能源、降低成本和保护环境. 据日刊<工业新闻>报道,在现有的树脂制造工艺中,聚合物的粉末状化工产品先要加工成颗粒,然后再成型.在这个过程中,需要先把聚合物的化工原料温度从400℃～500℃高温降下来,然后在加工成型时再将温度升上去.这两道工序既耗费大量能源,又会产生二氧化碳等温室气体. 经济产业省计划开发的新工艺将直接对粉末状聚合物进行薄膜或其它成型加工,从而省去了颗粒化工序.新工艺不仅有望使树脂生产的能源消耗减少约30%,大幅度降低生产成本,而且也将有益于环境保护. (章信)     

聚合物微流控芯片微通道复制成型技术

阐述了复制成型技术在实现微流控芯片批量化生产过程中的重要意义。分析了微流控芯片对材料的要求,介绍了常用于制作微流控芯片的聚合物材料及其模塑性能。比较了目前常用的加工复制成型模具凸模微结构的加工方法。综述了热压成型、注射成型以及浇铸成型在微流控芯片微通道成型中的应用,并对其进行了比较分析,展望了未来微流控芯片复制成型技术的发展趋势。     

黏弹特性对模内微装配成型热流固耦合变形的影响

建立了综合考虑二次成型黏弹性熔体充填流动约束环境影响的模内微装配成型过程黏弹性热流固耦合变形机理的理论模型,并通过有限元数值模拟,研究了二次成型熔体黏度对模内微装配成型过程黏弹性热流固耦合变形的影响规律。结果表明,黏弹性热流固耦合作用诱导的预成型微型轴变形的驱动力来源于微装配界面形成的热流固耦合压力和黏性拖曳剪应力,而二次成型熔体流动的弹性正应力对耦合变形具有抑制作用,微装配界面的热流固耦合载荷和微型轴的变形均随着二次充填熔体的黏度增大而增大,减小二次成型熔体黏度有利于提高其微装配加工精度。     

In situ flow state characterization of molten resin at the inner mold in injection molding

Online viscosity information on processing lines can reflect the material flow resistance and offer valuable guidance for manufacturing across various industries. Considering the accuracy, devices, and processes involved in injection molding, characterizing the melt's flow state during material processing poses a significant challenge. To reduce investment in viscometers, avoid influencing the components' surface aesthetics due to the installation of sensors, and make the flow state detect online in mold, this study designs a rheometric mold with cylindrical runners for identifying the in situ viscosity of molten resin during injection molding. The detection conditions of injection speed and cavity pressure variations, the entrance effect, and the viscous dissipation for Polycarbonate are analyzed under various conditions. The in situ viscosity is identified and compared with the standard cross-WLF model. The result shows that the melt velocity and cavity pressure variations during the filling process create a stable environment for in situ rheological characterization and the detected viscosity is related to the shear rate, melt temperature, and channel dimension in injection molding. The designed mold with cylindrical runners for determining the in situ thermal-rheological behavior of polymer is distinguished successfully and exhibits prospects for the development of low-cost, nondestructive, and inner-mold measurement in manufacturing applications.     

聚合物球型螺杆电磁动态低温塑化挤出过程

为了研究振动场作用下聚合物低温塑化成型过程,研制了一套球型螺杆电磁激振挤出装置,建立了振动场作用下聚合物低温塑化成型的物理模型,深入分析了振动场作用下聚合物低温塑化机理,然后从振动耗散能、聚合物变形能、摩擦热、剪切热等方面分析了聚合物塑化的能量来源,并通过数学推导得出了能量输送密度的数学表达式。最后使用球型螺杆电磁激振实验台和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)进行实验和理论计算,实验结果与理论计算结果符合很好,并得出结论:振动场的引入可以降低聚合物的成型温度40℃以上、可以节约单位质量物料成型能耗47%以上,同时可以提高制品力学强度。本研究将会为聚合低温成型工艺和成型设备的研究提供可靠的理论基础。     

Rheokinetics for reactive polymer processing

An important aspect of all reactive polymer processing methods, including reactive injection molding (RIM) and reactive extrusion (REX) is the dramatic increase in viscosity of the material being processed. This paper describes an instrument designed to study rheokinetics of polymerizations relevant to reactive processing. The instrument is capable of measuring simultaneously both viscosity (dynamic or “steady”) and reaction rate during isothermal polymerizations in a closed system. Design aspects of the instrument and some preliminary results are presented.     

低频振动场中聚合物熔体的流变行为

介绍了自行研制的振动注射成型装置的结构及其用研究聚合物熔体流变行为的方法。通过对HDPE和PS的实验研究：发现熔体表观粘度与振动频率之间的关系表现为非线形关系,存在一最佳的振动频率使得处于振动场中的聚合物熔体在此频率下粘度最小;“频率－温度”等效原理可以用来加工热敏性聚合物,两者的综合作用在降低粘度、增加流动性方面会达到事半功倍的效果。     

Prediction of elongation viscosity of polymer melts

Melt extension flow is a common flow pattern during polymer processing, such as entrance converging flow in die extrusion or runner injection of polymer melts from an extruder barrel, blow molding, blowing film and melt spinning. Extensional viscosity is one of the important characterizations of the flow characteristics for polymer fluids. A new extension viscosity equation was established based on White‐Metzner model, Vinogradov‐Malkin viscosity equation and a new relaxation time equation in the present paper. The melt elongation viscosities of metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resins at 130°C were estimated applying this viscosity equation, and the predictions were compared with the measured data of mLLDPE and PVB resins at 130°C reported from reference. The results showed that calculations were close to the experimental data. The parameters in this equation were easy to be determined and the equation was convenient to use for estimating the extension viscosity of polymer melts. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Thin‐wall injection molding of polypropylene using molds with different laser‐induced periodic surface structures

In injection molding, high pressure is required to completely replicate the mold geometry, due to the viscosity of thermoplastic polymers, the reduced thickness of the cavity, and the low mold temperature. The reduction of the drag required to fill a thin‐wall injection molding cavity can be promoted by inducing the strong slip of the polymer melt over the mold surface, which occurs within the first monolayer of macromolecules adsorbed at the wall. In this work, the effects of different laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) topographies on the reduction of the melt flow resistance of polypropylene were characterized. Ultrafast laser processing of the mold surface was used to manufacture nano‐scale ripples with different orientation and morphology. Moreover, the effects of those injection molding parameters that mostly affect the interaction between the mold surface and the molten polymer were evaluated. The effect of LIPSS on the slip of the polymer melt was modeled to understand the effect of the different treatments on the pressure required to fill the thin‐wall cavity. The results show that LIPPS can be used to treat injection mold surfaces to promote the onset of wall slip, thus reducing the injection pressure up to 13%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1889–1896, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

瓶级聚酯质量对流变及加工性能的影响研究

研究和分析了加工温度、特性黏数、摩尔质量及其分布、间苯二甲酸含量(IPA)、二甘醇(DEG)含量等因素对瓶级聚酯流变性及加工性能的影响。结果表明,在低剪切速率下,温度的升高使熔体的切力变稀现象逐渐减弱,当剪切速率达到8 000 s-1以上时,温度及剪切速率都几乎对熔体的表观黏度没有影响;摩尔质量越高,熔体黏度的切变速率依赖性越大,摩尔质量分布宽有利于成型加工条件的控制;在相同剪切速率下,熔体的剪切黏度随着IPA含量的增大而逐渐降低;DEG含量低的聚合物熔体在低剪切速率下出现非牛顿性流动的现象比DEG含量高的要明显得多。     

动态成型注塑螺杆熔体输送能力的研究

根据动态注射成型时螺杆的工作特点，采用自行修正的Tanner本构方程研究了聚合物熔体在螺槽中的等温流动。同时，近似地给出了振动力场下注塑螺杆熔体输送能力的表达式，理论分析了振动参数对沿程压力降及动态成型熔体输送能力的影响。结果表明，振动力场使塑化过程中聚合物的粘度降低，流动阻力减小。沿螺槽方向的平均压力降减小，在保持成型条件不变的情况下，施加振动可以提高熔体输送能力。