等离子体处理新技术

纤维和织物等离子体处理技术研究已有40多年历史,但在纺织品湿加工领域,等离子体技术的应用主要集中在产业用纺织品。等离子体处理可分为两种主要类型:一种是被称为"降解型表面处理",去除纤维表面的物质;另一种是将纤维表面活化或赋予其功能化,使其能够进行后续加工,例如涂层等。此类等离子体处理可达到以下功效:·表面清洁处理·刻蚀作用·灭菌效果·表面活化,如(暂时)提高表面能·表面功能化,如(耐久性)引入化学基团·表面涂层/整理剂沉积与传统湿加工如间歇式或连续式湿加工、泡沫加工、溶剂处理等相比,等离子体处理的优势是可提供清洁、干燥的     

微波技术在纺织品染整加工中的应用

介绍了微波在纺织品染整加工中的作用机理,包括微波的热效应、非热效应及微波的加热十燥特性.微波在纺织品染整加工领域,主要包括纺织品的前处理、染色、印花及后整理,而在纺织品其它领域.如测湿及微波低温等离子体整理等方面也有一定的应用.     

韧皮纤维等离子体表面改性

等离子体处理是一种干法加工技术。作为一种可显著减少有毒化学污染的新型整理技术,等离子体处理在纺织行业具有较广泛的应用前景。等离子体处理技术适用于改变材料表面的化学结构和形貌。低压等离子体处理技术广泛用于纺织品的表面改性。在棉织物上应用等离子体表面改性处理可提高其表面性能。综述了等离子体表面改性处理对韧皮纤维的影响及其性能。     

纺织品湿加工中的环境友好型技术

<正>等离子体可用于某些基材的表面改性,如在基材表面沉积化学材料获得一些期望的性能,通过等离子清洗或刻蚀作用去除基材上的沉积物。等离子体通过辉光放电、电晕放电、介质阻挡放电方式,对纺织材料进行表面改性,增加其功能性。当合成材料及其混纺材料被引入纺织工业后,超声波开始被用于纺织品基材和聚合物的改性,包括应用在机械整理和湿加工工艺中。生物加工技术使低能耗和基于可再生原材料的新型工业制造工艺成为可能。随着环保意识的增强,以及法规的日益严格,酶因为具有生物可降     

等离子技术与传统前处理

理论上,纺织品经等离子体技术离子化气体处理后,使之表面发生特有的化学变化,这种技术可用于各种基布。如在棉织物前处理时,等离子体技术能缩减或代替几步前处理工艺（如退浆、煮练、漂白和丝光）;而在羊毛织物加工时,等离子体技术可代替某些氯化湿处理并改进染色工艺。 等离子体技术是基于离子化气体;通过放电而产生离子,电子和中性粒子。 适用于纺织基布的二种不同系统的低温等离子体技术为:1.电晕放电,即在常压条件下的低强度放电;2.辉光放电,即在低压条件（真空度为1～500Pa）下,在两个电极上施予高电压而放电。 不同类型的离子化气体使纺织品表面产生特殊的化学改性:如漂白（氩-氦）或防水整理（氟单体等）。 在上述二种情况中,应用等离子体技术改变了纺织品的表面形态。而辉光放电较电晕放电对纺织品处理更有效且更均匀。     

商业化的等离子体处理

等离子体技术是以放电产生的电离气体、离子、电子和中子为基础的。用于纺织品的“底温”等离子技术,有两种截然不同的体系:电火花放电和辉光放电。 等离子体处理能改善纺织品的表面形态。据德国羊毛研究院Hartwig教授介绍,等离子体处理在羊毛整理和改良加工中,对纤维表面     

纺织品整理应用技术现状及发展(I)

本文对纺织品整理应用技术进行了综述,介绍了表面处理技术、化学功能整理技术、羊毛功能整理技术、丝绸功能整理技术、复合功能整理技术及相关测试方法,分析探讨了各种整理技术的优点及局限性。同时,对纳米、微波、超声波、微胶囊、等离子体等高新技术在纺织工业中的应用也做了简单的叙述。文章最后预测了整理技术的发展方向。     

微波技术在纺织品染整加工中的应用

叙述了微波的作用机理包括微波的热效应和非热效应以及微波的加热干燥特性;重点介绍了微波在纺织品染整加工领域包括纺织品的前处理(麻类纤维脱胶、蚕丝织物精练、漂白工艺)、染色(可采用织物或丝束加工方式,不仅可用于亲水性纤维染色,在加入适当助剂后,还可用于疏水性纤维的染色)、印花(把印花染料印在织物上之后,接着进行微波照射,防止印花浆所含的水分外逸,利用这些水分使印花浆中的染料在织物上固着、发色)及后整理(环氧树脂整理、无甲醛耐久压烫整理、拒油和拒水整理等)等方面的应用;指出了微波在纺织品其他领域(包括测湿、干燥地毯中的橡浆、涤纶织物干燥、锦纶绳索处理及微波低温等离子体整理等)的9应用情况,并对发展前景进行了展望.     

染苑精萃

等离子体处理:具竞争力的一种干法工艺选择2 0 0 414 1等离子体处理作为纺织品以水为介质的湿处理的替代,具有许多优点,如无需烘燥的干法工艺、无污染的清洁技术、处理的通用性和低成本等。但也存在处理均匀性和设备较复杂等问题。等离子体处理的效果主要有以下三种:表面刻蚀或清洁效果、表面化学改性以及等离子体聚合(即使非常薄的聚合物沉积在纤维表面)。文中概述了用于纺织品处理的系统及其主要的设备开发商,以及人们在纺织品化学预处理、染色、印花、整理、涂层、复合和粘合等领域进行等离子体处理研究的最新进展。摘译自英国《国际染印…     

低温等离子体技术在纺织品功能整理中的应用

介绍了低温等离子体处理技术的反应机理、加工特点，以及在纺织品功能整理中的应用.     

紫外线交联粘合剂/颜料体系对带状织物的染色

研究表明装饰用带状织物的染色能够通过紫外线引发的固化作用来实现,无任何污染。与传统染色方法相比,其带状织物的颜色、光泽和染色牢度能满足高标准。染色后带状织物的手感较差,但可以用轧光整理加以改善。颜料被认为是最合适的着色剂,它能被液化涂层体系完全润湿且满足染色必需的基本要求,诸如色牢度。     

Nanotechnology – a new route to high-performance functional textiles

The use of nanomaterials- and nanotechnology-based processes is growing at a tremendous rate in all fields of science and technology. Textile industry is also experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in its diverse field of applications. Textile-based nanoproducts starting from nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers to intelligent high-performance polymeric nanocoatings are getting their way not only in high performance advanced applications but nanoparticles are also successfully being used in conventional textiles to impart new functionality and improved performance. Greater repeatability, reliability and robustness are the main advantages of nanotechnological advancements in textiles. Nanoparticle application during conventional textile processing techniques, such as finishing, coating and dyeing, enhances the product performance manifold and imparts hitherto unachieved functionality. New coating techniques like sol-gel, layer-by-layer, plasma polymerization etc. can develop multi-functionality, intelligence, excellent durability and weather resistance to fabrics. The present paper focuses on the development and potential applications of nanotechnology in developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers and other new finished and nanocoated textiles. The four main areas of textile chemical processing, namely nanofinishing, nanocoating, nanocomposite coating and nanodyeing, are covered in the first section of this paper and the second section deals with developments in nanocomposite fibers and nanofibers. The influence of nanomaterials in textile finishing and processing to enhance product performance is discussed. Nanocoating is a relatively new technique in the textile field and is currently under research and development. Polymeric nanocomposite coatings, where nanoparticles are dispersed in polymeric media and used for coating applications, are the most promising route to develop multifunctional and intelligent high-performance textiles. Not much research has been done on applying the concept of nanotechnology in dyeing of textiles except a few reports on dye particle size reduction, structural change in fibers or the surface etching of textiles to create nanostructured surfaces. The reduction in water consumption during nanotechnology applications in textile processing has the potential to control the effluent problems of a textile process house. The most researched area to produce multifunctional, smart fibers is the preparation of nanocomposite fibers where the exceptional properties of nanoparticles have been utilized to enhance and impart several functionalities on conventional textile grade fibers. Nanofibers are gaining popularity in some specialized technical applications such as filter fabric, antibacterial patches and chemical protective suits. Nanotechnological advances in these two areas of nanocomposite fibers and nanofibrous forms have also been reviewed.     

Natural dyeing of wool with henna and yarrow enhanced by plasma treatment and optimized with response surface methodology

Abstract

In this study, response surface methodology was employed for optimization of natural dyeing of wool with henna leaves and yarrow flowers. As natural dyes have generally low affinity towards textile fibers and need considerable amounts of metal mordants to be absorbed satisfactorily, plasma treatment was used as an environmentally friendly pretreatment to enhance the dyeability and lower the amount of mordant needed. The results showed that the color value of the samples increased by increasing the plasma treatment power, dyebath temperature, and alum mordant concentration. However, the color value was higher at lower pH values. ATR-FTIR, SEM, and AFM investigations confirmed the significant surface chemical and topographical changes of the fibers. Plasma treatment can be considered as an alternative of wet chemical treatments for surface modification of wool to improve its dyeability and reduce the need for potentially toxic metallic mordants.     

纺织品后整理资源管理益处

若生态领域中存在"邪恶轴心"的话,那它将直指纺织品后整理工艺,除了声誉不佳外,所造成的生态问题正越来越多地转变为经济问题。Benninger公司开发了一套操作系统,可通过优化工艺、集成能耗加以改善湿整理工艺,逐步提高环境友好型纺织品后整理的功效。     

利用生物材料提高纺织品价值

在纺织湿加工行业中，不同化学品被用于对环境产生影响的各种纺织整理目的中。为减少对环境的相对危害，集中介绍了几种生物整理织物的方法。而在纺织工业中，环保方法正越来越受到重视。     

涂层纺织品纤维含量的定量检测

涂层纺织品中的涂层剂使得该类产品无法以现有的标准进行检测。探讨一种检测涂层纺织品纤维含量的方法,并利用试验结果给出一种检测的可行性试验方案。该方案首先利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中的ATR附件技术检测得出涂层中的涂层剂种类,然后利用相应的化学试剂针对性地去除涂层制品中的涂料,最后再对处理后的基布进行常规检测。该试验操作简易、快捷,并且结果准确。     

Investigating the performance of dry textile electrodes for wearable end-uses

Textile electrodes have become popular in recent years for their good skin sensorial comfort and their good integration with clothing, which offers great potential for sensing of signals for wearable end uses. However, in comparison with wet electrodes, dry textile electrodes have much higher and unstable skin-electrode impedance, which could introduce differential noise in signals and cause difficulties in results and diagnosis. To solve this problem, this paper is focused on determining the reasons for this phenomenon and optimizing the performance of textile electrode. Several factors have been examined and the results indicate that the skin-electrode impedance performance is very sensitive to changes of electrode position, size and holding pressure. The fabrication of textile electrode and its optimum holding pressure and size are also described in this paper. Through the implementation of electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements, it was demonstrated that when the electrode size and holding pressure are optimized, the textile electrodes can achieve similar signal performance as wet electrodes.     

超声波及其在湿处理中的应用

综述了超声波及其在纺织品湿加工中的应用.在纺织加工的不同阶段,超声波在染色方面的应用是最有发展前景的.当然,在其他领域的应用也是有益的.通常高能量的超声波提高了织物湿处理的速度.在使用超声波的加工过程中可以节约一定的时间、能量和化学品.此外,在许多染色过程中可以减少污水的产生.然而,至今还没有由超声波辅助的大规模工业生产设备.     

印染废水中聚乙烯醇浆料的高效去除及六价铬的协同还原

聚乙烯醇(PVA)是印染废水有机污染物的主要来源,同时含铬显影剂的使用导致部分印染废水含有六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ)),高浓度PVA及高毒性Cr(Ⅵ)的协同处理技术亟待突破。利用过硫酸盐热活化可引发聚合物发生自由基交联反应的特点,研究印染废水中PVA及Cr(Ⅵ)协同处理的方法。考察了过硫酸盐投加量、反应温度、初始pH值、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度等因素对二者去除效率的影响,借助X射线光电子能谱、凝胶渗透色谱等手段分析了反应沉淀物及剩余废水中残留物,探索了PVA及Cr(Ⅵ)的协同处理机制。结果表明：当过硫酸盐质量浓度为8.0 g/L、反应温度为70℃、废水pH值小于6时,模拟印染废水的化学需氧量去除率达91.9%,PVA去除率可达98.0%,Cr(Ⅵ)还原率为94.3%;过硫酸盐热活化引发PVA自由基交联及PVA的还原性是PVA高效沉淀及Cr(Ⅵ)有效还原的主要原因,此类浆料与重金属污染物的协同处理在印染废水方面具有一定的应用前景。     

酶在纺织品湿加工中的应用前景

文章分别介绍了酶在纺织品湿加工中的各种应用。即：淀粉酶用作高效退浆和洗除浆料；蛋白酶用于脱除柞蚕丝胶、缫丝前的煮茧以及毛纺织品的前后处理，果胶酶用于麻类脱胶和棉织物处理可代替高温碱煮，能获得较好的渗透性；过氧化物酶可作为双氧水练漂的一种有效稳定剂；还原酶用于靛蓝染色。