AnuA、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗rRNP抗体对系统性红斑狼疮诊断及评价活动性的意义

目的:观察探讨AnuA、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗rRNP抗体对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断及评价活动性的情况,总结其临床应用价值。方法:选取本院2018年1月-2019年7月确诊的72例SLE患者为观察组,并选取同期本院72例类风湿疾病患者为对照组。比较两组AnuA、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗rRNP抗体的阳性检出率。根据实际结果计算AnuA、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗rRNP抗体诊断SLE的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和诊断符合率,比较SLE不同活动性的AnuA、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗rRNP抗体阳性检出率。结果:观察组AnuA、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗rRNP抗体的阳性检出率均高于对照组(P<0.05);AnuA的敏感度(75.00%)和NPV(79.31%)最高,抗Sm抗体的特异度和PPV均为100%,AnuA和抗Sm抗体的诊断符合率均高于85.00%,但四种指标的敏感度、特异度、PPV、NPV、诊断符合率比较,差异均无统计计意义(P>0.05);活动组抗ds-DNA抗体阳性检出率高于非活动组(P<0.05)。结论:使用AnuA、抗ds-DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体和抗rRNP抗体检测能有效诊断SLE,区分风湿性疾病,其中AnuA、抗Sm抗体的SLE诊断符合率较高,对患者的辅助诊断具有重要意义,值得在临床广泛应用。     

工程实践中水池抗浮方案的合理选用

水工构筑物水池的抗浮方案选用,首先与抗浮水位的确定密切相关,抗浮水位的确定及水池抗浮设计方案的合理选用,会直接影响到水池结构的安全性和工程造价的经济性。文章通过对如何确定水池抗浮水位及各种常用抗浮方案如:自重抗浮、压重抗浮、基底配重抗浮、抗拔桩抗浮及锚杆抗浮等的分析比较,使我们了解水池抗浮水位确定的重要性及各种抗浮方法的适用条件和经济性。只有经过综合考虑才能选用更为安全、经济合理的抗浮方案,并结合工程设计实例进行分析说明。     

内置薄壁H钢木组合梁连接界面受力性能试验研究

为明确内置薄壁H钢木组合梁所采用的抗剪螺钉+环氧树脂粘胶复合连接界面的组合受力机理和受力性能,进行了单纯抗剪螺钉连接、单纯环氧树脂粘胶连接和抗剪螺钉+环氧树脂粘胶复合连接界面的推出试验,以研究三种组合连接界面的破坏模式,获取三种组合连接界面的荷载-位移关系曲线、开裂荷载、极限荷载和有效抗滑移刚度等.分析结果表明,抗剪螺钉+环氧树脂粘胶复合连接综合了单纯抗剪螺钉连接和单纯环氧树脂粘胶连接的各自受力特性,避免了单纯抗剪螺钉连接和单纯环氧树脂粘胶连接的脆性破坏特征,相对于单纯抗剪螺钉连接和单纯环氧树脂粘胶连接表现出更高的连接界面抗剪承载力,并具有很好的延性和界面残余抗剪承载力.提出了连接界面抗剪承载力计算公式,该公式可用于计算单纯抗剪螺钉连接、单纯环氧树脂粘胶连接和抗剪螺钉+环氧树脂粘胶复合连接界面抗剪承载力,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

建筑垃圾再生混凝土耐久性能的研究

本文研究了建筑垃圾再生混凝土的收缩、抗碳化、抗氯离子渗透、抗冻融等性能。研究结果表明再生混凝土试块收缩较大,抗碳化和抗氯离子渗透性能中等,但抗冻融性较差。通过掺加粉煤灰和高效减水剂,降低水胶比可以提高再生混凝土的耐久性能。     

隧道衬砌混凝土抗溶蚀性能影响因素研究

以广东某隧道工程为例,研究了水胶比、矿物掺合料和砂率对混凝土早期抗压强度、抗渗性能、抗氯离子渗透性能和抗溶蚀性能的影响.结果表明:随着水胶比的减小,混凝土早期抗压强度、抗渗性能、抗氯离子渗透性能和抗溶蚀性能均提高;掺入适量的矿物掺合料降低了混凝土的早期抗压强度和抗渗性能,但提高了混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能和抗溶蚀性能;随...     

多孔植被混凝士的耐久性研究

分析了多孔植被混凝土耐久性的主要影响因素,提出以多孔植被混凝土的抗冻融破坏,抗流水、抗酸、抗盐、抗二氧化碳和抗微生物侵蚀来表征其耐久性,并探讨了多孔植被混凝土耐久性的评价方法.     

人民日报社报刊综合业务楼抗拔锚杆替代抗拔桩方案可行性分析

实际工程中应根据场地的地质情况、施工难度、经济效益等方面综合考虑选用适合的方法解决抗浮问题。本工程人防地下结构中原定在基坑底部均匀布置20根抗拔桩,以满足抗浮设计要求。现因场地条件限制、施工难度、效率等问题,通过综合比较抗拔桩和抗拔锚杆的施工难度和工期,拟采用抗拔锚杆代替抗拔桩,并对方案进行可行性分析。     

抗浮技术措施应用现状分析

地下结构工程的抗浮问题非常重要 ,文中对目前常用的几种抗浮技术措施如压载抗浮、降排截水抗浮、抗浮桩及抗浮锚杆的应用现状进行了分析 ,以期对地下结构工程的抗浮设计和加固治理有指导意义     

水下不分散混凝土性能的试验研究

研究了水下抗分散剂、高效减水剂、消泡剂、水灰比等对水下混凝土抗分散性和抗压强度等性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着水下抗分散剂掺量增加,混凝土的抗压强度下降。当水下抗分散剂和高效减水剂复合掺加时,能够提高混凝土抗压强度。掺加消泡剂有利于提高水下抗分散混凝土的工作性和抗压强度。降低水灰比有利于提高混凝土的水下抗分散性和抗压强度。     

再生混凝土抗剪键接缝受剪性能试验简介

为研究再生混凝土抗剪键接缝的受剪性能,以抗剪键数量、再生粗骨料取代率和轴向应力为变化参数,设计了6个再生混凝土抗剪键接缝试件和2个无键直缝试件进行单调推剪试验,获取了试件的破坏形态、剪力-剪切位移曲线和抗剪承载力,发现了不同变化参数对再生混凝土抗剪键接缝抗剪承载力的影响规律,揭示了再生混凝土灌浆接缝界面抗剪破坏机理,提出了再生混凝土抗剪键接缝的抗剪承载力计算公式。     

Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions - Properties, requirements and possibilities

The advantages and disadvantages of the thermal building insulation materials and solutions have been treated. Both traditional, state-of-the-art and possible materials and solutions beyond these have been investigated. Examples of these may be mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, vacuum insulation panels, gas insulation panels, aerogels, and future possibilities like vacuum insulation materials, nano insulation materials and dynamic insulation materials. Various properties, requirements and possibilities have been compared and studied. Among these are thermal conductivity, perforation vulnerability, building site adaptability and cuttability, mechanical strength, fire protection, fume emission during fire, robustness, climate ageing durability, resistance towards freezing/thawing cycles, water resistance, costs and environmental impact. Currently, there exist no single insulation material or solution capable of fulfilling all the requirements with respect to the most crucial properties. That is, for the buildings of today and the near future, several insulation materials and solutions are used and will have to be used depending on the exact circumstances and specifications. As of today, new materials and solutions like e.g. vacuum insulation panels are emerging, but only slowly introduced in the building sector partly due to their short track record. Therefore it will be of major importance to know the limitations and possibilities of all the insulation materials and solutions, i.e. their advantages and disadvantages. In this respect new conceptual thermal building insulation materials are also discussed.     

Water Resources Development: A Balanced Approach

Customers, the public generally, the water industry, its regulators and the government are aware that water can be a scarce and costly product. Resource planning and development must increasingly be viewed as a combined package of water efficiency in (a) use, (b) metering and tariff policy, (c) leakage reduction, and (d) physical schemes.
Droughts, fears over possible climate change, concerns about resources and the environment, a greater awareness of the role and costs of the water industry and statements by the Department of the Environment, the Office of Water Services, and the National Rivers Authority have added weight to this sensible shift in emphasis.
However, society needs reliable water supplies and cannot completely rely upon the uncertain impact that demand side-measures may bring about – nor, even where achieved and cost-effective, on the important savings in losses. New resource schemes can take many years to implement. Therefore, in order to ensure adequate and reliable supplies, plans for new schemes must be brought to a state of readiness, and, in many cases, implemented.     

Environmental affordances and children’s needs: Insights from child-friendly community streets in China

With rapid urbanization in China, an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space. Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions, and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities. As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities, the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities. The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities. It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth. Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design, children’s growth and environment, and street-game spaces, this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and other methods. Then, from the perspective of cognitive affordance, functional affordance, and social affordance, it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group. Finally, from the perspectives of openness and security, preference and diversity, positive and negative, and reality and potential, it proposes a method to assess the existing environment. This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities, and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels, so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness. This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.     

TREX: spatially distributed model to assess watershed contaminant transport and fate

Contaminant releases from upland areas can have adverse water quality and stream ecology impacts. TREX (Two-dimensional, Runoff, Erosion, and Export) is a spatially distributed, physically-based model to simulate chemical transport and fate at the watershed scale. TREX combines surface hydrology and sediment transport features from the CASC2D watershed model with chemical transport features from the WASP/IPX series of water quality models. In addition to surface runoff and sediment transport, TREX simulates: (1) chemical erosion, advection, and deposition; (2) chemical partitioning and phase distribution; and (3) chemical infiltration and redistribution. Floodplain interactions for water, sediment, and chemicals are also simulated. To demonstrate the potential for using TREX to simulate chemical transport at the watershed scale, a screening-level application was developed for the California Gulch watershed mine-waste site in Colorado. Runoff, sediment transport, and metals (Cu, Cd, Zn) transport were simulated for a calibration event and a validation event. The model reproduced measured peak flows, and times to peak at the watershed outlet and three internal locations. Simulated flow volumes were within approximately 10% of measured conditions. Model results were also generally within measured ranges of total suspended solid and metal concentrations. TREX is an appropriate tool for investigating multimedia environmental problems that involve water, soils, and chemical interactions in a spatially distributed manner within a watershed.     

Molecular detection of pathogens in water - The pros and cons of molecular techniques

Pollution of water by sewage and run-off from farms produces a serious public health problem in many countries. Viruses, along with bacteria and protozoa in the intestine or in urine are shed and transported through the sewer system. Even in highly industrialized countries, pathogens, including viruses, are prevalent throughout the environment. Molecular methods are used to monitor viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens, and to track pathogen- and source-specific markers in the environment. Molecular techniques, specifically polymerase chain reaction-based methods, provide sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analytical tools with which to study such pathogens, including new or emerging strains. These techniques are used to evaluate the microbiological quality of food and water, and to assess the efficiency of virus removal in drinking and wastewater treatment plants. The range of methods available for the application of molecular techniques has increased, and the costs involved have fallen. These developments have allowed the potential standardization and automation of certain techniques. In some cases they facilitate the identification, genotyping, enumeration, viability assessment, and source-tracking of human and animal contamination. Additionally, recent improvements in detection technologies have allowed the simultaneous detection of multiple targets in a single assay. However, the molecular techniques available today and those under development require further refinement in order to be standardized and applicable to a diversity of matrices. Water disinfection treatments may have an effect on the viability of pathogens and the numbers obtained by molecular techniques may overestimate the quantification of infectious microorganisms. The pros and cons of molecular techniques for the detection and quantification of pathogens in water are discussed.     

A House is not a Home: The Housing Experiences of African and Caribbean Mothers Living with HIV

HIV-positive mothers living in Toronto, ON, face myriad economic and social challenges that put them at risk for housing instability and homelessness. These challenges are exacerbated for mothers from African and Caribbean communities as they navigate a web of shelter, housing, health care and social care systems that do not adequately address their social positioning as HIV-positive and racialized mothers. To date, there is a dearth of research that has taken a cultural, ethnoracial and gendered lens to explore these issues, and consequently, little is known about their experiences of housing instability as it intersects with issues related to motherhood, poverty, sexism, racism, immigration status and HIV-related stigma and discrimination. This paper presents findings from the HIV, Housing and Families community-based research study and highlights the unique and complex housing issues African and Caribbean mothers facing by living with HIV in Toronto. Implications for policy and practice are also discussed.     

中国城市规划三十年（1978-2008）纵览

本文通过把改革开放30年以来中国城市规划的发展历程大致分为恢复重建、摸索学习、加速推进、调整壮大、反思求变和更新转型等六个阶段,阐述了城市规划是如何摆脱计划经济束缚、走向市场经济并在实践中发展的,以及城市规划的任务是如何在资本注入和土地制度改革的推动下逐渐显现出宏观调控和建设引导控制作用,并进而适应多变和多元的发展形势,向和谐社会、多值决策和科学发展迈进的。     

Global Challenges,Local Solutions: The City as an Ecosystem of Events

In a time of global challenges, cities are critical not only as vehicles for progress, but also as centers of diversity and resilience. Confronted with intensifying climates, and social, ecological, and economic issues, McGregor Coxall focuses on the stories people tell in making their cities. Our projects accept and challenge these stories which underpin city-making: the engine of economic progress, the marketplace of cultural production, and the myth of our separation from “nature.” The success of contemporary city is built on a paradoxical relationship with two pressures: global development and environmental impacts. To address these crises, McGregor Coxall works at two scales, simultaneously, on all of our projects: in the large-scale realm of regional economic development and ecosystemic operations, and at the scale of the person, the street, and the neighbourhood. The systemic understanding provides the contextual basis by which projects perform, economically and environmentally, while our understanding of communities makes each project a genuine product of its time, place, and culture.     

PLURAL PRACTICES: IDEAS FOR DRAWING RESPONSIBLY

The article discusses the topics of cartography and landscape architecture, with a few ideas about technique, scale, observation, translation, and imagination. The charge is to look closely, think critically, and develop sensibly a drawing toolkit that allows for an expansion of possible readings and spatial outcomes. It asks designers to question the information before them, and to respond with precision and range. The challenges are increasingly complex, and thus, media and methods must be plural and robust. The replies herein build on the Cartographic Grounds project, an exhibit and book that again reimagines the projective potential of cartographic practices that afford greater proximity to the manifestation and manipulation of the ground itself, and promotes the intersection between the disciplines of Landscape Architecture and Cartography towards a grounded practice of representing and imagining multiple terrains for design. The introduction of the observation and representation training in Harvard Graduate School of Design further suggests that observation is fundamental, and for design, representation must extend beyond documenting and understanding the world that exists, towards imagining a more equitable and adaptive future.     

封闭体系中煤体升温解吸的热力学特性研究

气体在煤中吸附解吸取决于其压力和温度,气体解吸量随温度升高和压力降低而有所增加。在封闭体系中,温度升高造成煤体解吸量增加,并引起体系压力变大,但同时抑制解吸。吸附态气体和游离态气体相互转化时,伴有能量交换。为研究煤体升温吸附/解吸的热力学特性,依据实际气体状态方程、玻尔兹曼能量分布理论以及两能态模型,得到了吸附热的数学表达式,并在物理实验基础上加以验证。实验结果表明:封闭体系内温度升高,升温促进解吸和加压促进吸附同时作用直至动态平衡,其中温度对解吸的促进作用要强于压力对解吸的抑制作用,体系整体表现为解吸作用;两能态模型能较准确地反映吸附热与温度和压力的变化关系,且吸附热是温度和压力的函数,其值与初始平衡条件有关,初始压力越大,吸附热越小,解吸时间越短,更易达到平衡。