语音互联网展望

语音互联网是电话网与互联网的完美结合，通过语音互联，普通电话用户用自然语言对话的方式即可获取互联网的主要服务．本文结合自己的工作介绍了语音互联网的系统架构、优势、应用及实现方法．     

Turbulence and Competitive Dynamics in the Internet Services Industry

This paper has two objectives. First, we seek to comprehend the overarching patterns of structural change underlying the hyper-dynamic processes shaping and reconfiguring the Internet services industry during both the Internet hype period in the late 1990s and the ""post-hype' period after the turn of the millennium. This is done through an empirical account of the evolution in commercial customers' Internet use, the corresponding development of new Internet services, and through an analysis of the evolving competitive and cooperative dynamics in Internet services. This analysis encompasses an exposition of both the entry-based dynamics and the post-entry positioning dynamics of different strategic groups operating in Internet services--in particular ""old economy' companies and their adaptation to Internet services. Secondly we try to answer the question whether Internet services is to be considered a complex value system of interrelated services provided by different types of firms in different industries, rather than a unitary industry of competing firms.     

基于区分服务的因特网电话服务质量保障

因特网电话是IP网上一种非常重要的实时数据业务．如何在网络流量背景复杂的情况下保证因特网电话的服务质量是当前的一个研究热点．本文提出了一种完全基于区分服务架构的方案,保证因特网电话对服务质量的要求,同时照顾其他流量的公平性．     

INPI, the Internet and electronic commerce

The information society has always raised important social, economic and cultural issues for our country. In the early days, Minitel was a major factor in user awareness and education in France. Internet-based technologies then offered the ergonomics and user-friendliness expected by a wide section of the public, both French-speaking and otherwise. Our task of disseminating industrial property information, which is a public service, was therefore facilitated by the fact that access was quick and easy and was available anywhere in the world seven days a week and 24 h a day.I – The patents web www.inpi.fr/brevets and esp@cenet: In order to reach as many members of the public as possible and as part of the esp@cenet project, since September 1998 the patents web www.inpi.fr/brevets has been offering access in French to the past two years of FR, EP and PCT publications, the full text of FR applications and a link to esp@cenet.Although the request forms seem simple, not every Internet user understands what professionals like ourselves mean by publication number, priority, filing, inventors, applicants or IPC code.The patents web www.inpi.fr/brevets therefore offers an added-value service, namely the natural-language search engine CIB-LN (in English this would be IPC-NL).This extremely powerful engine enables all French-speaking Internet users to identify the relevant patent classification codes in French using their own words, and to search with the utmost efficiency on the Net using both the patents web www.inpi.fr/brevets and any other patents sites which accept IPC entries.This achievement is currently the subject of a study of the transferability of the natural language search engine into other languages.We are currently experiencing the fourth commercial and marketing revolution, in the shape of electronic commerce. The first revolution involved the emergence of fairs in the Middle Ages, the second the establishment of department stores in the late 19th century, and the third the introduction of volume retailing in the 1950s.Electronic commerce therefore poses a major challenge to any private or public company. Marketing estimates and forecasts indicate that information marketing services will be among the most successful. INPI certainly hopes to take up this challenge.II – INPI shop: Our shop, which is in the process of being set up, will combine information marketing services with:

• trade mark priority and French Commercial and Companies Register (RNCS) searches;

• copies of patents;

• strategic and competitor information search (RISC) services;

• historical background;

• BREF, COSMOS, GLOBALPAT and RXN CD-ROMs;

• official publications.

The success and viability of an Internet shop is directly proportional to its links to other shops or service sites. It is therefore quite obvious that the INPI shop will be linked to direct INPI search systems (the patents, trade marks and companies webs) and to any other search service or shop which would like to be linked to it.     

几种分组话音技术的比较

阐述了实现分组话音的三种新技术 :用ATM承载分组话音、用帧中继承载分组话音和用IP承载分组话音。从理论和实际应用的角度出发 ,分析了三种技术的优点和有待解决的技术问题。最后 ,对这些技术加以比较 ,探讨了分组话音的发展方向     

Efficiency, speed, and scaling of two-dimensional passive-dynamic walking

We address performance limits and dynamic behaviours of the two dimensional passive-dynamic bipedal walking mechanisms of Tad McGeer. The results highlight the role of heelstrike in determining the mechanical efficiency of gait, and point to ways of improving efficiency. We analyse several kneed and straight-legged walker designs, with round feet and and point-feet. We present some necessary conditions on the walker mass distribution to achieve perfectly efficient (zero-slope-capable) walking for both kneed and straight-legged models. Our numerical investigations indicate, consistent with a previous study of a simpler model, that such walkers have two distinct gaits at arbitrarily small ground-slopes, of which the longer-step gait is stable at small slopes. Energy dissipation can be dominated by a term proportional to (speed) 2 from tangential foot velocity at heelstrike and from kneestrike, or a term proportional to (speed) 4 from normal foot collisions at heelstrike, depending on the gait, ground-slope, and walker design. For all zeroslope capable straight-legged walkers, the long-step gaits have negligible tangential foot velocity at heelstrike and are hence especially fast at low power. Some apparently chaotic walking motions are numerically demonstrated for a kneed walker.     

没有完善的反垄断法,互联网永无宁日

谁都知道,任何一个商人都不会拿他的客户利益去开玩笑,更不会为了所谓的竞争去牺牲公众的利益,因为他们都懂一个理,客户是他生存和发展的衣食父母。因为市场经济也是法治经济和诚信道德经济,     

Prisoners, chickens, volunteers, free riders and suckers: dilemmason the Internet

The World Wide Web enables users to access a variety of multimedia resources distributed around the world. Its ease of use has attracted many new users to the Internet and the emergence of commercial Internet providers has facilitated this growth. Although most people welcome the breakdown of elitist access to the Internet, it has had an impact on the performance experienced by the individual user. `Game theory' is used to examine the conflict of self interest versus group interest within a shared network environment like the Internet     

BSI新书《质量与竞争：服务客户的准则》简介

《质量与竞争：服务客户的准则》是一本由英国标准学会BSI出版的客户服务指南。对与人打交道的客户服务人员来说,该书不啻为必备的培训教程;而对高度依赖客户的成功企业来说,该书将帮助其赢得卓越业绩。可以说,《质量与竞争：服务客户的准则》为世界一流的客户服务提供了权威的规范。     

低速高能效的浓相气力输送技术

低速浓相输送装置的出现,解决了物料在输送过程中易破碎、堵塞和磨蚀管道等难题,降低了耗气量。本文中综述了低速浓相输送的几种定义和输送过程中的相图、物料流动形态及相应的判定、影响浓相气力输送特性的因素等技术参数,并介绍了输送过程中经常遇到的堵管和磨损现象以及气力输送过程中的检测和自动控制技术,指出了今后的研究方向。     

Distance learning, virtual classrooms, and teaching pedagogy in the Internet environment

The Internet and distance learning have created a new business and a new teaching pedagogy. The purpose of this paper is to show how data communication technologies have affected distance learning and pedagogy, and help teachers and students in virtual classrooms. In particular, the paper addresses the history of distance learning, current issues, the federal government’s role, and four specific areas of improvement: curricula change, new patterns of interaction, changes in organizational structures, and the roles and activities of participants in both business and academic distance-learning environments.     

Effect of Structural Variation within Lipophilic Lariat Ether Phosphonic Acid Monoesters on the Selectivity and Efficiency of Competitive Alkali Metal Cation Extraction into Chloroform

Lipophilic lariat ether phosphonic acid monoethyl esters with systematic crown ether ring size variation from 12-crown-4 to 24-crown-8 are utilized for competitive alkali metal cation extractions from aqueous solutions into chloroform. Effective alkali metal cation extraction from weakly acidic, neutral, and basic aqueous solutions is achieved. With 4, 5, and 6 oxygens in the crown ether rings, selectivities for Li(+), Na(+), and K(+), respectively, are observed. An 18-crown-6 phosphonic acid monoester exhibits excellent extraction selectivity for K(+) with K(+)/Li(+) and K(+)/Na(+) > 100. The lipophilic group attachment site, as well as the crown ether ring size, is shown to influence the extraction selectivity for the lariat ether phosphonic monoesters.     

Voice technology in the instrumentation of the automobile

The author discusses the applications of voice technology in modern automobiles. A major goal of this technology is to add artificial intelligence to the instruments of the vehicle to improve the safety and reliability of the vehicle. Two aspects of speech technology are discussed, namely, speech synthesis and speech recognition. Speech synthesis is mainly used to generate verbal warning messages whenever a problem is detected in the vehicle. In addition, verbal messages can be generated to advise the driver to perform certain tasks to improve the performance of the automobile. In the second application of voice technology, namely, speech recognition, the basic goal is to create hands-free control of some of the automobile functions, taking direction from the driver's voice     

Efficiency of particle acceleration,heating, and melting in high-enthalpy plasma jets

Local and average values across the cross section of a plasma jet of the velocity and temperature of Al₂O₃, Ti, and Mo particles heated by plasma are determined as a result of data processing on high-speed registration of particle tracks; the velocity changes of these particles along the axis of a plasma jet at different modes of operation of the experimental setup of plasma spraying are also determined. These data made it possible to choose the optimal spraying mode, wherein the particles collide with the surface of the substrate in a molten state, where the fields of velocities and temperature are homogeneous. Calculation of all the parameters of particles mentioned is carried out with regard to their dynamic and thermal delay relative to carrying flow, nonisothermality of particles of low-heat-conducting oxides, as well as matter evaporation from the particles’ surfaces. Calculation results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.     

Efficiency,skin strength and sorptivity of fly ash concretes

Four grades of concrete with and without fly ash were devised and tested for compressive strength. The concretes were cured in three different curing regimes. The skin strength of concretes under inadequate curing was calculated by assuming a linear model for the variation of strength, and the strength difference between cement and fly ash concretes has been worked out. The skin strength of cement concretes was found to be higher than that of fly ash concretes. The test results were found to be affected by the size of the test specimen, when proper curing was not provided. The difference in sorptivity of fly ash and cement concretes cured for four days and not provided with any initial curing has been included. For all grades of concrete, the sorptivity of fly ash concrete was found to be marginally higher. The difference in sorptivity between fly ash and cement concretes was observed to increase as the strength of the mix decreased. The effect of initial curing was found to be highly significant. The sorptivity of samples with no curing was twice as much as those with four days initial curing. Besides the material properties, the age and strength of a fly ash concrete were also found to be important factors in determining the cementing efficiency of the fly ash.     

The Internet phenomenon

The Internet presents a vision of unlimited knowledge in information, text, sound, images and film transmitted at low cost directly to the point required. Most people have heard of the Internet but the information available seems so endless as to be overwhelming. The article describes the origins and unique nature of this phenomenon. It categorises the main components of the Internet in order to provide a foundation of understanding on which to build. Briefly discussed are E-mail, Usenet, the World Wide Web, and remote access to library catalogues and databases     

Measurement of Extraction Efficiency and Excitation Efficiency of Lasers

Abstract

A new method permits the determination of diffraction losses, scattering losses and small-signal gain from the time delay between starting the pumping and onset of laser oscillation. Combined with a measurement of output power, this method provides extraction efficiency and excitation efficiency, and this detailed knowledge of all parameters allows a systematic optimization of the laser efficiency.