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Rennie AM 《Applied ergonomics》1981,12(3):163-168
Consumer products may be evaluated by technical tests or by ergonomics assessments. If an ergonomics assessment is required, then three types of test are available to the researcher. These are the user trial, the expert appraisal and the performance test. These three methods are described briefly and some advantages, disadvantages and issues arising from each are discussed. It is concluded that although the user trial will always assume an important role for the evaluation of many products, expert appraisals and performance tests can prove to be cost effective methods in certain circumstances. Some controversial areas requiring further research are highlighted. 相似文献
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《Ergonomics》2012,55(9):1029-1038
The problem studied here is how to integrate system ergonomics into industrial product development. The concept of a product is defined, and the difference between a product and a man-machine system is made clear. There then follows an analysis of the product development process. The main questions in this connection are: What is product development? What are the subfunctions of the product development process? What relationships exisl between these subfunctions? Whal happens in industrial enterprise when developing a new product? What role does the system ergonomist play during product development? 相似文献
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This case study was carried out at a Volvo plant in Sweden where manual material handling was done in the form of kitting materials for manual assembly workstations. Due to inefficiency as well as ergonomics factors, the management planned a redesign of the kitting area. A group of workers and researchers was formed and a participatory ergonomic approach was used in which 3D CAD visualization presented solutions. Production and mechanical exposure data were used as input to the group. The results showed that the use of computerized visualization was successful in improving participatory ergonomic work. However, characteristics of visualization software, for example, including animation and manikins, seem to be important for reaching improvements. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 13: 1–17, 2003. 相似文献
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Consumer ergonomics has emerged as one of the mainstream areas of ergonomics research and application. This paper discusses the background to this development and provides a framework for the three special issues of Applied Ergonomics devoted to this topic. The main aspects of current consumer ergonomics research, for example the fields of application, available techniques and relevant criteria, are reviewed by drawing on papers from this special series and other complementary published work. Some criticisms are made relating to the failure to achieve the systematic application of ergonomics in the design process, and a series of recommendations is made as to how the contribution of ergonomics could be made more effective. Finally, the future of consumer ergonomics in considered in the light of three major trends - the increased complexity of products, changes in social climate and forthcoming changes in consumer legislation. 相似文献
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《Ergonomics》2012,55(12):1696-1720
AbstractAnthropometry is a key element of ergonomic studies for addressing the problem of fitting the tasks/products to user characteristics, but there is a gap between anthropometric data and their application for designing ergonomic products and environments. This research was conducted to review the literature on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products and environments, and to identify where further research is needed to improve its application and evaluation protocols. One hundred and sixteen papers meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Although a number of anthropometric investigations have been conducted to improve the design of products/environments for different users, further research seems to be necessary, particularly for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities. Different anthropometric measurement methods/techniques and fitting criteria are discussed regarding their applicability for various design applications. This review also highlights methodological issues (sampling considerations and prototype evaluation and testing) that should be considered in future research to ensure a user-centred approach of the design process.Practitioner Summary: A literature review was conducted on the methodology and applications of anthropometry for the ergonomic design of products/environments. This review emphasises the need for anthropometric research to design for special groups, such as children, the elderly and people with disabilities, and methodological issues that should be considered in future research.Abbreviations: 1D: one-dimensional; 2D: two-dimensional; 3D: three-dimensional; HF/E: Human Factors/Ergonomics; PCA: Principal Components Analysis; CA: Cluster Analysis; DHM: Digital Human Modelling 相似文献
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This paper deals with internal challenges that the human factors/ergonomics (HFE) research faces when wishing to strengthen its contribution to development of work systems. Three established characteristics of high-quality HFE, i.e., HFE takes a systems approach, HFE is design-driven, and HFE focuses on two closely related outcomes, performance and well-being, are taken as a starting point of a methodological discussion, in which conceptual innovations, e.g. adopting the technology-in-use perspective, are proposed to support development of HFE towards the high-quality aims. The feasibility of the proposed conceptual choices is demonstrated by introducing a naturalistic HFE analysis approach including four HFE functions. The gained experience of the use of this approach in a number of complex work domains allows the conclusion that becoming design-driven appears as that most difficult quality target for HFE to reach. Creating an own design discipline identity in a multi-voiced collaboration is the key internal challenge for human factors/ergonomics. 相似文献
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M Schoone-Harmsen 《Ergonomics》1990,33(4):431-437
The Product Safety Method is a method to detect and solve product safety problems. It consists of two parts, analysis and synthesis. The analysis can be used to evaluate products on their safety, by gaining insight into possible accidents with the product and into critical factors connected with either the product, the actions of the user or environmental conditions. The synthesis offers a structured list of solution strategies for the generation of effective solutions to the detected safety problems. The method may be used by both ergonomists and product designers. In conclusion problems in determining the usability and effectiveness of the method are discussed as well as how to adapt the method to fit the world of professional design practice. 相似文献
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《Ergonomics》2012,55(10):1025-1034
In this paper an overview is given of what has been done in the field of ergonomics on behalf of the building and construction industry. Characteristics of the building and construction are given in relation to working conditions. The developments within this branch of industry are described in view of perspectives for a better future. 相似文献
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Tom Stewart 《Behaviour & Information Technology》1984,3(4):319-327
The office is a major target for the suppliers of computer systems but it is rather more than the 'paperwork factory' of the advertisements. Various items of 'new' technology promise all manner of benefits from electronic filing to video conferencing. However, many of the components of the advanced office system are similar to the displays, keyboards, printers, black boxes and wiring of traditional computing and bring with them the same ergonomic problems for the users when they interact with the office environment. Solving these problems involves taking a systems approach to the office. A key concept is the system life cycle and in this paper eight ergonomics inputs relevant to the different stages of office-system design are identified. 相似文献
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《Behaviour & Information Technology》2012,31(4):319-327
Abstract The office is a major target for the suppliers of computer systems but it is rather more than the ‘paperwork factory’ of the advertisements. Various items of ‘new’ technology promise all manner of benefits from electronic filing to video conferencing. However, many of the components of the advanced office system are similar to the displays, keyboards, printers, black boxes and wiring of traditional computing and bring with them the same ergonomic problems for the users when they interact with the office environment. Solving these problems involves taking a systems approach to the office. A key concept is the system life cycle and in this paper eight ergonomics inputs relevant to the different stages of office-system design are identified. 相似文献
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Customer-driven product design and evaluation method for collaborative design environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chen Liu Alejandro Ramirez-Serrano Guofu Yin 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2011,22(5):751-764
Product concept generation and evaluation in a product development environment has been identified as the two major activities
needed for obtaining an optimal design scheme. Product conceptual design is of critical importance in design through customer
involvement for the systematic and simultaneous consideration on the impact of design decisions on manufacturing and assembly
leads to repeated and excessive changes in design and processes. This paper introduces a novel knowledge support approach
for the organization and ranking of design feature knowledge towards an integrated product model that incorporates a feature-based
representation scheme targeted to evaluate the impact of design on subsequent activities in the conceptual design phase, taking
into account the presence of design information and user preferences. An uncertain linguistic multi-attribute decision-making
evaluation model is proposed and discussed for obtaining an optimal design scheme during the evaluation and selection of product
design alternatives in conceptual design. The focus of this paper is on the development of a knowledge-intensive support design
scheme and a comprehensive systematic fuzzy evaluation methodology for product conceptual design generation, evaluation, and
selection. A case study and the corresponding scenario of knowledge support for design alternatives generation, evaluation
and selection are provided for illustration. 相似文献
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随着新产品开发技术的发展,人们对产品使用性能和外观艺术的要求越来越高。但概念设计不仅仅体现艺术性,更应符合工业产品的制造特点和使用特性。认为产品概念设计方案的可制造性决定于概念设计的工业设计阶段,并针对工业设计因素建立概念设计评价体系。认为产品概念设计可制造性评价是一个多层次、多属性的决策问题,建立概念设计评价模型,并基于多属性决策的理论知识给予了解决。 相似文献
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Kleeman WB 《Applied ergonomics》1982,13(2):125-127
By referring to recent evidence that office workers are being made more aware of the inadequacies of their workplaces, and that they are recognising these deficiencies themselves, the gap between what is commonly done in office design and what is now required is exposed. From examples the author suggests how this gap can be efficiently closed and what work is necessary to achieve this closure. 相似文献
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A 4-week UNESCO-sponsored mission to the Department of Architecture, Karadeniz Technical University in Eastern Turkey, gave an opportunity to apply ergonomics techniques to some aspects of that country's domestic washbasin design. The study was intended to provide experience in questionnaire design and administration, in the application of psycho-physical methods, and to highlight the importance of determining user characteristics and preferences with regard to the built environment. A field study elicited information on dimensions and positioning of existing wash-basins and ancillary equipment and the opinions of users as to the suitability of these features in relation to the activities performed. A laboratory study, using an adjustable rig permitting variation in the heights of basin, taps and mirror/shelf, followed. The data obtained on preferred heights of these items led to the conclusions that basin height should be increased to between 95 and 100 cm to satisfy the majority of users; tap height above the basin should be reduced to about 11 cm; the shelf and lower edge of a mirror sited above the basin should be 136 cm above the floor; and a clear space of 110 cm should be available between the front of the basin and a wall or other obstruction. Suggestions on other design aspects of the bathroom, resulting from the study, are discussed. 相似文献
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Frederick EC 《Applied ergonomics》1984,15(4):281-287
Various features of the design of running shoes have been known to affect the performance and safety of athletes. The performance related effects of shoe design on traction and on the economy of locomotion are reviewed in this paper. Traction measurements in various types of running shoes and on various surfaces appear adequate for all but running on wet asphalt roads. Future designs should improve traction for those conditions. Effects on the economy of locomotion as small as 1% can be determined using conventional oxygen uptake measurements. The effect of carrying extra weight on the foot during running has been measured at 1% per 100 g per foot. The cost of carrying similar weights is much lower for walking or for running when the weight is carried nearer the body's centre of mass. Cushioning and other features of shoe design besides weight have been shown to have significant effects on the economy of locomotion. Optimum designs for maximising running performance should provide sufficient traction, minimal weight and maximum cushioning. 相似文献
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Xiuzi Ye Author Vitae Hongzheng Liu Author Vitae Zhiyang Chen Sanyuan Zhang 《Computer aided design》2008,40(7):812-827
Today’s product designer is being asked to develop high quality, innovative products at an ever increasing pace. To meet this need, an intensive search is underway for advanced design methodologies that facilitate the acquisition of design knowledge and creative ideas for later reuse. Additionally, designers are embracing a wide range of 3D digital design applications, such as 3D digitization, 3D CAD and CAID, reverse engineering (RE), CAE analysis and rapid prototyping (RP). In this paper, we propose a reverse engineering innovative design methodology called Reverse Innovative Design (RID). The RID methodology facilitates design and knowledge reuse by leveraging 3D digital design applications. The core of our RID methodology is the definition and construction of feature-based parametric solid models from scanned data. The solid model is constructed with feature data to allow for design modification and iteration. Such a construction is well suited for downstream analysis and rapid prototyping. In this paper, we will review the commercial availability and technological developments of some relevant 3D digital design applications. We will then introduce three RE modelling strategies: an autosurfacing strategy for organic shapes; a solid modelling strategy with feature recognition and surface fitting for analytical models; and a curve-based modelling strategy for accurate reverse modelling. Freeform shapes are appearing with more frequency in product development. Since their “natural” parameters are hard to define and extract, we propose construction of a feature skeleton based upon industrial or regional standards or by user interaction. Global and local product definition parameters are then linked to the feature skeleton. Design modification is performed by solving a constrained optimization problem. A RID platform has been developed and the main RE strategies and core algorithms have been integrated into SolidWorks as an add-in product called ScanTo3D. We will use this system to demonstrate our RID methodology on a collection of innovative consumer product design examples. 相似文献