防老剂350和PS-988与其它防老剂的性能对比试验

在NR中进行了新型防老剂３５０和ＰＳ－９８８与传统防老剂Ａ，D，RD和4010NA的热氧老化、抗屈挠龟裂与抗裂口增长及大气老化对比试验，并研究了对NR胶料硫化速度的影响。结果表明，不同防老剂对NR胶料的硫化速度基本无影响；对NR胶料热氧老化性能影响的优劣顺序为：RD和4010NA，A和D，0．5份PS－988，0．3份PS－988；防老剂4010NA的抗屈挠性能量优，而防老剂350与A相当，且优于防老剂PS－988和350；防老剂4010NA和0．5份PS－988的大气老化抗龟裂扩展性能好于防老剂A，350和0．3份PS－988。     

高全同聚丁烯-1的防老化研究

研究了抗氧剂1010和辅助抗氧剂DLTP对高全同聚丁烯-1的防护效果。加工热稳定性测试试验表明:1010的最佳组分是0.3份;DLTP的加入能大幅度提高防护效果。长效热稳定性试验表明:防护效果随1010的加入量的增加而提高,当1010超过0.1份后防护效果趋于稳定;DLTP的加入能够提高热氧稳定性。     

白炭黑用于不同牌号天然橡胶三元乙丙共混胶补强研究

将白炭黑作为橡胶材料的补强材料,添加到四种不同牌号的天然橡胶(NR)和三元乙丙(EPDM)共混胶中,制备了NR/EPDM橡胶复合材料。通过拉伸测试,撕裂强度测试,扫描电镜,磨耗试验和热氧老化等测试研究各项性能的变化。结果表明,为获得最佳力学性能,编号为B的天然橡胶的综合性能最好,具体配方为:NR 60份,EPDM 40份,硫黄3份,白炭黑50份,ZnO 5份,硬脂酸2份,促进剂CZ 0.5份,防老剂RD 2份,防焦剂CTP 1份,石蜡油10份,固化温度150℃,固化压力10 MPa,硫化时间10 min。通过SEM分析可知,白炭黑与NR/EPDM的混合相容性很好。拉伸测试,撕裂强度测试,磨耗试验和热氧老化系数的最佳值分别是20.4 MPa,95 k N/m,0.040 cm3,79%。     

EPDM配合体系的研究

通过对EPDM品种、硫化体系、补强体系和防护体系的选择，制备强伸性能和耐热空气老化性能均良好的EPDM胶料。优化配方为EPDM（EP33）100，炭黑N22050，氧化锌5，硬脂酸 1，防老剂4010 2，机油 5，硫黄 1．5，促进剂TMTD 1，促进剂M 0．5。     

耐高温三元乙丙橡胶制备研究

通过选择合适的耐热防老剂和以白炭黑和氧化镁作填充剂,并用EVM等,通过合理的配合,制备了耐高温三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)。结果表明,以防老剂NBC 2.5份,氧化镁20份,EVM 10份制备出的EPDM胶料,其硫化胶经175℃,24 h热空气老化后的扯断伸长保持率80%以上,且综合性能良好。     

几种配合剂对环氧化天然橡胶性能的影响

研究了氢氧化镁、氧化锌及硬脂酸对环氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）硫化特性、硫化胶的力学性能及老化性能的影响。结果表明：加入２份氢氧化镁可有效地提高ＥＮＲ的硫化速度、拉伸强度和抗热氧老化性能；氧化锌和硬脂酸对硫化胶网络的完善是不可缺少的。用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）比较了几种防老剂（防老剂Ｄ，Ｈ．ＷＳＰ，ＭＢ．４０１０，ＳＰ）在ＥＮＲ中的防护效果。结果表明防老剂Ｄ的效果最好。以防老剂Ｄ与防老剂ＭＢ并用，加入２份氢氧化镁、２份硬脂酸和５份氧化锌，不仅可缩短硫化时间，而且可大幅度提高硫化胶的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率和老化系数。     

PVC/改性剑麻纤维木塑复合材料的紫外加速老化性能研究

采用KH-550偶联剂对剑麻纤维进行改性处理,然后与聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂、光稳定剂以及其他助剂通过塑炼、模压成型制备PVC基木塑复合材料板材,然后对其进行紫外加速老化试验。光稳定剂为自制的3种二苯甲酮类聚合型光稳定剂P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-OA)、P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-mPEGA)、 P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-OA-co-mPEGA)与目前常用的紫外线吸收剂UV-0、UV-531。测试了老化前后的拉伸强度保持率、表面接触角、热萃取损失率变化情况对PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料的紫外光老化性能的影响。结果表明,添加高分子光稳定剂的PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料具有优于添加UV-0、UV-531紫外光吸收剂的综合耐紫外光老化性能,尤其是P(HABP-co-MTMP-co-OA-co-mPEGA)光稳定剂对木塑复合材料的紫外光老化效果最好;3种高分子光稳定剂的添加使PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料的表面纤维裸露程度以及微小裂纹明显少于未添加光稳定剂的PVC/改性剑麻纤维复合材料。     

复合型防老剂对树脂级低顺式聚丁二烯橡胶性能的影响

研究9种防老剂单用和并用对树脂级低顺式聚丁二烯橡胶(LCBR)性能的影响。结果表明:在9种防老剂中,单独使用防老剂1010、防老剂1520和西尼尔6308的防老化效果较好;复合使用防老剂时,防老剂1010/TNPP和防老剂1520/TNPP并用体系的防老化效果较好;当防老剂1010/TNPP并用比为80/20或防老剂1520/TNPP并用比为70/30时,LCBR的耐热氧老化性能最佳;防老剂1010/TNPP和防老剂1520/TNPP并用体系均能提高改性树脂HIPS和ABS的物理性能。     

非硫化型氯化聚乙烯(CPE)防水卷材耐热老化性能研究及寿命估算

为了研究阻燃增塑剂氯化石蜡、增强剂炭黑N330、轻质氧化镁对CPE防水卷材热老化性能的影响规律,对老化前后的试样进行拉伸、热重分析(TGA)和红外光谱分析等测试,并运用非等温动态热重分析法对最优配方的防水卷材进行寿命估算.结果表明:增塑剂迁移是CPE防水卷材热老化的主要因素,氯化石蜡的最佳用量是15份;轻质氧化镁在非硫...     

汽车用PA6/ABS带色合金材料的研究

选用聚酰胺(PA6)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)高胶粉和相容剂,制备了PA6/ABS合金材料。研究了ABS用量对PA6/ABS合金材料加工性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,ABS含量不同,挤出状态不同;ABS含量越高材料的流动性越差;随着ABS含量的降低,材料的拉伸强度依次升高,悬臂梁冲击强度和热变形温度呈不同的变化规律。选择PA6∶ABS=70∶25配方,对比不同抗氧剂时带色材料经热氧老化后颜色的变化及色粉含量增加后颜色的变化。结果表明,受阻酚类抗氧剂(1010)和硫醚类抗氧剂(DLTP)的复合抗氧体系和抗氧剂H10对抑制PA6/ABS合金材料热氧老化后的颜色黄变有很好的作用;通过添加钛白粉来增加色粉的含量可以明显降低材料经热氧老化后的颜色变化率,1010和DLTP的复合抗氧体系较抗氧剂H161能更好地抑制PA6/ABS合金材料热氧老化后C—N键的断裂和生色基团羰基的产生。研制的灰色PA6/ABS合金材料已应用于汽车儿童座椅配件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。