α-Al2O3纳米粉对高纯刚玉砖烧结性能的影响

研究了在刚玉砖基质中分别引入0.5%,1%,2%和3%的α-Al2O3纳米粉及分别引入4%,8%和12%的α-Al2O3微粉时对高纯刚玉砖烧结性能的影响.检测试样于1100℃、1300℃、1400℃、1500℃、1600℃和1700℃保温5 h热处理后的体积密度和强度,并用扫描电镜观察其显微结构.结果表明同时加入α-Al2O3纳米粉和α-Al2O3微粉可以促进固相烧结,改善制品烧结性能,使烧结温度降低200～400℃;当α-Al2O3纳米粉加入量为1%～2%,α-Al2O3微粉加入量为4%～8%时,烧结温度可降到1400～1500℃,此时,试样的体积密度和强度达到最佳值.其烧结机理是以扩散传质为主的固相烧结.     

结合剂对Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能的影响

以电熔镁铝尖晶石(粒度为5～3mm、3～1mm)和电熔白刚玉颗粒(粒度<1mm)以及白刚玉细粉、碳化硅细粉、活性αAl2O3微粉、Si粉和球状沥青等为主要原料,在保持基料的配比不变的条件下分别采用铝酸钙水泥(w,3%) SiO2微粉(w,2%)及ρAl2O3(w,4%)为结合剂,振动成型为Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiC-C试样,室温养护24h后脱模,分别于110℃24h、1100℃3h和1500℃3h(埋炭)条件下热处理,然后测定试样的体积密度、显气孔率、线变化率、抗折强度、耐压强度和抗渣性。试验结果表明:铝酸钙水泥 SiO2微粉结合的浇注料流动性较好,经110℃24h、1100℃3h和1500℃3h(埋炭)热处理后,试样的显气孔率较小,体积密度较大,常温耐压强度和常温抗折强度优于以ρAl2O3为结合剂的;但是,采用铝酸钙水泥 SiO2微粉作结合剂的试样经1500℃埋炭3h处理后的线变化率较大,试样的高温抗折强度和抗侵蚀性能也明显低于ρAl2O3结合试样的。     

Al_2O_3-Si材料埋炭加热过程中性能和显微结构的变化

以电熔刚玉(骨料和细粉)和Si粉(加入质量分数为5%或8%)为原料,以纸浆废液为结合剂,压制成Al2O3-Si样坯,在1000～1600℃埋炭加热后,检测其物相组成、显微结构和性能的变化。结果表明:(1)1100℃以前物相和结构没有变化;(2)1200℃烧后,Si开始与CO反应生成晶须状SiC,且晶须相互交叉连锁,材料开始烧结,其高温抗折强度和抗热震性明显提高;(3)1300～1400℃烧后,SiC晶须生成量明显增加,且发育长大,形成交叉连锁的网络结构填充在刚玉骨架中,材料烧结良好,具有更高的高温强度和更好的抗热震性,而且1400℃烧后试样中还出现少量O’-SiAlON晶体;(4)1500～1600℃烧后,SiC晶体发育长大,呈枝杈状和弯曲状,SiC生成量略有增加,试样的高温强度和抗热震性变化不明显,表明在此温度范围材料烧结基本完成。     

SiO_2微粉加入量对ρ-Al_2O_3微粉结合刚玉浇注料的影响

在ρ-Al2O3微粉结合刚玉浇注料中分别加入2%和5%的SiO2微粉,制成40 mm×40 mm×160 mm的试样,分别经110℃24 h、1 200 ℃ 3 h和1 500℃3 h热处理后,测定试样的常温抗折强度;在上述配比的基础上去掉其中的骨料,制成15 mm×15 mm×55 mm的基质试样,分别经110℃24 h、1 200℃1 h和1 500℃1 h热处理后,采用扫描电镜分析试样的显微结构.结果表明:1)加入SiO2微粉可以显著提高ρ-Al2O3微粉结合刚玉浇注料在110℃24 h、1 200℃3 h和1 500℃3 h条件下热处理后的常温抗折强度,SiO2微粉加入量以2%(w)为佳;2)SiO2微粉水化后形成网状絮凝结构以及在中高温处理过程中SiO2微粉与ρ-Al2O3微粉反应生成莫来石,是导致含SiO2微粉的ρ-Al2O3微粉结合刚玉浇注料常温抗折强度增大的原因.     

C-Si复合还原氮化合成矾土基β-SiAlON

设计β-SiAlON的z值为3,以68%的生矾土(粒度≤0.074mm,烧后Al2O3含量约68%)、13%的硅粉(粒度≤0.021mm)和19%的炭黑(粒度≤5μm)为原料混合均匀后,装入坩埚中,在氮化炉中分别于1100℃、1200℃、1300℃、1350℃、1400℃、1450℃、1500℃和1550℃氮化处理6h后,测氮化后试样的质量变化率,并借助XRD、SEM及EDS等手段,同时研究了C-Si复合还原氮化合成矾土基β-SiAlON的反应过程。研究结果表明:(1)采用C-Si复合还原氮化的试样,在1100~1200℃时主要是Si与氮气和SiO2反应生成的Si2N2O;1300~1400℃时,C开始参与还原氮化反应,体系中开始有β-SiAlON生成;1450~1550℃时,β-SiAlON量逐渐增多,1500℃达到最大值。(2)与单一采用C、Si的试样相比,采用C-Si复合还原氮化的试样生成的β-SiAlON含量相对高,结晶形貌相对较好。     

高铝矾土-硅粉氮化合成SiAlON的过程研究

分别以w(Al2O3)为68.08%和45.56%的两种高铝矾土及硅粉为原料,按合成SiAlON的理论配比配料(Si粉过量5%),成型后在流动N2(流量为0.06~0.1m3.h-1)中进行热重分析,同时测定试样在不同温度(900~1500℃)保温6h后的质量变化,并分析氮化后试样的物相变化,从而探讨该试样的氮化过程及其机理。结果表明,高铝矾土-硅粉试样在流动N2中的氮化反应过程可大致分为3个阶段:1)Si粉氮化阶段(900~1200℃),Si粉氮化生成Si3N4和Si2N2O;2)SiAlON形成阶段(1300~1400℃),生成O’-SiAlON和β-SiAlON;3)β-SiAlON的生长发育阶段(1450~1500℃),部分O’-SiAlON转化为β-SiAlON,Al2O3在β-SiAlON中的固溶度增加。     

煅烧气氛对Al2O3-Si材料组成、结构和性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉、α-Al2O3微粉和Si粉为主要原料,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,制备Al2O3-Si复合材料试样.研究了煅烧气氛对1 500℃烧后试样性能、组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明:1)在氧化气氛和弱氧化气氛中煅烧后,试样表面生成含莫来石的玻璃膜,保护了试样内部的单质Si;由于单质Si的液相助烧结作用,试样的致密度和常温强度较高,但其高温抗折强度和抗热震性较低.2)在弱还原气氛和还原气氛中煅烧后,试样中的单质Si完全与Al2O3和通过气孔进入的CO、N2反应,生成晶须状SiC、粒状Si2N2O(或絮状O'-SiAlON),试样的致密度和常温强度减小,高温强度和抗热震性提高.3)在氮气气氛中煅烧后,Si完全反应生成短柱状β-SiAlON 和晶须状SiC,试样的高温强度和抗热震性明显提高.     

SiO2微粉加入量对刚玉质超低水泥浇注料高温性能的影响

研究了SiO2微粉加入量为0、2%、4%、6%和8%时对刚玉质超低水泥浇注料的烧结性能、高温强度及抗热震性能的影响.结果表明随着SiO2微粉加入量的增加,试样的烧结性能和抗热震性得到明显改善,在1400℃时的高温抗折强度也显著提高.讨论认为,试样高温性能提高的主要原因是SiO2微粉与Al2O3反应生成的莫来石穿插或弥散在刚玉颗粒形成的骨架结构的孔隙中起增韧作用.     

不同含铝微粉对原位莫来石结合SiC多孔陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响

为降低陶瓷膜支撑体的制作成本,以SiC颗粒为骨料,分别以α-Al_2O_3微粉、ρ-Al_2O_3微粉以及Al(OH)3粉作为莫来石相的铝源,利用烧结过程中Si C微粉表面氧化产生的SiO2作为硅源,以木炭粉为造孔剂,碱式碳酸镁作为助烧结剂,于1 350℃保温3 h在空气气氛下无压烧结制备原位莫来石结合SiC多孔陶瓷膜支撑体试样,并研究了三种不同含铝微粉对试样性能的影响。结果表明:经1 350℃烧后,采用活性ρ-Al_2O_3微粉结合的试样抗折强度达到19. 9 MPa,分别高于采用α-Al_2O_3和Al(OH)3结合试样的51. 1%和33. 5%。SEM及XRD分析表明,添加活性ρ-Al_2O_3微粉的试样内部颗粒之间的颈部结合程度最好,原位生成的莫来石相最多。     

SiO2微粉加入量对Al2O3-SiC-Al耐火材料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉、SiC粉、α-Al2O3微粉、Al粉和SiO2微粉为主要原料,以有机硅树脂作结合剂,制备了Al2O3-SiC-Al复合材料。借助差热分析、XRD、SEM等方法研究了SiO2微粉加入量(分别为0、2%、4%、6%)对分别于300℃、500℃、800℃、1100℃、1300℃和1600℃保温3h处理后试样的烧结性能、物相组成和显微结构等的影响。结果表明:随着SiO2微粉加入量的增加,试样的强度逐渐升高,体积密度增大,显气孔率降低,并在SiO2加入量为4%时试样的物理性能达到最好;加入的SiO2微粉不仅能降低Al与周围空气中氧的反应,且与Al反应生成的Si能改善Al与SiC的润湿性,提高材料的结合能力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。