硫对Y40CrCaS易切削刚性能的影响

为了研究１８ｔ电弧炉冶炼Ｙ４０ＣｒＣａＳ易切削钢的工艺参数及冶金效果，对１００ｋｇ感应炉采用喷射冶金方法，研究其工艺效果。实验证明，在保证钢中钙含量为０．００５％￣０．００７％的前提下，硫含量为０．１６５％，切削速度为２００，／ｍｉｎ，切削温度为８８０℃时，在刀具后刀面上形成了一层保护膜，使刀具寿命比切削Ｙ４０ＣｒＣａ钢时高１５倍。保护膜成分为３６．７８％Ａｌ２Ｏ３，３９．９８％ＳｉＯ２，１６．４     

提高钙易切削钢的切削性能

影响易切削钢的切削性能的关键因素是钢中夹杂物。作者采用钢包喷粉的加钙方法,经过实验室规模和工业生产规模的试验,建立了合理的炼钢工艺及喷粉工艺,有效地控制了钢中的夹杂物,从而研制成了切削性能优越的钙易切削钢和钙硫易切削钢。所研制成功的钙易切削钢,具有一项独特的优点,即它的切削刀具寿命竞随切削速度的增加而增加;而钙硫易切削钢,其切削性能比钙易切削钢更高,除刀具寿命长达800min外,切削力也降低了约7％,即电能消耗可降低约7％,这一点在能源紧张的今天也具有非常重要的意义。     

X70管线钢钙处理研究

在X70管线钢LF精炼后期分别以100 m/min和200 m/min速度向钢中喂入300~500 m硅钙线或添加硅钙钡铁,对钢中夹杂物进行变性处理。喂钙后钢样、结晶器钢样和铸坯样中的CaTot和夹杂物分析表明:钙处理后钢中钙含量在不断下降;夹杂物的组成、形貌和尺寸也在不断变化。根据钢中夹杂物的变化、夹杂物对高级别管线钢性能和连铸顺行的影响,提出了高级别管线钢生产中夹杂物变性控制策略。     

改变钙系脱磷剂熔渣组成对脱磷的影响

对预处理CaO-Fe2O3-CaF2系脱磷熔剂进行实验研究，变化渣系中CaO、Fe2O3和CaF2之间的比例，并在脱磷剂中分别配加Al2O3和Na2CO3,从而不同程度提高了脱磷率。实验结果表明：熔剂脱磷率随m(CaF2)／m(Fe2O3)(钙氧比)的增大而增大；用Al2O3部分替代CaF2，终点钢中ω(P)可以控制在0．003％-0．006％的水平，脱磷率高达90％以上。     

含硫齿轮钢20CrMnTiH中硫化物对切削性能的影响

在不同切削速度(200～230 m/min)和切削深度(0.5～2 mm)下试验研究了普通20CrMnTiH齿轮钢(0.006%S)和含硫20CrMnTiH齿轮钢(0.031%S)的切削性能。结果表明,随切削速度增大,刀具的磨损增大,在200 m/min,0.031%S钢是0.006%S钢刀具的使用寿命的2.8倍;在230 m/min,0.031%S钢是0.006%S钢刀具使用寿命的2.6倍;随切削深度增加,切削力增加,但在相同切削深度下,0.031%S钢的切削力低于普通0.006%S钢;由于0.031%S钢存在≤6μm的MnS夹杂,使切屑易断,并硫化物夹杂能够包裹Al₂O₃尖晶石夹杂,减少刀具磨损,提高钢材的切削性能。     

低碳铝镇静钢钙处理Al_2O_3系夹杂改质的热力学计算

使用钙处理法把Al2O3系夹杂改质为钙铝酸盐的程度,主要取决于钙与硫还是与Al2O3系夹杂进行反应。通过热力学计算,推导了钙处理Al2O3系夹杂,改质为不同xCaO·yAl2O3的临界硫含量a[S]e=K5·a1/3Al2O3/(a(CaO)·a2/3[Al])和临界钙含量值a[Ca]e=a(CaO)·a2/3[Al]·(K4·a2/3Al2O3)-1。推荐了在工业生产中,既能在精炼温度下使Al2O3系夹杂呈液态,有利于夹杂物上浮;又能在连铸时,防止中间包水口蓄流的钢中钙的推荐值([Ca]T),根据钢液不同的[Al]含量(0.01%~0.05%),[Ca]T应控制在13×10-6~41×10-6。     

钙系脱氧剂在ASEA—SKF钢包精炼炉的工业试验

本文对AESA－SKF钢包精炼炉使用钙系脱氧剂进行了工业试验，分析了其脱氧、脱硫、夹杂变性和金属收得率的使用效果。结果表明，钙系脱氧剂不仅有一定的脱氧、脱硫效果，而且可以使钢中夹杂物获得变性，同时提高合金收得率，具有良好的应用前景。     

钙处理对20CrMnTiH齿轮钢中非金属夹杂物的影响

铝脱氧齿轮钢中易生成大量的高熔点Al₂O₃类夹杂物,容易导致水口结瘤及钢材性能恶化,目前较常采用钙处理将钢中高熔点的Al₂O₃类夹杂物改性为低熔点的钙铝酸盐类夹杂物。合理的钙处理可以减轻水口结瘤并提高连铸过程钢液的可浇性,工业试验研究了喂钙前钢液中T.Ca含量、喂钙速度、喂钙量、净空高度及渣厚等参数对齿轮钢中钙收得率的影响,并在1.5 m·s?1的喂钙速度条件下研究了不同喂钙量对钙处理过程中齿轮钢中非金属夹杂物改性的影响。研究结果表明,当喂钙前钢液中T.Ca的质量分数小于10×10?6,喂钙速度为1.5 m·s?1,适当降低喂钙量和净空高度和渣厚,钢液中钙收得率均高于20%。当钢液中T.Ca的质量分数高于17×10?6时,钢中生成大量高熔点CaS型夹杂物,三元相图中夹杂物的平均质量分数远离液相区。随着齿轮钢中T.Ca含量的增加,夹杂物的平均尺寸和数密度逐渐增加。热力学计算结果与工业试验钙处理对钢中非金属夹杂物改性效果具有较好的一致性。      

钙系复合脱氧剂应用试验

攀钢集团成都钢铁有限责任公司80吨转炉在现有工艺流程和工艺的基础上,采用钙系复合脱氧剂代替CaBaAlSi脱氧剂对转炉钢水进行预脱氧的工业试验。结果表明,采用钙系复合脱氧剂对转炉钢水进行预脱氧,在吨钢消耗量低于CaBaAlSi脱氧剂的条件下,其脱氧能力、夹杂物的去除能力均不低于CaBaAlSi脱氧工艺,而且在脱氧过程中还具有12%~18%的脱硫率。     

管线钢钙处理工艺优化

针对X80M钢成品板材中夹杂物导致探伤合格率低的问题,对其炼钢过程进行排查发现,钙处理使用的硅钙线中有效钙含量偏低。通过更换硅钙线种类以及优化钙处理工艺,钙处理时控制钢水中w(S)25×10~(-6),将喂线速度由1.8 m/s提高至2.5 m/s,底吹流量由180～200 L/min降低为120～150 L/min,钢水中成品Ca质量分数控制在(13～25)×10~(-6),Al_2O_3夹杂均改性为低熔点铝酸钙夹杂,基本处于CaO-Al_2O_3-CaS三元相图中低熔点区,夹杂物尺寸均在50μm以下,X80M钢探伤合格率平均由94.60%提高至99.69%左右,保证了产品质量。     

熔炼次数对M17返回料合金成分、组织和性能的影响

实验结果表明,M17铸造高温合金(%:0.16C、8.79Cr、5.79A1、4.93Ti、3.29Mo、15.20Co、0.78V、0.015B、0.073Zr、0.002S、0.001P、0.001 1O、0.001 0N)经25 kg真空感应炉返回重熔后,Si含量随重熔次数的增加而略有增加,合金中主要元素和其它杂质元素S、P、H的含量变化不大,而氧、氮略有增加;合金中初生碳化物由新合金中的草书体逐渐向返回合金块状转变,初生碳化物的遗传性堵塞合金凝固时的补缩通道,使返回料合金的疏松倾向增大,高温塑性下降较大。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.