Common Spatial Pattern Ensemble Classifier and Its Application in Brain-Computer Interface

Abstract-Common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface （BCI）. However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on pooling the covariance matrices of trials. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach, named common spatial pattern ensemble （CSPE） classifier, to improve CSP performance. Through division of recording channels, multiple CSP filters are constructed. By projection, log-operation, and subtraction on the original signal, an ensemble classifier, majority voting, is achieved and outlier contaminations are alleviated. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed CSPE classifier is robust to various artifacts and can achieve an average accuracy of 83.02%.     

基于运动想象脑机接口的AuFBCSP方法

针对基于运动想象的脑机接口问题,提出了一种新的特征提取方法,即加强的滤波带宽共同空间模式方法。与传统的滤波带宽共同空间模式方法相比,文中提出的方法充分考虑了被试在进行运动想象时发生事件相关去同步时段的特异性,从而得到更多的特征,并利用这些特征分类,取得更高的准确率和kappa值。在特征的选择上,利用BCI的竞赛数据,将基于互信息的方法和基于准确率的方法进行对比,发现基于准确率的特征选择方法优于基于互信息的特征选择方法。     

An Algorithm for Idle-State Detection and Continuous Classifier Design in Motor-Imagery-Based BCI

Abstract-The development of asynchronous brain-computer interface （BCI） based on motor imagery （M1） poses the research in algorithms for detecting the nontask states （i.e., idle state） and the design of continuous classifiers that classify continuously incoming electroencephalogram （EEG） samples. An algorithm is proposed in this paper which integrates two two-class classifiers to detect idle state and utilizes a sliding window to achieve continuous outputs. The common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is used to extract features of EEG signals and the linear support vector machine （SVM） is utilized to serve as classifier. The algorithm is applied on dataset IVb of BCI competition Ⅲ, with a resulting mean square error of 0.66. The result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible in the first step of the development of asynchronous systems.     

An Algorithm for Idle-State Detection and Continuous Classifier Design in Motor-Imagery-Based BCI

The development of asynchronous braincomputer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery (MI) poses the research in algorithms for detecting the nontask states (i.e., idle state) and the design of continuous classifiers that classify continuously incoming electroencephalogram (EEG) samples. An algorithm is proposed in this paper which integrates two two-class classifiers to detect idle state and utilizes a sliding window to achieve continuous outputs. The common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm is used to extract features of EEG signals and the linear support vector machine (SVM) is utilized to serve as classifier. The algorithm is applied on dataset IVb of BCI competition III, with a resulting mean square error of 0.66. The result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible in the first step of the development of asynchronous systems.     

基于粗糙集离散化的多频带脑电特征选择方法的研究

不同的受试在进行运动想象时,脑电模式在频带分布上的差异较大,只有找到特定受试的有效特征,才能得到较好的实验效果。文中结合共同空间模型和粗糙集离散化算法的特征选择方法,来选取受试左右手运动想象的多频带脑电特征。与单频带特征相比,文中提出的方法提取的多频带脑电特征,能够有效的剔除了冗余特征量的干扰。实验结果表明(五位受试),文中提出的方法可以有效提高分类准确率。     

脑机接口中基于MRP的半监督判决空间模式法

在脑-机接口研究中,如果训练样本少,判决空间模式法不能很好地提取运动相关电位特征。为此,文中在半监督框架下,采用自训练方法,引入分类置信度高的无标记样本,迭代学习MRP的空间判决模式。实验结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于CI接口的机卡分离条件接收系统设计与实现

通过比较实现CA系统的3个技术方案，引入DVB—CI公共接口概念并给出了CA系统中CI接口设计的框图，对公共接口协议作了简述，在此基础上完成CI接口的硬件设计和软件开发实现，简要介绍了对公共接口的扩展应用。     

在线脑机接口中脑电信号的特征提取与分类方法

在脑机接口研究中,针对运动想象脑电信号的特征抽取,提出了一种基于离散小波变换和AR模型的方法.利用Daubechies类小波函数对脑电信号进行3层分解,抽取小波变换系数的统计特征;利用Burg算法提取脑电信号6阶AR模型系数.将这两类特征进行组合后使用神经网络、支持向量机、马氏距离线性判别进行分类并比较分析.采用BCI...     

A New Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier with Application to On-Line Face Detection and Recognition

In this paper, we propose a neuro-fuzzy classifier (NEFCAR) that utilizes positive and negative rules with different rule importances to create the decision boundaries between different classes. The locally unsupervised and globally supervised training technique is adopted. The decision-based and approximation-based strategies are combined to provide a suitable amount of training for each training pattern. The reinforced and anti-reinforced learning rules are given with different weighting so that the training can be efficient and can reach convergence quickly. Moreover, NEFCAR can easily provide the confidence measure of each classification decision. Therefore, the rejection algorithm can be implemented in a straightforward manner. Noise tolerant training is conducted to improve the generalization performance and the confidence measure is adopted to avoid overtraining. The proposed classifier is applied to two applications. The first one is the Fisher iris data classification, and the second one is an on-line face detection and recognition application. Good classification results are obtained in both applications. In the on-line face detection and recognition system, two NEFCAR's are utilized: a two-class and a multi-class NEFCAR's are adopted to detect the face and recognize the face, respectively. The color of skin and the motion information are taken into consideration heuristically to improve the effectiveness of the face location algorithm.     

微型计算机常用接口芯片应用

微型计算机虽然只有几十年的历史,但其发展速度惊人,应用范围愈来愈广。不仅可在工业控制,还可在企业管理、小型计算、教学、家庭生活电气化等方面得到应用。叙述了微型计算机及其控制系统,介绍了微机常用接口芯片,并举例说明接口芯片在工业控制过程中的灵活应用。     

计算机串行通信接口及其应用

串行通信是指计算机主机与外设之间以及主机系统与主机系统之间按位进行传输数据的一种通信方式。串行通信所需的传输线少,成本低,不仅适用于近距离的人-机交换及串行存储设备、实时控制系统,而且可借助现有的电话网等通信通道实现远距离传输,所以串行接口是计算机应用系统常用的接口。在设计通信接口时,必须根据需要选择接口标准,并考虑传输介质、电平转换等问题。     

一种蒸发波导的集合诊断方法及其数值预报应用

基于Babin模型并分析了海上蒸发波导对气象输入参数的敏感性,引入数值天气预报中集合预报的思路,提出了一种新的蒸发波导诊断方法——集合诊断方法（Babin_Ens法）.运用它对中国近海4个岛屿站点的实测数据进行了波导诊断结果的对比验证,发现：与Babin模型（Babin法）相比,Babin_Ens法使波导高度与强度偏差的平均改进率分别达到了23.49%与19.29%.进一步尝试运用Babin_Ens法对WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式的预报信息进行了蒸发波导的数值预报,波导高度与强度预报偏差的平均改进率分别提高了14.01%和16.92%.研究表明,集合诊断可以显著地提高波导信息的诊断准确度,是一种改进蒸发波导诊断准确度的可行途径.     

IEEE1394接口及其在全数字化制作网络中的应用

IEEE1394接口具有良好的物理特性和高速数据传输能力,非常适合数字视音频数据传输。通过IEEE1394创建高速局域网络,能够进行声音、图像信息的高质量的实时传送。分析IEEE1394接口技术,并结合实例介绍IEEE1394接口在中小电视台全数字化制作网络中的应用。     

并行接口铁电存储器FM1808及其应用

RAMTRON公司生产的并行接口高性能铁电存储器FM1808是NV -SRAM的理想替代产品。文中介绍了FM1808的性能特点、引脚功能和工作原理 ,同时重点介绍了铁电存储器的应用特点及与其它类型存储器之间的应用差别 ,给出了FM1808的设计应用要点     

基于方向图综合和空域插值的大型阵多波束形成技术

为了克服大型阵阵元级多波束形成的造价,复杂度和子阵级多波束形成的抑制栅瓣困难的问题,提出了一种方向图综合与空域插值相结合的方法,该方法既可以实现在任意方向上形成多个波束,又可以避免使用大量的数字权,简化了波束形成网络,具有较高的工程实用价值。计算推导和仿真结果均表明此方法是有效的。     

模拟电路故障诊断的双重扰动支持向量机集成方法

为进一步提高模拟电路故障诊断准确率,提出一种特征和模型参数双重扰动的集成支持向量机新算法.首先在集合覆盖思想下设计基于混沌蚁群算法的属性约简算法将特征样本空间划分成若干子空间,然后针对每个子空间,在"低偏差区域"内进行模型参数扰动,经过两次多数投票法得到最终集成结果.故障诊断实例表明,该方法比多分类支持向量机、Attribute Bagging(AB)算法、Bagging方法等具有更好的故障诊断率.     

PCI总线通用接口芯片CH361及其应用

CH361是一个简便易用的PCI总线通用接口芯片。可用于制作低成本的PCI总线的计算机板卡，同时也可以利用它把原来的ISA总线卡移植到PCI总线上。文中在介绍了CH361的特点、功能和工作模式的基础上，重点介绍了CH361与PCI总线、存储器、扩展ROM和I／O端口的接口电路。     

FC－AE－1553在飞机／悬挂物通用接口中的应用

介绍了 FC－AE－1553光纤总线在飞机／悬挂物通用接口中的具体应用,将通用数据接口速率从1 Mb／s 提升至2 Gb／s,以适应未来武器系统不断发展的海量数据传输需求。通过开发光纤通道（FC）接口卡并搭建交换式 FC－AE－1553验证系统,实现了 SAE AS5653标准（高速1760接口）规定的命令控制和文件传输功能。验证系统的网络延迟小、响应速度快,有助于推进 FC－AE－1553技术在飞机／悬挂物通用接口及其他航空航天领域的应用。     

多功能接口卡的设计及其在激光信号自动化检测中的应用

介绍一种功能多、性能好、成本低的计算机接口卡的设计，以及在激光信号自动化检测处理中的应用。     

Low-Cost CMOS Interface for Capacitive Sensors and Its Application in a Capacitive Angular Encoder

A low-cost CMOS integrated interface for capacitivesensors is presented. The interface is composed of two separatechips: a capacitance-controlled oscillator and a selector, whichresult in a structure that is able to measure several capacitancesaccurately and has a microcontroller-compatible output. In thisinterface, even large parasitic capacitances of up to 3 nF betweenthe terminals of the capacitor to be measured and ground areallowed. Prototypes of the interface chips have been fabricatedin a 0.7-µm CMOS process. The frequency of theoscillator amounts to 90 kHz. For the capacitance measurement,the interface has a resolution of 11.3 ppm and a nonlinearityof 300 ppm over a measurement range of 2 pF. In this paper, alsothe application of the interface in an accurate capacitive angularencoder is discussed.