变速恒频双馈风力发电机励磁控制技术研究

双馈电机变速恒频(VSCF)风力发电系统，是通过调节转子绕组励磁电流的频率、幅值、相位和相序来实现变速恒频控制的。该文在分析双馈电机运行原理和励磁控制方法的基础上，设计和构建了基于80C196MC单片机的VSCF双馈风力发电机的励磁控制试验系统。对变速恒频控制、恒压控制、并网控制以及亚同步速、同步速和超同步速三种不同运行状态之间的动态转换控制技术，进行了试验研究，为兆瓦级变速恒频双馈风力发电机励磁控制系统的设计奠定了基础。     

含不同风电机组的风电电网仿真研究

为了研究包含恒速异步风力发电机和双馈异步风力发电机的风电场对电网的影响,应用Matlab 7.0建立了含不同风电机组的风电场动态模型。分析了风电场对电网暂态稳定性的影响,风电机组电压恢复情况,有功、无功变化情况,以及不同风电机组的低电压穿越能力。仿真结果表明：双馈异步风力发电机变速平稳、低电压穿越能力较强,有利于优化电能质量;当电网发生故障时,应针对不同的风电机组采取不同的控制策略以提高电力系统稳定性。     

并网双馈发电机电网电压定向励磁控制的研究

在分析并网双馈发电机传统矢量控制策略的基础上，提出了一种基于电网电压定向的励磁控制策略。该控制策略仅需要定子侧电流、电网电压和转子位置角信号，避免了矢量控制系统中对定、转子量测量精度、实时性和一致性的严格要求，使控制系统得到了简化。利用该文提出的控制策略对双馈发电机有功、无功和转速稳态调节特性及机端三相对地突然短路的过渡过程进行了仿真研究，结果表明该控制策略能实现双馈发电机有功、无功和转速的解耦控制及短路故障切除后其有功、无功和转速都能回到原来的设定值稳定运行。     

Power smoothing and MPPT for grid‐connected wind power generation with doubly fed induction generator

Recently, doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) and synchronous generators have been applied mostly to wind power generation, and variable speed control and power factor control have been implemented for high efficiency of wind energy capture and for high quality of power system voltage. In variable speed control, the wind speed or generator speed is used for maximum power point tracking. However, the properties of wind generation power fluctuations due to wind speed variation have not yet been investigated for those forms of control. The authors discuss power smoothing by these forms of control for DFIG interconnected to a 6.6‐kV distribution line. The performance is verified by means of the power PSCAD/EMTDC system simulation software for actual wind speed data and is investigated by using an approximate equation for wind generation power fluctuations as a result of wind speed variation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 177(2): 10–18, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20958     

双馈感应变速恒频风力发电机控制系统研究

结合双PWM变换器、双馈感应发电机和矢量控制技术的优点,根据双馈感应发电机的数学模型,建立了双馈感应变速恒频风力发电机矢量变换控制系统框图,并对系统进行了实验研究,获得了良好的控制性能,得出该系统能够在变风速的情况下最大程度地获得风能,提高发电质量.     

Study on Dynamic Participation of Wind Turbines in Automatic Generation Control of Power Systems

This article presents the design of optimal automatic generation control regulators for an interconnected power system incorporating dynamic participation of doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines. Two power system models are identified for the investigations. Power system model 1 is a two-area interconnected power system consisting of identical plants with non-reheat turbines, whereas power system model 2 consists of identical plants with non-reheat turbines and dynamic participation of doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines in both areas. An AC tie-line is used as area interconnection in both power system models. The designed optimal automatic generation control regulators are implemented, and the system dynamic responses for various system states are obtained considering a 1% load disturbance in one of the areas. The pattern of closed-loop eigenvalues is also determined to investigate system stability. From the investigations carried out in the work, it is inferred that the incorporation of doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines in both areas has appreciably improved the dynamic performance of the system under consideration. Moreover, system stability is ensured for both power system models.     

Double-fed induction generator control for variable speed wind power generation

Vector control of a doubly fed induction generator drive for variable speed wind power generation is described. A wound rotor induction machine with back-to-back three phase power converter bridges between its rotor and the grid forms the electrical system. The control scheme uses stator flux-oriented control for the rotor side converter bridge control and grid voltage vector control for the grid side converter bridge. A complete simulation model is developed for the control of the active and reactive powers of the doubly fed generator under variable speed operation. Several studies are performed to test its operation under different wind conditions. A laboratory test setup consisting of a wound rotor induction machine driven by a variable speed dc motor is used to validate the software simulations.     

双馈风力发电机组及其低电压穿越技术的研究

双馈风力发电机组是风力发电机型中的主流机型,从双馈电机的基本工作原理出发,建立了双馈发电机的数学模型,并对其在风速发生变化时进行仿真.利用其定子磁链定向对其进行矢量控制,分析了双馈电机转矩和功率独立调节的基本原理.研究了双馈风电机组在电网故障时其运行情况,通过硬件方法使双馈风电机组具有更强的低电压穿越能力.就是在电网出...     

并网双馈异步风电机组模糊自适应控制

介绍了双馈感应风力发电系统运行的基本原理。在变风速下,根据最大功率跟踪控制原理,利用发电机输出功率误差和发电机的转速误差,提出用模糊控制器代替风速测速仪来跟踪发电机的最佳转速,保证在额定风速下,使风机运行在最佳叶尖速比,风能利用率最佳,避免了湍流塔影等因素对风速测量的影响。同时,在外环功率PI调节器中,引入模糊控制来提高在额定风速下双馈感应发电机功率解耦的快速跟踪。最后,通过对整个风电系统包括风力机、双馈感应电机(含网侧及转子侧变换器)、控制器(含网侧及转子侧控制器)进行建模及仿真来验证模糊控制策略的可行性。     

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的双馈型风电机组连锁脱网研究

随着大规模风电机组并网数量的不断增加,风电机组脱网问题成为威胁电网安全稳定运行的重要因素。分析了双馈感应风电机组单机运行特性,在电力系统仿真平台PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了双馈型风电场群的两机仿真等值模型。通过仿真模拟机组连锁脱网过程,揭示了双馈型风电机组群的连锁脱网机理。     

Performance and efficiency control enhancement of wind power generation system based on DFIG using three-level sparse matrix converter

Nowadays, the power generation systems based on wind turbines is increasing continuously in the world. Hence, there are intense efforts provided by researchers for the development of this area. In high power system applications, multilevel converters are a competitive alternative to the two-level inverters. In this paper, a three-level sparse matrix converter (SMC3l) associated to a grid connected variable speed wind generation (VSWG) scheme using a doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) is investigated. Therefore, the dynamic behavior of a wind generator, including models of the wind turbine, DFIG, SMC3l control algorithm and power control is studied. Simulation results of the dynamic models of the wind generator are presented, for different operating modes sub-synchronous, synchronous and hyper-synchronous, to show the good performance and the efficiency control enhancement of the VSWG system using the proposed SMC3l.     

Speed control of grid-connected switched reluctance generator driven by variable speed wind turbine using adaptive neural network controller

In wind energy conversion system, variable speed operation is becoming popular nowadays, where conventional synchronous generators, permanent magnet synchronous generators, and doubly fed induction generators are commercially used as wind generators. Along with the existing and classical solutions of the aforementioned machines used in wind power applications, the switched reluctance generator (SRG) can also be considered as a wind generator due to its inherent characteristics such as simple construction, robustness, low manufacturing cost, etc. This paper presents a novel speed control of switched reluctance generator by using adaptive neural network (ANN) controller. The SRG is driven by variable speed wind turbine and it is connected to the grid through an asymmetric half bridge converter, DC-link, and DC-AC inverter system. Speed control is very important for variable speed operation of SRG to ensure maximum power delivery to the grid for any particular wind speed. Detailed modeling and control strategies of SRG as well as other individual components including wind turbine, converter, and inverter systems are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified with simulation results using the real wind speed data measured at Hokkaido Island, Japan. The dynamic simulation study is carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC.     

Impact of FACTS controllers on the stability of power systems connected with doubly fed induction generators

The increasing power demand has led to the growth of new technologies that play an integral role in shaping the future energy market. Keeping in view of the environmental constraints, grid connected wind turbines are promising in increasing system reliability. This paper presents the impact of FACTS controllers on the stability of power systems connected with wind energy conversion systems. The wind generator model considered is a variable speed doubly fed induction generator model. The stability assessment is made first for a three phase short circuit without FACTS controllers in the power network and then with the FACTS controllers. The dynamic simulation results yield information on (i) the impact of faults on the performance of induction generators/wind turbines, (ii) transient rating of the FACTS controllers for enhancement of rotor speed stability of induction generators and angle stability of synchronous generators. EUROSTAG is used for executing the dynamic simulations.     

基于转速控制的双馈风电机组机侧变流器IGBT器件结温波动抑制策略

针对当前双馈风电机组机侧变流器在同步转速点附近结温波动大、影响器件运行可靠性的问题,提出一种基于机组转速控制的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)结温波动抑制策略。首先,基于最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制原理,并结合变流器IGBT模块等效热网络,建立双馈风电变流器结温计算模型。其次,针对机侧变流器在同步转速点附近结温波动出现的"尖峰"现象,从减少机组低频运行范围和提升同步转速附近区域穿越速度的思路出发,提出基于功率、转速双控制外环的改进最大功率点跟踪控制策略。最后,搭建基于PLECS和Simulink联合平台的双馈风力发电系统仿真模型,对机组在亚同步和超同步转速间动态往返变化的变流器电-热性能及其在同步转速附近区域的稳态结温进行仿真,并开展变流器结温抑制效果验证的等效实验。仿真和实验结果验证了所提改进控制策略对抑制机组同步转速点附近变流器IGBT结温波动的有效性。     

Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines

This article shows that adjustable speed generators for wind turbines are necessary when output power becomes higher than 1 MW. The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) system presented in this article offers many advantages to reduce cost and has the potential to be built economically at power levels above 1.5 MW, e.g., for off-shore applications. A dynamic model of the DFIG was derived to develop a vector controller to decouple dynamically active and reactive power control. Simulations show excellent response of the DFIG independent of speed. Measurements obtained from 1.5 MW units currently in operation confirm the theoretical results     

基于PSCAD的双馈感应发电机矢量控制研究

在各种风力发电系统方案中,双馈感应电机（DFIG）变速恒频风力发电系统以其独特的优点逐渐成为当今风力发电的主流。在分析双馈电机的数学模型及原理的基础上,建立了基于定子磁链定向矢量控制的双馈感应电机风力发电系统模型。运用目前国外广泛应用的电力系统计算机辅助设计软件PSCAD/EMTDC对该系统进行仿真研究,并分析风力发电机运行时的动态性能。仿真结果表明,该控制方式实现了定子端口有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,具有良好的控制效果。     

Participation of Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generators in System Frequency Regulation

This paper proposes a control scheme that allows doubly fed induction wind generators (DFIWG) to participate effectively in system frequency regulation. In this control approach, wind generators operate according to a deloaded optimum power extraction curve such that the active power provided by each wind turbine increases or decreases during system frequency changes. The control strategy defined at the wind generator to supply primary frequency regulation capability exploits a combination of control of the static converters and pitch control, adjusting the rotor speed and the active power according to the deloaded optimum power extraction curve. Results obtained in a small isolated system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.     

基于EMTP/ATP的双馈式风力发电系统的模型与实现

以电力系统电磁暂态分析软件EMTP/ATP为平台,采用电机矢量控制技术以及比例-积分调节器串联校正等方法建立了双馈风力发电系统的电磁暂态仿真模型,该模型包括风速模型、风力机模型、双馈发电机模型,以及有功、无功解耦控制系统的模型。依据变速风电机组的运行特性对该模型进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了该模型的有效性。     

几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析

阐明了为最大限度利用风能,风力发电系统应采用变速恒频控制策略,并分析了变速恒频风力发电系统中功率转换子系统的主要组成环节。对4种分别采用笼型异步发电机、交流励磁双馈发电机、无刷双馈发电机和永磁发电机的变速恒频风力发电系统进行了性能对比分析。     

基于全模糊控制器的交流励磁发电机励磁控制系统研究

交流励磁发电机具有超越传统同步发电机和异步发电机的优良特性，在风力发电、抽水蓄能等变速恒频发电领域有着广泛研究和应用。该文利用模糊控制技术自适应能力强、鲁棒性好等优点提出了一种不依赖于交流励磁发电机精确数学模型的励磁控制方案，建立并详细分析了交流励磁发电机的全模糊解耦励磁控制模型。设计了全模糊励磁控制器并建立了双PWM变换器励磁的交流励磁发电机实验系统。实验结果展现了该文所提的智能模糊励磁控制策略具有优良的动静态控制性能，在提高交流励磁发电系统的参数自适应能力和鲁棒性等方面具有重要的实用意义。