烧结温度对锌硼玻璃掺杂氧化锌压敏陶瓷的影响

研究了不同烧结温度情况下,用固相法制备掺杂锌硼玻璃料ZnO压敏陶瓷,使用CJ1001型压敏电阻直流参数仪测量各样品的电位梯度E_(1 mA),漏电流IL和非线性系数α。结果表明,利用传统陶瓷制备工艺制备得到的锌硼玻璃料掺杂的氧化锌压敏陶瓷样品,以烧结温度1050℃保温时间为2 h所得到样品的电学性能最佳:电位梯度为566 V/mm;非线性系数为115;漏电流为2.6μΑ。     

ZnO掺杂量与烧结温度对SnO2–Ta2O5–ZnO压敏变阻材料性能的影响

以SnO2、Ta2O5和ZnO粉为原料,通过传统陶瓷固相反应烧结法制备了压敏变阻材料,实验中ZnO含量为0～2.00%(摩尔分数),烧结温度控制在1 300～1500℃并保温2 h。研究了ZnO掺杂量和烧结温度对材料的组成、微观结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明:在温度一定条件下,随着ZnO掺杂量的增加,材料的非线性系数、压敏电压先增大后减小;在ZnO含量一定时,随着烧结温度从1 300℃升至1 450℃,材料的非线性系数、压敏电压先增大后减小。ZnO掺杂量为0.50%时,在1450℃烧结得到的样品的非线性系数最高(6.2),漏电流最小(262μA/cm2),压敏电压较高(83V/mm)。     

低温制备ZnO压敏陶瓷及其电性能研究

ZnO压敏陶瓷作为电压保护以及抗浪涌设备中电子元器件的核心材料,其高非线性系数,高通流容量,强浪涌吸收能力等性能研究以及低温烧结制备技术受到广泛关注。通过掺杂烧结助剂BST(Bi_2 O_3∶SiO_2∶TiO_2摩尔比为6∶4∶3),于875℃烧结制备了性能优异的ZnO压敏陶瓷。主要探究了烧结助剂的掺量对ZnO压敏陶瓷的物相组成、微观结构、体积密度以及压敏性能的影响。结果表明:BST掺杂会导致晶粒细化,有效地提高样品的致密度及压敏性能。当BST掺量摩尔分数为0.25%时,获得样品的综合性能最佳,体积密度为5.63 g/cm~3,相对密度为97.4%,非线性系数最大为38.9,电压梯度为最小值301.2 V/mm,漏电流密度为最小值0.028 A/mcm~2。     

ZnO掺杂量与烧结温度对SnO2-Ta205-ZnO压敏变阻材料性能的影响

以SnO2、Ta2O5和ZnO粉为原料,通过传统陶瓷固相反应烧结法制备了压敏变阻材料,实验中ZnO含量为0～2．00％（摩尔分数）,烧结温度控制在1300～1500℃并保温2h。研究了ZnO掺杂量和烧结温度对材料的组成、微观结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明：在温度一定条件下,随着ZnO掺杂量的增加,材料的非线性系数、压敏电压先增大后减小;在ZnO含量一定时,随着烧结温度从1300℃升至1450℃,材料的非线性系数、压敏电压先增大后减小。ZnO掺杂量为0．50％时,在1450℃烧结得到的样品的非线性系数最高（6．2）,漏电流最小（262vA／cm^2）,压敏电压较高（83V／mm）。     

Al_2O_3掺杂对Zn-Bi系压敏陶瓷性能的影响

采用Al_2O_3掺杂,通过固相法制备Zn-Bi系压敏陶瓷,研究了不同比例Al_2O_3对ZnO陶瓷的晶粒大小、显微结构以及电性能的影响。研究表明ZBSCCMY配方中掺杂少量Al_2O_3制备得到ZnO压敏陶瓷样品的晶粒大小愈加均匀,显微结构更加致密;陶瓷物相主要由Zn O相、少量的Bi_2O_3相和微量的Zn_7Sb_2O_7尖晶石物相构成;少量Al_2O_3的掺杂改进了晶粒和晶界结构和成分,活化了晶界,降低烧制压敏陶瓷的烧结温度,优化了压敏陶瓷的非线性特性。当掺杂浓度为0.05 wt%、烧结温度为1100℃、保温2 h得到性能良好的压敏陶瓷,其压敏电位梯度可达810 V/mm,非线性系数为68,漏电流为2.4μΑ。     

高能球磨对Pr_6O_(11)和Y_2O_3掺杂ZnO压敏电阻微观结构和电学性能的影响

利用高能球磨法制备Pr6O11、Y2O3掺杂ZnO压敏电阻,并对球磨时间对微观结构、物相组成及电学性能的影响进行了研究和分析。高能球磨有利于微观组织的均匀化和晶粒的细化,从而提高了电学性能。当球磨时间从0到10 h时,烧结后的ZnO晶粒尺寸变化从8.7到4.0μm,坯体烧结密度变化从5.40到5.62 g/cm3。最佳的制备工艺为球磨时间为7.5 h,烧结温度为1100℃,其对应的电学性能分别为:电位梯度(V1mA)是542 V/mm,漏电流(IL)是2.88μA,非线性系数(α)是47。     

ZnO片式压敏电阻厚膜中Cr_2O_3含量的优化(英文)

研究三氧化二铬(Cr2O3)对氧化锌(ZnO)片式压敏电阻厚膜物相结构、微观结构和电性能的影响。X衍射分析表明:Cr2O3降低Bi4Ti3O12相的分解温度,并最终影响陶瓷厚膜的致密度、晶粒尺寸及电性能。当烧结温度为880℃时,Cr2O3摩尔(下同)掺量为0.3%的陶瓷厚膜能够得到良好性能:体积密度ρv=5.52g/cm3,晶界势垒Φb=0.116eV,非线性系数α=24.8。研究烧结温度与片式压敏电阻微观结构和电性能的关系,Cr2O3掺量为0.3%的片式压敏电阻在880℃烧结时,能够获得最佳电性能:压敏电压V1mA=25V,α=23.6,漏电流Il=2.8μA。该片式压敏电阻的低烧结温度和高非线性在工业生产中具有很大优势。     

纳米Bi_2O_3掺杂对ZnO压敏电阻片电学性能的影响

为获得电学性能优异、生产成本低的ZnO压敏电阻片,本文采用传统陶瓷烧结技术制备ZnO压敏电阻片,研究不同含量纳米Bi_2O_3掺杂对ZnO压敏电阻片的电位梯度、漏电流、非线性系数等电性能的影响。采用压敏电阻直流参数仪对ZnO压敏电阻片的电学性能进行表征。实验结果表明,随着纳米Bi_2O_3含量的增加,ZnO压敏电阻片的电位梯度先升高后降低,漏电流变化不显著,非线性系数先增大后减小。当掺杂纳米Bi_2O_3摩尔分数为0.80%时,ZnO压敏电阻片的电学性能最佳。     

纳米Bi_2O_3对ZnO压敏陶瓷性能的影响

采用纳米Bi_2O_3添加入ZnO压敏陶瓷中,添加量分别是100%、60%、30%和0。利用纳米颗粒的高活性、比表面积大,熔融温度相对较低等特性,使实验样品致密度增加,在烧结过程中及早生成尖晶石晶相,该晶相成为晶粒内的"锚栓",有效提高ZnO压敏陶瓷的电位梯度和能量耐受能力。当纳米Bi_2O_3添加量从0增加至100%时,样品致密度增加,电位梯度从305 V/mm增加至385 V/mm,同时8/20μS的残压比下降,2 ms方波冲击电流从132 A增加至207 A。     

三氧化钨陶瓷的压敏特性和机理

采用传统电子陶瓷烧结工艺,制备了无掺杂物的三氧化钨(WO3)陶瓷。分析了陶瓷样品经淬火和不同气氛下处理后的微结构和压敏电学特性。研究表明:陶瓷冷却过程中在氧吸附的作用下,WO3陶瓷晶粒表面呈现氧元素富集。分析认为,晶粒表面吸附的氧与晶粒内的电子作用,在晶粒表面形成界面态,并进一步在晶界形成Schottky势垒,这可能是WO3陶瓷压敏行为的起源。根据实验结果,提出了一种修正的晶界Schottky势垒模型,解释了WO3陶瓷的压敏行为。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。