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对现有的环境模型和有关环境模型的理论进行了评述和分析,指出了确定环境模型的理论以及现有的环境模型中存在的问题,提出了比较系统的确定环境模型的理论原则. 相似文献
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采用已有的计算冷量以及损失的公式,对实验室用真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统进行了(火用)分析。利用EES软件,对真空闪蒸法冰浆制备系统中的4个关键环节(冷水冰水混合、真空室内喷雾闪蒸、捕水器内蒸汽凝结成霜、制冷机制备低温盐水)进行计算,得出各个环节(火用)损失以及整个系统的(火用)效率。结果表明:实验用真空室内喷雾闪蒸环节的(火用)效率较高,捕水器内蒸汽凝结成霜的(火用)效率较低,制冷机组制备低温盐水(火用)效率最低,(火用)损最大,导致整个系统的效率相对较低。为了改善真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统的能耗,应对低温盐水制备环节进行优化或采用其他方式替代该环节。 相似文献
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低温甲醇洗过程(火用)分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据某化肥厂合成氨系统中的低温甲醇洗工段的工艺,建立了(火用)分析模型.对甲醇洗系统进行了(火用)分析,并且与能量分析进行了比较,分析系统用能的薄弱之处,提出相应的改进措施. 相似文献
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通过计算机模拟,对溴化锂第二类吸收式热泵热力过程和热泵系统各部件进行了详细计算,提出了循环倍数、工作液浓溶液浓度、蒸发温度、冷却温度对(火用)效率的影响程度.指出了(火用)损失的分布,计算了(火用)损系数和(火用)效率. 相似文献
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对反应(能量)系统的描述,焓分析法单讲能的量的利用,火用分析法只作静态描述,只有火用传递法可作动态描述。运用火用传递理论分析,反应系统具有化学火用转换元在系统中起主导作用,各输火用元皆以反应高温火用源为公共火用源,呈放射型并联结构的特点。据此建立的反应系统通用火用传递模型——化学火用转换元与输火用元并联群相串联的串-并联复合结构模型,清楚地显示了模型的结构特点和基本特征。基于反应系统化学平衡、火用平衡方程和传递学原理建立的系统火用传递方程,揭示了系统中计量和过量反应物、生成物,以及杂质等各项火用流变化率的性质及其相互转换或传递的数量关系,由此可获得对反应系统火用传递机理的清晰描述,进而可以作反应系统的火用传递计算和火用传递分析。 相似文献
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为解决南堡联合站轻烃回收装置能量利用率低、能耗高以及C3+回收率低的问题,采用(火用)分析方法对轻烃回收装置进行分析与优化。通过建立系统与设备的(火用)计算模型,确定了轻烃回收装置(火用)能利用的薄弱环节,提出了改造措施,再以降低能耗与提高C3+回收率为目标函数进行优化并得到关键优化参数,提高了装置C3+的收率,降低了能耗。优化改造后的装置生产C3+的比功耗降低了0.94%,装置总能耗降低了1.14%,C3+回收率由原流程的95.96%提高至98.11%。 相似文献
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针对高含硫天然气净化装置运行能耗高的问题,本文建立了高含硫天然气净化过程中各类 值计算方法,并对离子溶液体系的 值计算方法进行了修正,使其适用于酸气吸收过程中醇胺溶液的 值计算。在天然气净化过程模拟软件ProMax建立的净化过程全流程模型的基础上,采用 分析方法对高含硫净化装置的全流程进行用能分析。分析结果表明,净化装置全流程的 效率为54.2%,其中硫黄回收单元和尾气处理单元 效率最高,分别为66.8%和66.1%;脱酸气单元的 损失最高,占全流程总 损失的43.5%,这是由于净化装置处理的原料气中H2S含量很高,需要更大溶剂循环量才能使净化气达到商品气标准,这导致吸收溶剂再生过程的能耗大大增加。本文研究成果可指导高含硫天然气净化装置的用能评价及节能改造。 相似文献
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采用Aspen Plus化工模拟软件对混合制冷剂液化天然气过程进行全流程的模拟计算,并对各个单元设备进行有效能分析。结果表明:压缩机的有效能损失占整个流程有效能损失的63.8%,换热过程占19%,是流程中的节能重点。在流程模拟的基础上,以高压制冷剂的压力和温度、低压制冷剂的压力和温度及混合制冷剂中甲烷与正戊烷的摩尔含量为可变因素,分析了这些因素对各设备有效能损失的影响,找出相应的影响规律,并提出了相应的降低体系有效能损失的措施与建议,对整个工艺过程的节能降耗具有一定的指导作用。结果表明:提高高压制冷剂的压力、低压制冷剂的压力与温度和混合制冷剂中正戊烷的含量,以及降低高压制冷剂的温度与混合制冷剂中甲烷含量的含量,有助于降低整个流程的有效能损失。 相似文献
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基于热力学第二定律建立了针对溶液除湿系统的火用分析模型,重点分析了空气和溶液进口参数对溶液除湿器性能(除湿器火用效率)的影响,并且对采用LiCl的溶液除湿冷却系统进行了部件分析。结果表明:(1)除湿器的火用效率影响因素中,空气速度和空气湿度影响最大,其次是溶液的温度和浓度,而空气进口温度和溶液流速的影响基本可以忽略;(2)在整个系统中,溶液-热水换热器的火用损失最大,占24.5%,其次是溶液-溶液热回收器和冷水-溶液换热器,分别占24.4%和22.8%,可见减小换热器的火用损是提高系统火用效率的关键。此研究对于明确改进溶液除湿空调的方向有重要意义。 相似文献
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Ashwin Murali Satyadileep Dara Yasser F. AlWahedi Sulaimon Adegunju Haitham Salmeen Abdulla 《分离科学与技术》2020,55(5):955-966
ABSTRACTThis paper aims at modeling and optimizing a Middle East-based commercial natural gas liquid (NGL) recovery and fractionation plant, using a predictive process simulator. NGL units are known to be highly energy-intensive as steam-based heating and refrigeration-based cryogenic cooling are critical requirements for their operation. Indeed, these units govern the degree of profitability of gas plants especially during low natural gas price scenarios. As a result, this study explores the ways of improving the performance of NGL units through a deterministic optimization analysis. A steady state model of the plant is built using gPROMS process builder followed by validation using plant data to ensure the model accuracy. A mixed integer nonlinear programming optimization problem is formulated with the objective of maximizing the net revenue of the plants by means of manipulating various decision variables such as feed gas temperature, column operating pressure, feed stage location, reflux and boil up ratios subject to specific process constraints. Optimization problem is solved using outer approximation equality relaxation augmented penalty algorithm. It is determined that the process optimization yields an additional revenue of 4.1 MM USD annually due to ~22% increase in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) production, ~6% increase in Naphtha production, and ~16% reduction in steam consumption in the reboiler of the columns. 相似文献
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A novel process to recovery natural gas liquids from oil field associated gas with liquefied natural gas (LNG)cryogenic energy utilization is proposed.Compared to the current electric refrigeration process,the proposed process uses the cryogenic energy of LNG and saves 62.6%of electricity.The proposed process recovers ethane, liquid petroleum gas(propane and butane)and heavier hydrocarbons,with total recovery rate of natural gas liquids up to 96.8%.In this paper,exergy analysis and the energy utilization diagram method(EUD)are used to assess the new process and identify the key operation units with large exergy loss.The results show that exergy efficiency of the new process is 44.3%.Compared to the electric refrigeration process,exergy efficiency of the new process is improved by 16%.The proposed process has been applied and implemented in a conceptual design scheme of the cryogenic energy utilization for a 300 million tons/yr LNG receiving terminal in a northern Chinese harbor. 相似文献
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Maximizing the profits of natural gas liquid recovery plants is a challenge. To improve the performance of an existing plant, three process schemes were compared and analyzed with Aspen HYSYS. A high‐pressure absorber (HPA) performed better owing to the added compressor and more reasonable cold energy utilization. The HPA was further optimized by establishing an objective function and identifying and adjusting the main variables on the basis of a new optimization algorithm. The propane recovery of the optimized HPA was 98.8 %, and the plant profitability increased by 3352 million $ a?1. Exergy analysis of the optimum process indicated that the column and air cooler contributed the most to the total exergy destruction. Suggestions for decreasing the exergy destruction of the process are also given. 相似文献
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This article presents an acetylene production process by partial oxidation/combustion of natural gas. The thermodynamic performance and exergy analysis in the process are investigated using the flow-sheeting program Aspen Plus. The results indicate that the most important destruction of exergy is found to occur in the reactor and water quenching scrubber, amounting to 8.23% and 10.39%, respectively, of the entire system. Based on the results of thermodynamic and exergy analysis, the acetylene reactor has been retrofitted. The improvement ratios of molar 02 to CH4 and molar CO to CN4 are 0.65 and 0.20, respectively. An improvement of the acetylene production system is proposed. Adopting the improvement operation conditions and using oil to realize the reaction heat recovery, the feedstock of natural gas is reduced by 9.88% and the exergy loss in the retrofitting process is decreased by 19.71% compared to the original process. 相似文献
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工业过程中的废热排放造成了可用能的损失 ,又造成热污染和环境污染。针对一种利用热管回收废热的LiBr制冷机 ,采用柴油机烟气废热制冷实测后 ,对该系统的实测结果进行了火用分析 ,分析结果表明了这种新型废热LiBr制冷机有效利用了柴油机烟气余热 ,提高了系统的火用效率 相似文献