添加Li2O对高铝粉煤灰合成刚玉-莫来石材料的影响

研究了Li2O、烧结温度对高铝粉煤灰和铝矾土合成刚玉-莫来石材料的性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明,Li2O可大辐度降低合成刚玉-莫来石材料的烧结温度.制得的刚玉-莫来石材料具有较良好的性能.     

MgO-CaO-SiO_2添加剂对纳米晶刚玉磨料烧结性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺合成陶瓷刚玉磨料,研究了MgO-CaO-SiO2复相添加剂的组成及添加量对刚玉磨料烧结性能的影响以及形成液相时刚玉磨料的烧结动力学。结果表明:MgO-CaO-SiO2添加剂的组成和添加量对刚玉磨料的结构和性能有显著影响。当加入2.5wt%组成为5MgO-CaO-5SiO2的添加剂时,烧结后得到刚玉磨料平均晶粒尺寸达到80 nm,致密化程度高,单颗粒抗压强度为37.5 N。引入复相添加剂的液相烧结激活能为193.2 kJ/mol,结果说明该陶瓷刚玉磨料的烧结化过程由扩散机制控制。     

添加剂对烧结刚玉材料的影响研究

本文通过对刚玉烧结材料的体积密度、气孔率、物相组成和表面形貌的分析,研究氟化钡等八种添加剂对烧结刚玉材料性能的作用效果。通过开发添加二氧化锰石墨复合添加剂的方法,在低于传统煅烧温度100℃下,制备出性能优异的烧结刚玉材料。材料的刚玉相含量>93%,体积密度、气孔率等指标都要优于传统煅烧温度煅烧制备的烧结材料原样,且耐火度也达到国家标准。     

真空中频炉用铝镁质干式捣打料残料的显微结构特征

对某厂10 t真空中频炉用铝镁质干式料残料进行了化学成分、物相和显微结构分析,并据此探讨了烧结层和过渡层新相的形成机制。结果表明:烧结层的主要物相为刚玉、固溶有MgO的铁铝尖晶石和铁镍合金,而过渡层的主要物相为刚玉和镁铝尖晶石。认为烧结层铁铝尖晶石的形成受还原气氛影响,其在一定程度上延缓了刚玉的溶解,并使烧结层致密化,阻止了钢水和熔渣向过渡层的渗透。推测过渡层的原位尖晶石晶粒存在由镁砂端向刚玉端的迁移和聚集,从而形成了原镁砂位置出现空洞,而残存刚玉与尖晶石结合紧密的特殊结构。     

二氧化锰及其复合添加剂对莫来石刚玉复相材料的影响研究

通过对样品的体积密度、气孔率、物相组成和表面形貌的分析,确定二氧化锰及其复合添加剂对莫来石刚玉复相材料与烧结刚玉材料性能的影响。通过添加二氧化锰及氧化钇复合添加剂的方法,在低于传统煅烧温度50℃的条件下,制备出了性能优异的莫来石刚玉复相材料,材料的物相组成稳定,莫来石含量在62%左右,刚玉相含量在38%左右,体积密度、气孔率等指标都要优于传统煅烧温度煅烧制备的莫来石刚玉复相材料原样,且耐火度也达到国家标准。     

引入镁砂对矾土基刚玉-莫来石均质料性能的影响

在以两种不同化学组成的矾土生料为原料制备的80级矾土基均质料的基础上,研究了通过外加不同比例(加入质量分数分别为0、2%、4%、8%)、不同粒度(分别为3~1和1~0. 5 mm)的烧结镁砂对其烧结性能、物相组成和显微结构的影响。结果显示:以两种铝矾土生料为原料在最佳烧结条件为1 570℃保温3 h,可制备w(Al_2O_3)≈80%的矾土基均质料,其主要物相为莫来石和刚玉,二者分布均匀且交叉排列形成无序结构。以此为基础,外加4%(w)粒度为3~1 mm的烧结镁砂时,可在保证矾土基刚玉-莫来石均质料耐高温性和体积密度不降低的前提下,减少低熔点物,促进晶体发育,同时还能引入尖晶石相。     

低温合成MgO-Al_2O_3-FeO_n复相材料

高铁镁砂中分别引入质量分数为3%、6%、9%、12%、15%的板状刚玉,经1 420℃烧结制备Mg O-Al2O3-Fe On复相材料。采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析试样的物相组成及显微结构。结果表明:在1 420℃,高铁镁砂与板状刚玉反应烧结形成原位合成的镁铁铝尖晶石固溶体,铁氧化物的存在促进了镁铁铝尖晶石固溶体的形成。随着板状刚玉加入量的增加,镁铁铝尖晶石固溶体的含量随之增加。镁铁铝尖晶石固溶体呈现明显的环带结构。最外层环带结构致密,富含铁氧化物;次外层环带结构中铁氧化物的含量有所降低。这些环带结构使得低温制备镁铁铝尖晶石固溶体结合方镁石材料的新工艺得以实现。     

高强度中铝耐酸陶瓷的微观结构和性能研究

以工业氧化铝为主要原料,系统研究了原料配方组成、烧结温度、保温时间、毒重石添加等对耐酸用中铝陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响.结果表明:A和C配方在烧结温度为1360℃时,其弯曲强度即高于230MPa,可以满足使用要求;随烧结温度的升高,A组分的力学性能先增加后降低,这主要是由于材料中刚玉相的含量先增加后减小,而钙长石和玻璃相含量增加所致;在1380℃时,延长保温时间可促进晶体发育,有利于形成致密的网络结构;添加毒重石不仅有利于烧结,而且能够形成立体网络结构,从而提高陶瓷的机械性能.     

赛隆-刚玉-石墨复相材料的烧结性能、相组成和显微结构

以金属铝粉、硅粉、活性氧化铝微粉、刚玉细 粉和鳞片石墨为主要原料,在流动N2气氛中于1400 ～1600℃制备了赛隆-刚玉-石墨复相材料,研究 了其烧结性能及质量变化,同时借助XRD、SEM、 EDS、EPMA等手段分析和观察了材料的物相变化和 显微结构,并探讨了其反应过程。结果表明,石墨显 著影响着原位氮化反应烧结制备赛隆-刚玉-石墨 复相材料的烧结性能及质量变化。究其原因,与石墨 参与反应有关:在Si-Al-Al2O3-C-N2体系中, 1400～1500℃时,主要发生氮化反应形成β SiAlON 相,硅与石墨反应形成SiC相;同时,在1500℃时, 硅可能大量蒸发形成气相,如Si(g)、SiO(g),其与 CO或C反应形成针状碳化硅;1600℃时,氮化反应 迅速,碳热还原反应加剧,部分β SiAlON、Al2O3和碳 进一步发生碳热还原反应形成15R。     

红柱石对COREX炉用锆刚玉砖性能的影响

为了进一步优化COREX熔融还原炼铁炉用锆刚玉砖的性能,在以电熔白刚玉、板状刚玉、锆英石为主要原料配料的锆刚玉砖中引入8%(w)的红柱石,经混练后成型为标型砖,置于电炉中1 620℃保温4 h烧成制备成锆刚玉砖,通过对其常规理化性能,显微结构和物相等方面分析研究红柱石对锆刚玉性能的影响。结果表明:红柱石的引入可明显降低材料的显气孔率,提高耐压强度和荷重软化温度;红柱石烧结过程中形成针柱状莫来石相穿插于刚玉和氧化锆之间,可起到强化骨架的作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。