金属Ni/Mn/BaTiO3基复合PTC材料显微结构的研究

研究了金属Ni/Mn/BaTiO3基复合PTC材料显微结构及其电性能.探讨了金属Ni和Mn的加入量以及氧化处理工艺对PTC复合材料微观结构和性能的影响,并就其微观结构对复合PTC材料电性能的影响进行了分析.结果表明,在BaTiO3基复合PTC材料中加入金属Ni可以有效的降低PTC材料的室温电阻率;调整金属Mn的添加量,可以控制复合PTC材料的平均晶粒尺寸;适当的氧化处理可以使在局部还原气氛下烧结的复合PTC材料具有较好的PCTR效应.     

Ni/BaTiO3基复合PTC陶瓷材料烧结工艺的研究

研究了烧结工艺对Ni/PTC陶瓷复合材料性能的影响.实验结果表明在部分还原气氛和烧结温度在1260℃左右时,样品室温电阻率可降至10Ω·cm～15Ω·cm,升阻比可达到102左右,体现出较好的PTC效应.     

Ni/PTC陶瓷复合材料显微结构的研究

为降低PTC陶瓷的室温电阻率,采用草酸镍分解法制各了Ni/PTC陶瓷复合材料,采用XRD,SEM等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明该复合材料为多孔结构,其孔隙率随金属加入量增加而增大;材料中的孔隙为氧扩散和吸附的快速通道,有利于晶粒表面势亝和PTC效应的恢复.     

HDPE/TiB_2-CB导电复合材料组织与性能研究

采用熔体共混法制备了高密度聚乙烯/二硼化钛-炭黑导电复合材料。研究了少量CB（炭黑）对HDPE/TiB2-CB复合材料室温电阻率、正温度系数（PTC）、负温度系数（NTC）效应和热循环稳定性的影响,并对HDPE/TiB2-CB复合材料的PTC效应随CB含量的变化原因进行了探讨。结果表明,加入少量CB明显降低了TiB2的填充量,由50%降为30%（质量分数,下同）。HDPE/TiB2-CB复合材料中CB含量为3%、TiB2含量为27%时复合材料的PTC强度达7,室温电阻率仅为1.25Ω.m,经过多次热循环后PTC效应仍然稳定。当CB含量超过6%时,室温电阻率稍有降低,但PTC强度迅速降到3.5以下。SEM分析表明CB对TiB2及CB在基体中形成导电通道影响明显。     

掺杂CeO2和CuO对BaTiO3陶瓷介电性能的影响

研究了采用固相法在BaTiO3中掺杂CeO2和CuO对瓷料介电性能的影响.结果表明当CeO2含量为7%(原子分数)、CuO含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,试样在1260℃烧结2h,获得了性能优良的介质材料,瓷料的介电系数为2570,介质损耗为2.15%,绝缘电阻率为5.8×1011Ω·cm;CeO2的加入可以有效提高瓷料的介电系数,降低介质损耗,而CuO的引入会有效地降低瓷料的烧结温度,大幅度提高了瓷料的绝缘电阻率.     

Pd/TiO2/棉花纤维复合催化材料的制备与性能研究

先通过浸渍-提拉法将纳米TiO_2对棉花纤维表面进行修饰,再通过浸渍-NaBH4还原法将Pd纳米颗粒沉积在TiO_2/棉花纤维(TC)表面,制备得到Pd/TiO_2/棉花纤维复合催化材料(PTC)。所制备的复合催化材料用于室温氧化分解甲醛,研究了Pd负载量对催化性能的影响。结果表明,PTC催化材料具有远低于粉末状样品的气阻,此特点对催化材料的实际应用具有非常大的优势;该催化材料能有效室温分解甲醛成CO_2和H_2O。PTC催化材料的催化活性随Pd含量(0.25%～1.0%,质量分数)的增加而增加。鉴于PTC催化材料具有低气阻、轻质、使用灵活的属性和良好催化效率以及载体棉花原料来源广泛、成本低等优点,具有良好的实际应用于室内空气净化和相关催化过程的潜力。     

Ni含量对304/Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi/304钎焊接头组织与剪切性能的影响

研究了Ni含量对Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi(x=0, 0.5, 1和2,质量分数)钎料熔点和微观组织的影响,用Sn-8Sb-4CuxNi钎料对304不锈钢进行钎焊连接,分析了接头的界面组织与剪切性能.结果表明,添加不同含量的Ni后,Sn-8Sb-4Cu-xNi均为近共晶钎料,其熔点约为245℃;Sn-8Sb-4Cu钎料组织由α相基体、Sb₂Sn₃+Cu₆Sn₅+Sn复合相和Cu₆(Sn,Sb)₅相组成.添加Ni元素后,钎料中块状Cu₆(Sn,Sb)₅转变为细小、均匀分布的(Cu,Ni)₆(Sn,Sb)₅.当Ni含量小于1%时,随Ni含量的增加,钎料中的复合相和(Cu,Ni)₆(Sn,Sb)₅相均增加;当Ni含量为2%时,钎料中的复合相和(Cu,Ni)₆(Sn,Sb)₅相均减少,但(...     

Ni-CNTs增强颗粒对Sn58Bi-0.1Er焊点组织与力学性能的影响

采用真空熔炼方法制备了不同Ni-CNTs含量的Sn58Bi-0.1Er钎料合金,研究不同Ni-CNTs含量对Sn58Bi-0.1Er复合钎料在Cu 基板上的润湿性能的影响,并对不同Ni-CNTs含量下接头界面处金属间化合物的组织形貌及接头的剪切性能进行了分析. 结果表明,当Ni-CNTs 增强颗粒的添加为0.01% ~ 0.05%(质量分数)时,复合钎料合金在铜板上的润湿性得到了提高,随着Ni-CNTs含量的进一步增加,复合钎料在铜板上的润湿性开始呈下降趋势;随着Ni-CNTs的加入,Sn58Bi/Cu界面金属间化合物由锯齿状的Cu₆Sn₅转变成薄层状的(Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅, Ni-CNTs增强颗粒的加入可以有效减小界面金属间化合物层的厚度;Ni-CNTs增强颗粒的加入提高了Sn58Bi/Cu接头的剪切力,当Ni-CNTs的添加量为0.1%时,接头的剪切力最高为432.86 N,较Sn58Bi-0.1Er钎料接头的剪切力提升了两倍以上. Ni-CNTs增强颗粒的添加有效地改善了Sn58Bi-0.1Er接头的力学性能.     

Ni改性GNSs对SnAgCuRE/Cu钎焊接头热老化特性的影响

以Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE0.05Ni无铅钎料合金为研究对象,基于石墨烯纳米片（GNS）独特的结构、优异的物理性能和力学性能,以其为复合钎料的增强相,开展基于Ni改性GNSs（Ni-GNSs）增强SnAgCuRE系复合钎料/Cu的钎焊和钎焊接头热老化试验,探讨Ni-GNSs对复合钎料组织及钎焊接头热老化失效断裂机制的影响。结果表明：Ni-GNSs的加入,抑制了复合钎料的线膨胀,产生晶格畸变,导致位错产生,金属间化合物（IMC）颗粒分布在位错线附近,与位错发生交互作用,阻碍位错运动,强化复合钎料,进而强化复合钎料接头。随着热老化时间延长,钎焊接头界面IMC层厚度增加,剪切强度降低;其中,添加0.05%（质量分数）GNSs的复合钎料接头剪切强度降幅最小,为8.9%,且热老化384 h后,其剪切强度仍高于Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE0.05Ni/Cu合金接头热老化前的剪切强度。Ni-GNSs的加入,使复合钎料钎焊接头界面IMC的生长系数明显降低,有效缓解了复合钎料/Cu钎焊接头热老化过程中力学性能的降低,进而改变复合钎料/Cu钎焊接头的热老化失效断裂机制,最终影响接头的可靠性。Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE0.05Ni/Cu钎焊接头的断裂位置由热老化前的钎缝区向钎缝/界面IMC移动,变为韧脆混合断裂;而添加0.05%（质量分数）GNSs复合钎料接头的断裂位置均在钎缝区,为韧性断裂,钎焊接头可靠性较高。     

熔炼工艺和增强相含量对Sn基复合钎料显微组织的影响

分别研究了不同冷却速率和增强相添加量对内生法制备的Cu6Sn5颗粒增强型复合钎料以及Ni颗粒增强复合钎料显微组织的影响,并得出最佳的冷却工艺条件。结果表明:空冷条件(冷却速率为2℃/s)下制备的Cu6Sn5颗粒增强型复合钎料拥有最佳的显微组织形貌特征,其金属间化合物(IMC)尺寸最小,分布最均匀。对于外加法制备的Ni颗粒增强型复合钎料,其内部大尺寸IMC对周边三元共晶组织生长方向产生严重影响。此外,值得注意的是,当Ni质量分数为0.45%时,显微组织中出现了由IMC聚集形成的树叶和雪花形态。当Ni质量分数增加至2.0%时,由于Ni元素在钎料基体中固溶的作用,显微组织中出现了均匀分布的形状和大小不一的黑色斑点。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。