汽轮发电机组轴系扭振动态响应计算分析

汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的动态响应分析对机组安全运行和电网的稳定有着重要意义.本文将对东方300MW合缸型汽轮发电机组扭振物理模拟实验系统在分析其固有特性基础上通过将逐步积分法的思想与传统传递矩阵法相结合并应用增量传递矩阵法数学建模方法进行了扭振响应的计算分析研究,以此来反映东方300MW机组轴系的动态变化规律和变化趋势....     

ZERO MODE NATURAL FREQUENCY AND NONLINEAR VIBRATION OF COUPLED LATERAL AND TORSION OF A LARGE TURBINE GENERATOR

Zero mode natural frequency (ZMNF) is found during experiments. The ZMNF and vibrations resulted by it are studied. First, calculating method of the ZMNF excited by electromagnetic in vibrational system of coupled mechanics and electrics are given from the view of magnetic energy. Laws that the ZMNF vanes with active power and exciting current are obtained and are verified by experiments. Then, coupled lateral and torsional vibration of rotor shaft system is studied by considering rest eccentricity, rotating eccentricity and swing eccentricity. Using Largrange-Maxwell equation when three phases are asymmetric derives differential equation of the coupled vibration. With energy method of nonlinear vibration, amplitude-frequency characteristics of resonance are studied when rotating speed of rotor equals to ZMNF. The results show that ZMNF will occur in turbine gen erators by the action of electromagnetic Because ZMNF varies with electromagnetic parameters, resonance can occur when exciting frequency of the     

遗传神经网络在轴系故障诊断中的应用

为解决BP神经网络收敛速度慢以及容易陷入局部最优解的问题,将遗传算法与BP神经网络相结合应用于轴系故障诊断中。首先设计了船舶柴油机轴系模拟实验平台,然后利用小波包分解技术分析了轴系故障时的振动信号,并将其能谱熵作为故障模式的特征向量,最后对轴系的4种运行状态进行了故障识别与分析。仿真结果表明,GA-BP算法预测精度要高于传统的BP算法,适用于轴系的状态监测和故障诊断。     

基于二次型全局最优控制算法的汽轮发电机组轴系扭振主动控制模拟

把线性定常二次型全局最优控制算法与大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振理论相结合,以减少轴系扭振能和控制源能量为优化目标,提出了大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的线性定常二次型全局最优控制理论,构造了汽轮发电机组轴系扭振主动控制的状态空间方程。阐述了求解离散黎卡提矩阵代数方程的非递推解法,提出利用求解哈密特矩阵特征值问题来确定二次型最优控制反馈矩阵的方法。为了考查扭振主动控制效果,编制了适用于离散系统扭振主动控制的仿真计算程序,利用所编程序对一台200 MW汽轮发电机组轴系进行了扭振主动控制模拟计算,并进行了扭振主动控制的时域特性分析。分析结果表明,采用线性定常二次型全局最优控制理论对汽轮发电机组轴系扭振进行主动控制,不但有很好的减振效果,而且所需控制力矩较小。     

Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of the Shaft System in Water Turbine Generator Set

A 3D finite element vibration model of water turbine generator set is constructed considering the coupling with hydropower house foundation. The method of determining guide bearing dynamic characteristic coefficients according to the swing of the shaft is proposed, which can be used for studying the self-vibration characteristic and stability of the water turbine generator set. The method fully considers the complex supporting boundary and loading conditions; especially the nonlinear variation of guide bearing dynamic characteristic coefficients and the coupling effect of the whole power-house foundation. The swing and critical rotating speed of an actual generator set shaft system are calculated. The simulated results of the generator set indicate that the coupling vibration model and calculation method presented in this paper are suitable for stability analysis of the water turbine generator set.     

小波包分析在轴承早期故障诊断中的应用

为了识别轴承早期损伤引起的故障信号,利用小波包对轴承的振动信号进行处理。小波包分析的实质是对小波分解的结果作进一步细分,因而具有比小波分解高得多的频域分辨能力。文中用小波包分析了两个存在早期轻微损伤的轴承的振动信号,并比较了自然序、Gray序以及移频算法的处理结果。这些分析结果表明,小波包分析能够有效地将隐藏在正常振动信号之中的早期弱故障信号提取出来,从而发现轴承的早期损伤。     

复杂压缩机组轴系扭转振动分析及判定研究

简单的压缩机轴系扭振频率一般根据比率系数就可对其进行判定;而对于复杂的压缩机轴系来说,其转子数较多,固有频率阶次较高,若仅用比率系数对轴系进行判定,这些轴系的结构就需要进行调整,工作量和难度都较大.此时若进一步分析判断这些频率的敏感性,若不敏感,就可以判定该轴系稳定,无需进行结构调整.本文通过实例说明该方法的分析过程,并指出该方法能很大程度地提高轴系分析的精确度,也可以避免许多轴系结构调整的繁重工作.     

发电机组橡胶柱销联轴器异常振动噪声诊断

为诊断某型柴油发电机组产生的异常噪声故障,将经验模态分解方法(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)和Hilbert变换用于发电机主轴承的非平稳振动信号处理,有效提取了主轴承振动信号的时频特征,对机组振动噪声信号、发电机主轴承振动和轴系扭振信号进行了分析。诊断结果表明,由于柴油机激励下机组轴系扭振幅值过大,引起柱销联轴器橡胶件表面的相对运动,产生干摩擦作用力,导致机组轴系产生间歇性的异常振动噪声。该方法对旋转轴系部件摩擦引起的振动噪声故障诊断具有参考价值。     

Stability and dynamics of rotor system with 45° slant crack on shaft

Crack on a shaft is one of the common damages in a rotor system. In this paper, transverse vibrations are calculated to compare the influences of transverse crack and slant crack on the rotor system. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft is larger than that with a transverse crack when the two types of crack have the same depth and the rotor system runs in the same condition. Stability and dynamic characteristics of the rotor system with a 45° slant crack on the shaft under torsional excitation are analyzed by considering opening and closing of the crack. It is shown that the instability of the transverse vibration of the rotor system increases with increasing difference between the bending stiffness in two main directions, and the vibration is stable when the two bending stiffness are identical. The spectrum analysis of the steady-state response reveals that the gravity and the eccentricity produce different frequency components, and when the two bending stiffness are identical, the multiple frequency components of the torsional excitation disappear. Further investigation shows that the vibration amplitudes in combined frequencies increase rapidly in transversal, torsional, and axial vibration with increasing slant crack depth. The results are helpful for the understanding the dynamic behavior of a rotor system with a slant crack on a shaft and can be used for the detection of the slant crack on a shaft.     

基于变分模态分解的风电齿轮箱轴承故障诊断方法

双馈异步风力发电机采用变转速变桨距的控制策略以保持风力最大功率捕获,风电齿轮箱时刻处于变速变载的恶劣工况,其关键部件极易受到损伤.针对齿轮箱轴承故障特征易受到风机变工况干扰的问题,提出了一种变分模态分解与瑞利熵相结合的特征分析方法,实现对风电齿轮箱高速轴轴承健康状态系数的估计.本文以双馈异步风机齿轮箱高速轴轴承作为研究...     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

次同步谐振下机组轴系弯扭振动信号分析

分析了次同步谐振下机电扭振互作用的原因.针对现场难以实现的困难,提出并设计了汽轮发电机组模拟系统的次同步谐振试验,并将HHT应用到次同步谐振下的机组弯扭振动的信号分析.Hilbert谱图定量刻画了次同步谐振下轴系弯扭振动的快速发展过程,直观准确地表现了弯扭信号的本质特征.分析表明,次同步谐振下轴系的弯振和扭振是相互影响、相互作用的,发现扭振有抑制轴系复杂频率振动的能力.当次同步谐振的扭振发生时,扭振含有的丰富频率成分发生了变化,并且弯振的二倍频消失.     

转子扭振特性测试系统试验台设计

将目前国际上流行的虚拟仪器技术应用于扭振测试领域,开发出了一套基于虚拟仪器的扭振测试系统,并且设计制造了转子扭振特性测试试验台.试验台上同时具有转动轴和摆动轴,用以对这两种轴的扭振问题进行研究.试验台上安装有光电传感器、霍尔传感器,以及光电编码器,可实现多种方式对扭振信号进行测试.     

Investigation on Mesh and Sideband Vibrations of Helical Planetary Ring Gear Using Structure,Excitation and Deformation Symmetries

Time?variant excitations in planetary gear trains can cause excessive noise and vibration and even damage the system on a permanent basis. This paper focuses on the elastic vibrations of a helical planetary ring gear subjected to mesh and planet?pass excitations. Motivated by the structure, excitation and deformation symmetries, this paper proposes dual?frequency superposition and modulation methods to capture the mesh and sideband vibrations. The transi?tion between ring gear tooth and planet is introduced to address the excitations and vibrations. The phasing e ect of ring gear tooth and planet on various deformations is formulated. The inherent connections between the two types of vibrations are identified. The vibrations share identical exciting rules and the wavenumber and modulating signal order both equal the linear combination of tooth and planet counts. The results cover in?plane bending and extensional, out?of?plane bending and torsional deformations. Main findings are verified by numerical calculation and comparisons with the open literature. The analytical expressions can be used to determine whether the sideband is caused by component fault or only by elastic vibration. The methods can be extended to other power?transmission systems because little restriction is imposed during the analysis.     

Investigations of the torsional vibrations of a shaft with disks

Investigations of the direct and inverse spectral problems of torsional vibrations of a shaft with disks were performed. The Tolle method was used to solve the direct problem. The influence of the characteristics of a shaft with loads on the frequencies of its torsional vibrations was studied using the solution of the direct problem. It was shown that an increase in the moments of inertia of disk masses leads to a decrease in vibration frequencies and that an increase in the torsional rigidity of segments of a shaft leads to an increase in the system’s vibration frequencies. Examples, tables, and plots of the corresponding dependences are presented.     

The rotordynamic analysis of the vibration considering the hydro-electric force supported by rolling elements in 500 kW Francis turbine

A Francis turbine which is one of the reaction water turbine types is mainly used in the multipurpose dam. The purpose of this research is to explain the vibration characteristics due to the various causes generated in Francis-turbines generator system. The hydrodynamic force was determined to use the fluid dynamics analysis considering the exciting force that is transmitted to the shaft from the runner part. Besides, in the generator parts electromagnetic forces can have a severe influence on the rotor dynamics in some situations. Because, the hydro turbine-generator system supported by various types of bearing, mechanical vibration analysis is also necessary. Based on a real small-scale Francis-turbine generators parameter, several analysis were performed the stability at the operating speed of the rotor such as natural frequency analysis and forced response analysis. Through this analysis, aside from the mechanical factor, electromagnetic and hydrodynamic factors have also been found to affect vibration.     

基于阶次小波包与粗糙集的轴承复合故障诊断

针对齿轮箱启动过程中振动信号表现为非平稳非高斯特征,传统诊断方法诊断精度不高的现状,将阶次小波包和粗糙集理论引入到轴承的复合故障诊断中,利用计算阶次跟踪算法对瞬态振动信号进行重采样,采用小波包对该信号分解-重构,并对每个频段的能量进行归一化,构成一个特征向量,通过粗糙集理论得到清晰、简明的决策规则.并通过复合故障实例验证了此方法的有效性.     

A novel torsional exciter for modal vibration testing of large rotating machinery

A novel exciter for applying a dynamic torsional force to a rotating structure is presented in this paper. It has been developed at IPP in order to perform vibration tests with shaft assemblies of large flywheel generators (synchronous machines). The electromagnetic exciter (shaker) needs no fixture to the rotating shaft because the torque is applied by means of the stator winding of an electrical machine. Therefore, the exciter can most easily be applied in cases where a three-phase electrical machine (a motor or generator) is part of the shaft assembly. The oscillating power for the shaker is generated in a separate current-controlled DC circuit with an inductor acting as a buffer storage of magnetic energy. An AC component with adjustable frequency is superimposed on the inductor current in order to generate pulsating torques acting on the rotating shaft with the desired waveform and frequency. Since this torsional exciter does not require an external power source, can easily be installed (without contact to the rotating structure) and provides dynamic torsional forces which are sufficient for multi-megawatt applications, it is best suited for on-site tests of large rotating machinery.     

行星轮机构及其轴系的扭转振动实验研究

在计算带行星轮机构轴系扭转振动时,传统的单惯量方法将机构内实际的动力过程处理成简单的静力传递,结果带来较大的非安全误差;且只解决了轴系问题。本文尝试利用实验手段证明所提出的平面力学模型的可靠和正确,进而做到在研究行星轮机构对整个轴系影响情况的同时,考虑行星轮机构内部各组件在扭转激扰下的回转振动状态。     

小波包分析方法在齿轮早期故障特征提取中的应用

基于小波包对信号的高分辨率分解和重构能力,把信号分解到不同频段,然后选择有效频段进行故障信号重构,分离出故障信息,试验表明,该方法能从很强的总体振动信号中提取清晰的损伤特征,实现早期诊断。