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对流层斜延迟是对流层散射双向时间比对中一个重要误差源,该文提出一种对流层散射双向时间比对中对流层斜延迟实时估计方法。通过GPT2w模型计算测站气象数据,克服对流层斜延迟估计中对实时气象数据的依赖。针对Hopfield模型中固定的对流层散射顶层高,利用几何方法计算动态对流层散射顶层高,以解决对流层散射双向比对的实际应用问题。选取日本地区3个测站,两两进行比对,在验证Hopfield模型精度后,计算3组比对站在不同入射角和不同时间的对流层斜延迟。计算结果表明,对流层散射双向时间比对中对流层斜延迟呈现出随比对距离增大而增大,随入射角增大而减小的特性,并且四季变化特性也比较明显。3个比对站的对流层散射斜延迟10~35 m之间,经比对抵消90%后的时间延迟为3.5~11.8 ns。 相似文献
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精密钟差以及天顶对流层时延是GPS PPP解算的重要参数.本文通过在PPP数据处理过程中加入基于更新迭代的状态协方差阵作为取权因子,分别在高精度时间比对和天顶对流层时延方面利用单向滤波以及双向加权滤波对PPP解算的钟差及对流层时延进行估计与分析.结果表明,在零基线比对方面,经加权估计的钟差标准偏差优于单向结果,提高在30%以上;在时间比对方面,利用加权估计的钟差与国际权度局发布的钟差在频率稳定度上水平相当;最后,在天顶对流层时延估计方面,两种方法相对于IGS分析中心公布的天顶对流层时延的残差均方根误差中,加权估计的天顶对流层时延也略有提高. 相似文献
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针对缺乏气象数据情况下低仰角对流层散射斜延迟的实时估计问题,该文提出一种基于射线描迹的对流层斜延迟估计方法。该算法利用UNB3m模型获取大气气象参数,建立了对流层大气折射率剖面模型,克服了气象数据对射线描迹法中折射率计算的限制。选取亚洲地区8个国际GNSS服务(International GNSS Service, IGS)测站2012年的实测气象数据,计算对流层大气折射率剖面,验证了对流层延迟模型的精度小于25 mm;选取基线距离适宜的3个测站分成3组散射通信比对站,利用射线描迹法计算了其在0--5 入射角下全年的斜延迟,计算结果表明:3组比对站最大单向传输斜延迟为22.38-- 48.37 m;在进行双向时间比对相互抵消95%的情况下,时间延迟为3.73 --8.07 ns。 相似文献
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对流层斜延迟是对流层散射双向时间比对系统的主要误差来源,目前尚未有对系统中对流层斜延迟进行精确估计的模型。为精确估计斜延迟,引入电磁波射线描迹法,并利用Hopfield天顶延迟模型中折射率计算方案改进描迹法,以克服该方法对探空数据的依赖。首先,根据北纬35 ~37范围内的3个测站2010~2012年的实测气象数据和天顶延迟数据,验证 模型精度范围小于35 mm;然后,将3个测站按相互基线距离的不同分为3组比对站,利用改进后的模型结合2012年的气象数据,计算了在0~5入射角下,一年的斜延迟,并得出最大斜延迟对应的年积日和入射角。计算结果表明,3组比对站的最大单向斜延迟为24.94~45.37 m。在双向比对抵消90%的情况下,时间延迟为3.1~5.7 ns;相互抵消95%时,时间延迟为1.5~2.9 ns。 相似文献
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Michael Reilly 《半导体技术》2004,29(12)
DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system. 相似文献
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Thomas M.Trexler 《半导体技术》2004,29(5)
From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test. 相似文献
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The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. 相似文献
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The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high. 相似文献
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Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible. 相似文献
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Qi-jiang Ran Pei-de Han Yu-jun Quan Li-peng Gao Fan-ping Zeng Chun-hua Zhao 《光电子快报》2008,4(4):239-242
This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel's. 相似文献
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Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers
A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it. 相似文献
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A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working. 相似文献
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It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory. 相似文献
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《中国通信》2014,(7)
正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks 相似文献