Fabrication, property characterization and toughening mechanism of HA-ZrO2(CaO)/316L fibre composite biomaterials

HA-ZrO₂(CaO)/316L fibre composites were successfully fabricated with vacuum sintering method and their properties and toughening mechanism were studied. The results showed that HA-ZrO₂(CaO)/316L fibre biocomposite having 20 vol% fibres had optimal comprehensive properties with bending strength, Young’s modulus, fracture toughness and relative density equal to 140.1 MPa, 117.8 GPa, 5.81 MPa·m^1/2 and 87.1%, respectively. The research also addressed that different volume ratios of the composites led to different metallographic microstructures, and that metallographic morphologies change regularly with volume ratios of the composites. 316L fibres were distributed randomly and evenly in the composites and the integration circumstance of the two phases was very well since there were no obvious flaws or pores in the composites. Two toughening mechanisms including ZrO₂ phase transformation toughening mechanism and fibre pulling-out toughening mechanism existed in the compsites with the latter being the main toughening mechanism. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50604017) and the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University     

Microstructure and properties of woodceramics prepared from lignin-modified phenol-formaldehyde resin

Novel woodceramics were successfully fabricated by enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) modified phenol-formaldehyde resin and woodpowders. The microstructure of woodceramics was investigated by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of EHL-modified PF resin on the properties of woodceramics, such as the weight loss ratio, volume shrinkage ratio, open porosity, bending strength and compressive strength, were studied. The experimental results showed that EHL modified woodceramics had a uniform porous structure. EHL-modified PF resin played an important role in the properties of woodceramics. With the increase of EHL-modified PF resin content, the open porosity, weight loss ratio and volume shrinkage ratio of woodceramics increased, but the bending strength and compressive strength decreased.     

梯度多孔镁的制备及压缩性能研究

以镁粉和造孔剂碳酸氢铵为主要原料,采用粉末冶金技术制备梯度多孔镁。研究了造孔剂梯度分布和烧结温度对梯度多孔镁孔隙特性、烧结收缩行为以及压缩性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着梯度结构中间层造孔剂含量的增加,梯度多孔镁样品的平均孔隙度升高,烧结收缩率、抗压强度以及杨氏模量均降低。此外,随着烧结温度的升高,梯度多孔镁样品的平均孔隙度降低,烧结收缩率、抗压强度和杨氏模量均增加。造孔剂分布为质量分数5％15％的多孔镁样品经620＂C烧结2h后,平均孔隙度为27．3％,烧结收缩率为11．7％,抗压强度为24．5MPa,杨氏模量为1．83GPa．     

多元复合超早强灌浆料试验

目的研究铝酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏和硅灰四元复合体系超早强灌浆料的流动度、凝结时间和力学性能,找出超早强灌浆料的最佳配比．方法采用行星式搅拌机将原材料搅拌均匀,利用跳桌测试流动度,贯入阻力法测定凝结时间,水泥压力试验机测试力学强度,混凝土收缩膨胀仪测试膨胀性能,分析砂胶比为1．0的微观结构．结果该体系辅以多种外加剂,采用高胶砂比可以保证初始流动度大于325mm,30min流动度大于280mm,2h抗压强度达34．80MPa,24h抗折达13．82MPa,28d抗压强度大于99．90MPa,56d抗压强度大于28d抗压强度．早期SEM微观结构显示晶形生长良好,结构致密．结论铝酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏和硅灰按一定的比例复配,具有良好的施工和易性和力学性能．     

羟基磷灰石的微波烧结

对羟基磷灰石的微波烧结进行了系统研究,确定了制备致密HAP生物陶瓷材料的最佳微波烧结工艺条件.通过XRD、SEM等手段研究了烧结温度和时间对HAP生物陶瓷的物相和显微结构的影响,测试了烧结收缩率和抗折强度.结果表明,微波烧结利于HAP陶瓷坯体的致密化,可以实现低温快速烧结,并提高陶瓷的机械强度;微波烧结对HAP的分解有促进作用,而且随着烧结温度升高和时间延长HAP分解程度增大.1 200℃烧结30 min的HAP陶瓷样品抗折强度最高,为(95.42±3.45)MPa,其主晶相为HAP和β-TCP.     

ZrB2基层状复合材料力学性能与应力影响分析

通过层压复合技术制备出Mo/ZrB2层状复合材料,该复合材料的抗弯强度达到471 MPa,同时具有高的断裂韧性7.64 MPa·m1/2.研究发现材料内部的残余应力引起裂纹扩展阻力增大,裂纹发生偏转,材料因此得到强韧化.采用非均匀应变模型分析层状复合材料的内部残余应力,结果表明:基体层受拉应力,最大为64 MPa,界面层受压应力,最大为320 MPa,同时在层间存在剪切应力,最大为1.149MPa.基体层和界面层的厚度比对材料内部应力分布影响较大.     

烧结温度和成分对Al_2O_3-TiC复合材料力学性能影响

以α-Al2O3粉、TiC粉为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3-TiC复合材料,系统研究了烧结温度以及成分对Al2O3-TiC复合材料的组织结构和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明:α-Al2O3与TiC间没有发生化学反应,两相间具有很好的化学相容性.TiC的引入有利于提高Al2O3-TiC复合材料的力学性能.1 600℃热压烧结的Al2O3-20%TiC复合材料具有最佳的力学性能,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到509.45 MPa和5.27 MPa·m1/2,复合材料的断裂方式主要是沿晶断裂,同时伴有穿晶断裂.     

Effect of MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on properties of SiC-mullite composite ceramics for solar sensible thermal storage

For improving the properties of SiC-mullite composite ceramics used for solar sensible thermal storage, MnO₂ was introduced as sintering additive when preparing. The composite ceramics were synthesized by using SiC, andalusite, α-Al₂O₃ as the starting materials with non-contact graphite-buried sintering method. Phase composition and microstructure of the composites were investigated by XRD and SEM, and the effect of MnO₂ on the properties of SiC composites was studied. Results indicated that samples SM1 with 0.2 wt% MnO₂ addition achieved the optimum properties: bending strength of 70.96 MPa, heat capacity of 1.02 J·(g·K)^-1, thermal conductivity of 9.05 W·(m·K)^-1. Proper addition of MnO₂ was found to weaken the volume effect of the composites and improve the thermal shock resistance with an increased rate of 27.84% for bending strength after 30 cycles of thermal shock (air cooling from 1 100 °C to RT).     

Mechanical Properties of Phenolic-Resin Composites Reinforced with CF/BF Interlayer Hybrid Fibers

Phenolic-resin composites reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) and basalt fiber (BF) interlayer hybrid fibers plain fabric were fabricated. The tensile strength, compressive strength and interlaminar shear strength of the prepared composites were studied. The results indicated that hybrid fibers reinforced composites possessed the advantages of both CF and BF. When resin content was 35% by volume fraction, the comprehensive mechanical performance of BF/CF reinforced phenolic resin composites reached the optimal values with the warp and weft direction tensile strength, compressive strength and interlayer shear strength being 252 MPa and 487 MPa, 105 MPa and 129 MPa, 21 MPa and 20 MPa, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that the BF/CF hybrid fibers reinforced composites had better interfacial adhesion.     

页岩掺入白水泥中制备文化石的工艺研究

以废弃的胶磷矿伴生的页岩和白水泥为原料,加入适当的氧化铁系颜料和减水剂制备文化石,用硅胶复制母模作为成型模具制作了砖方型、鹅卵石型、竹子型、墙砖型文化石成品. 研究了页岩水泥质量比和水与水泥的质量比（以下简称水灰比）对文化石抗压强度和弯曲强度的影响. 结果表明:随着页岩水泥质量比的降低,文化石的抗压强度和弯曲强度逐渐升高;随着水灰比的升高,文化石早期抗压强度和弯曲强度提高比较明显,但后期抗压强度和弯曲强度提高不明显;确定了最佳页岩水泥质量比和最佳水灰比,当页岩水泥质量比为4∶6,水灰质量比为0.55时,文化石试块标准养护28 d的抗压强度和弯曲强度相对最高,分别为12.12 MPa、4.5 MPa.     

ZrO2/316L不锈钢复合材料的SEM分析

采用热压（ＨＰ）烧结法制备了ＺｒＯ２／３１６Ｌ不锈钢复合材料．利用三点弯曲、单边切口梁(ＳＥＮＢ）等方法测定了材料的力学性能．通过扫描电镜(ＳＥＭ）现察复合材料的显微组织结构，研究 分析了材料在静载荷下的断裂机理．     

废砖骨料对再生混凝土抗压与收缩性能的影响

以废砖粗骨料的等体积取代率为变化因素,在分析预吸水处理与裹浆处理条件下,废砖粗骨料等体积取代废弃混凝土粗骨料对再生混凝土抗压强度影响的基础上,着重探讨了废砖粗骨料体积取代率对再生混凝土收缩变形性能的影响。研究结果表明,等体积取代率为25%时,预吸水处理与裹浆处理均可最有效地降低再生混凝土的收缩变形,而对再生混凝土抗压强度却没有明显的降低作用。等体积取代率为25%时,预吸水处理下再生混凝土的抗收缩变形性能优于裹浆处理,而裹浆处理下再生混凝土抗压强度高于预吸水处理。     

LiNbO3/Al2O3复合材料的制备及其力学性能

为了研究铁电相LiNbO3对Al2O3陶瓷材料结构及其力学性能的影响,以Al2O3 Nb2O5 和LiCO3为主要原料,分别通过高温固相法和热压烧结法,制备LiNbO3/Al2O3复合材料.对制备的复合材料进行物相分析,抗折强度的测试以及显微形貌观察.结果发现：LiNbO3的加入有利于促进Al2O3的烧结,降低了Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度.当烧结温度超过1 200℃时,复合材料的主晶相仍然为LiNbO3和Al2O3,但由于少量Li元素挥发,生成物相LiNb3O8.在1 200℃保温3h,通过高温固相法烧结,5vol％ LiNbO3/95vol％ Al2O3复合材料的抗弯强度达到了最高,为162.34MPa.在1 300℃,150MPa（保温保压1h）热压烧结制备的15 vol％ LiNbO3/85 vol％ Al2O3复合材料致密度为92.82％,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为393.94 MPa和2.38 MPa· m1/2.该复合材料中的LiNbO3晶粒出现了非180°畴结构,这种电畴结构有利于改善材料的力学性能.     

超高韧性水泥基材料的制备技术

分别采用活性粉末混凝土（RPC）和渗浇钢纤维混凝土（SIFCON）两种制备工艺,根据水泥基材料结构的多尺度特征,研究了由碳酸钙晶须和微钢纤维复合增强的超高韧性水泥基材料（Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite,简称UHTCC）的制备技术,测试UHTCC不同配比的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及单轴拉伸性能,采用折压比、韧性指数等多个指标对UHTCC的韧性进行了评价。试验表明：UHTCC的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗弯强度以及延性和韧性都远高于普通钢纤维混凝土,其抗弯强度最高达65.1 MPa、韧性指数I₂₀最高达49.21,单轴拉伸试验时呈现明显的假应变硬化行为,极限拉应变可达4%~8%。相对而言,利用SIFCON工艺制得的水泥基材料韧性更高。     

120MPa超高强水泥基材料的研究

采用常规原材料，普通成型工艺，通过正交设计试验研究，配制出了抗压强度为120MPa的超高强水泥基材料，并给出了优选配比。超高强水泥基材料的杭压强度和抗折强度试验的极差方差分析结果表明：水胶比为影响超高强水泥基材料强度的最显著因素，超细掺合料硅灰的掺量和减水剂的掺量也有一定的影响。     

Fluoridation and sintering of hydroxyapatite material and their mechanical properties

In the current work hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6 ·OH2(HA) was sintered with the addition of 3 wt% aluminum isopropoxide(C9H21AlO3) powder and 3 wt % Teflon powder(-C2 F2-). Sample was prepared by following sol-gel technique. Obtained pellets of samples were sintered. For investigation of effects of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties the samples were sintered at various temperatures. For studying the phase composition, microstructures and elemental analysis the sintered samples were characterized by X-rays diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays diffraction(EDAX) respectively. After sintering the samples mechanical properties, i e, grains size, apparent density, Vickers hardness, bending strength and compressive strength were found to be 2.14-18.76 μm, 1.523 6-0.752 g/cm3, 3.60-0.600 GPa and bending strength 33.265 8-14.900 MPa, 75-33 MPa, respectively. As a result of sintering fluoridated composite material was obtained.     

超轻质水泥基复合材料基本力学性能

为探究超轻质水泥基复合材料(ultra lightweight cement composite,ULCC)的基本力学性能及应力-应变曲线本构关系.以粉煤灰空心微珠为唯一轻质微集料,以水泥和硅灰为胶凝材料,以高效减水剂和减缩剂为外加剂,配制了钢纤维体积掺量为1%,表观密度介于1 250~1 550 kg/m3,轴心抗压强度介于47.9~70.0 MPa的4种不同密度等级的ULCC.对其分别进行单轴抗压和单轴抗拉试验,分别研究了ULCC的轴心抗压和轴心抗拉力学性能,测得了ULCC材料轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比及单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变曲线.结果表明:ULCC的抗压强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量均随密度的增加而增加; ULCC的轴心抗压强度和弹性模量与密度呈较强线性相关性.轴心抗拉试验结果表明ULCC抗拉应力-应变曲线关系呈现明显的峰后平台段,ULCC材料具有良好的拉伸变形能力.根据试验测得的ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉应力-应变全曲线,建立了ULCC单轴抗压和单轴抗拉的分段式应力-应变本构方程.研究成果可为ULCC结构的设计和非线性有限元计算提供理论依据.     

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel under low stress below yield strength

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel(316L SS)under various stress was studied by potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and Mott-Schottky(M-S)analysis in 3.5% NaCl solution.The results of polarization curves show that,with the increase of the stress,the pitting potentials and the passive current density markedly decrease firstly(180 MPa),and then increase greatly(200 MPa).The corresponding surface morphologies of the samples after the polarization test well correspond to the results.Mott-Schottky analysis proved the least Cl-adsorbed to the surface of passive film with more positive flat potential,indicating that a moderate stress could increase the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L SS in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

钢纤维超高强混凝土的力学性能试验

为了配制出强度高、韧性好、抗冲击性能良好的超高强混凝土,对钢纤维掺入体积率(Vf)为0~3%、基体强度为110 MPa以上的钢纤维超高强混凝土(SFRVHSC)进行立方体抗压、轴向抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折强度和弹性模量等性能的测试,并对钢纤维超高强混凝土弯曲韧性进行了试验研究.结果表明,SFRVHSC抗压强度随Vf(0~3%)的增加有一定的增长,弹性模量随着材料抗压强度的提高略有增加;钢纤维对SFRVHSC的劈裂抗拉、抗折强度有显著的增强作用.SFRVHSC表现出优异的韧性,弯曲韧性指数I5、I10、I20分别达基体混凝土的4.71~5.15、9.47~11.23、19.02~24.06倍.SFRVHSC梁的荷载-位移曲线与坐标轴包含的面积也明显增加.     

SiO2增强口腔复合树脂性能的研究

以双酚A-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（Bis—GMA）和二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯（TEGDMA）作为树脂基质,SiO2作为增强填料制备口腔复合树脂。研究SiO2的添加量对口腔复合树脂的收缩率、弯曲强度的影响。实验结果表明,口腔复合树脂的弯曲强度随着SiO2充填比例的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势;口腔复合树脂的聚合体积收缩率随着SiO2含量的增加呈现降低的趋势,当SiO2含量为70wt％时,聚合体积收缩率最低,达到2．4％。