未成熟石油成因的微观物理解释

从微观物理的角度,应用混沌理论和耗散结构理论来解释未成熟-低成熟石油的成因问题。首先确立微观物理解释未成熟石油成因的理论依据和微观成烃机理的“ 有机质负熵反应”理论模式; 在认识形成未成熟石油的有机质及其性质的基础上,进一步论证了未成熟-低成熟烃源岩中酸性非烃和中性非烃成烃的微观机理; 然后讨论了未成熟-低成熟烃源岩中有机质微观成烃具有代表性的实例、生物标志物成熟度指标和甾烷立体异构的ZYR 重排的微观物理解释; 最后探讨未成熟石油的成藏特征。     

The role transformation of soluble organic matter in the process of hydrocarbon generation in mud source rock

Soluble organic matter (SOM) content, group composition and gas chromatography of mud source rock of the Paleogene ranged 1000 m～5000 m in Dongying Sag were analyzed. The results show that 3500?m is a conversion boundary for SOM. Under this conversion boundary, SOM has a significant role transformation as in depth less than 3500?m, SOM is the hydrocarbon product but in depth deeper than 3500?m, SOM mainly is the hydrocarbon precursor, and the resins play a major role in hydrocarbon generation.     

超压环境有机质热演化和生烃作用机理

通过对多个盆地大量样品的多参数对比分析,建立了超压抑制有机质热演化的多参数识别标志,揭示了不同成熟度指标对超压的差异响应.识别出超压抑制有机质热演化和生烃作用的4个层次:①超压抑制了有机质热演化的各个方面,包括不同干酪根组分的热降解(生烃作用)和烃类的热演化;②超压仅抑制了烃类的热演化和富氢干酪根组分的热降解,而对贫氢干酪根组分的热演化不产生重要影响,因此镜质体反射率未受到抑制;③超压抑制了烃类的热裂解,而对干酪根的热降解未产生明显影响;④超压对有机质热演化的各个方面均未产生可识别的影响.超压对有机质热演化的抑制作用层次取决于超压发育后有机质热演化反应的体积膨胀效应、产物浓度变化速率及超压的发育特征.早期强超压和长期保持封闭流体系统是产生第一层次超压抑制作用的必要条件.超压发育过晚、超压强度低、超压流体频繁释放等都可能导致超压对有机质热演化的各个方面均不产生可识别的影响.     

Characterization of hydrocarbon/pores generation and methane adsorption in shale organic matter

The exploration and development of shale gas reservoirs has been of growing interest in the industry in recent years. It has been widely acknowledged that, during different thermal evolution stages, some characteristics including: the hydrocarbon-generation mechanism, development of organic matter pores, and methane storage/transport mechanism in organic matter/pores will affect shale gas desorption and production fundamentally. However, current research has failed to reveal them completely, which introduces large discrepancies between actual and predicted production in some shale gas reservoirs. In this paper, for the four thermal evolution stages of shale organic matter, i.e., the biochemical, thermo-catalytic, thermo-cracking and deep high temperature phases, respectively, characteristics of products generated from shale kerogen, including the form and quality of the solid frame, gas-oil ratios, and pore characteristics in organic matter (e.g., types of pores, pore wall materials) were first investigated. A new classification method for organic-matter pores was proposed. Additionally, methane absorption characteristics in shale organic matter and pores were demonstrated, the fact that water is involved during each thermal evolution phase was addressed, and current theories of solid-gas interface adsorption/desorption in the organic matter in shale were questioned. This work concluded that the system of solid-gas interface differs from actual shale reservoirs, so predicting production based on this understanding leads to significant inaccuracies. This work explained the possibility of solid-liquid interface effects in the organic matter of shale through analyzing product-generation and pore-formation mechanisms during the evolution of shale, which will directly affect potential reserves of shale. Therefore, this work should provide a basis for improving the accuracy of production predictions in actual reservoirs and should assist analysts in determining reasonable shale gas targets.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7段生烃潜力研究

鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7段是有利烃源岩层系,其生烃潜力如何直接影响下一步勘探方向及勘探部署。基于168块岩心、露头及岩屑样品,开展地球化学分析,认为长7烃源岩具有有机质丰度高、成熟度较高、分布广泛的特征。在此基础上建立取心井有效烃源岩测井解释模型,结合235口钻井资料,编制有效烃源岩平面分布图并开展生烃量计算,得出鄂南各探区单位面积的生烃强度和生烃总量。     

华北北部中、上元古界生烃潜力及有机质碳同位素组成特征研究

对华北北部中、上元古界83个样品的有机质碳同位素组成测定的结果，分布区间为-35‰～-26‰，据此研究其有机质类型和沉积环境，根据干酪根相对富集^12C（δ^13C值小于-28‰）认为基干酪根类型为腐泥型和腐殖-腐泥型；有机碳含量越高且有机质类型越好的样品有机质碳同位素组成越径。根据所分析样品的有机质丰度及生烃潜量，下马岭组、铁岭组和洪水庄组生烃潜力较好。     

有机质“接力成气”模式的提出及其在勘探中的意义

有机质“接力成气”机理是指成气过程中生气母质的转换和生气时机与贡献的接替。有两层含义：一是干酪根热降解成气在先，液态烃和煤岩中可溶有机质热裂解成气在后，二在成气时机和先后贡献方面构成接力过程；二是干酪根热降解形成的液态烃只有一部分可排出烃源岩，形成油藏，相当多的部分则呈分散状仍滞留在烃源岩内，在高过成熟阶段会发生热裂解，使烃源岩仍具有良好的生气潜力。这一理论的提出，回答了我国热演化高一过成熟地区勘探潜力问题与天然气晚期成藏的机理问题，对拓报勘探领域有重要意义。图11表2参40     

松辽盆地南部深层中-高演化阶段烃源岩品质评价标准探讨

目前实施的有机质丰度评价行业标准并不适用于中-高演化阶段烃源岩.为了实现此类烃源岩品质的精细分类评价,该文基于烃源岩原始生烃潜量与残余有机碳含量以及残余生烃潜量关系,建立了不同演化阶段烃源岩有机质丰度评价标准,探讨了烃源岩岩性、干酪根类型以及热演化程度对评价指标界限划分的影响.研究表明,中-高演化阶段烃源岩丰度指标划分...     

莺-琼盆地高温超压对有机质热演化的影响

剖析影响莺-琼盆地10口高温高压井的实测镜质体反射率数据的因素,结合热模拟实验结果,探讨高温、超压对第三系腐植型有机质热演化与生烃的影响。认为：高地热场为腐植型有机质向天然气转化提供了有利的条件,特别是莺歌海盆地泥底辟带存在短暂的深源热流体上侵,可能使浅层沉积中的有机质转化成低成熟原油;超高压对有机质热演化的抑制作用是次要的,即便有少许抑制作用,也往往被高温效应掩盖。图4表1参17     

东濮凹陷北部深层异常高压形成机理及对有机质热演化的抑制作用

东濮凹陷北部深层存在明显的异常高压,欠压实作用和有机质热演化是主要的控制因素,相应地主要发育成岩高压和生烃高压2种类型的异常高压.成岩高压主要分布在深洼部位,其余分布在向深洼的过渡带;生烃高压分布范围广,除西部断阶带胡庆地区外,其他地区均有发育.异常高压对有机质热演化的抑制作用应具备4个条件,即压力达到门限压力、异常高压为早期成因、有机质类型较好和原始有机质丰度较高.东濮凹陷北部深层异常高压对有机质热演化具有抑制作用,尤其是早期形成的异常高压,抑制作用更为明显.通过门限压力、异常高压发育状况以及异常高压形成时期的综合分析,认为东濮凹陷北部深层有机质热演化受抑制的区域主要分布在东部洼陷和西部洼陷,其中东部洼陷分布较广.