环境风激励下中信广场的模态参数识别

为了准确地识别建筑结构的模态参数,提出了一种基于多重信号分类算法(multiple signal classification,简称MUSIC)、经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT)和同步提取小波变换(synchroextracting transform,简称SET)的结构模态参数识别方法。首先,通过MUSIC-EWT对实测振动信号进行分解;其次,使用SET对单模态信号进行去噪处理;然后,采用自然环境激励技术(natural excitation technique,简称NExT)得到单模态信号的自由衰减响应;最后,利用Hilbert变换(hilbert transform,简称HT)和曲线拟合获得结构的自振频率和阻尼比。通过三层框架结构的数值模拟验证了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。利用该方法对台风"达维"作用下广州中信广场的实测加速度数据进行分析,并将估计的结构模态参数和其他识别方法的分析结果进行对比,进一步证明了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

利用小波去噪和HHT的模态参数识别

提出了基于小波去噪和HHT的模态参数识别方法,以改善模态参数识别的精度.该方法先利用小波进行信号去噪,克服噪声对EMD分解的影响,以减少EMD分解过程的计算量和分解层数,对去噪后的信号进行EMD分解提取单模态的自由响应,然后利用自由响应的Hilberr变换识别模态固有频率和阻尼比.利用该方法对某振动台简支梁系统进行了模态参数识别,结果表明在噪声干扰下,该方法识别模态参数的精度较高,特别是阻尼比识别精度高.     

运营条件下异型拱桥的模态参数识别

以一复杂的异型钢管混凝土拱桥为对象，根据运营期间车辆交通荷载引起的余振实测结果，用小波变换（wavelet transform,简称WT）和特征系统实现法（eigensystem realization algorithm，简称ERA）两种方法对结构模态参数识别结果进行了对比，讨论了两种方法在复杂结构体系模态参数识别中的适用性。进一步以ERA识别方法为对象，比较了记录波除噪及不同记录波对参数识别结果的影响。结果表明：WT方法以及ETA方法得到的结构模态参数识别结果基本一致，两种方法相互校核可剔除噪声模态，获得真实的结构模态信息；除噪对基于余振衰减波的模态参数识别精度提高意义不大，不同记录波的对比识别可剔除单波随机噪声的影响，提高识别结果的可靠性。     

基于HHT的高坝泄流结构工作模态参数辨识

基于高坝的工作特点,提出一种适用于泄流结构的工作模态参数时域辨识方法。对于低信噪比泄流结构振动信号,首先,利用小波阈值-经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)联合滤波方法滤除低频水流脉动噪声和高频白噪声,得到结构振动有效信息;然后,通过希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,简称HHT)原理辨识结构系统的固有频率及阻尼比;最后,结合奇异熵增量理论对系统模态进行定阶和模态验证。仿真研究表明,该方法能够有效避免模态分解中的频率混杂,具有较强的鲁棒性以及较高的辨识精度。将该方法应用于三峡重力坝5号溢流坝段,可准确辨识出结构系统的工作模态参数,为研究高坝泄流结构安全运行与在线无损动态检测提供基础。     

基于EWT-FastICA的斜拉桥监测挠度温度效应分离

考虑桥梁挠度中的温度效应和长期挠度成分将会一定程度影响到桥梁的安全评估,提出基于经验小波变换（empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT）结合快速独立分量分析（fast independt component analysis,简称FastICA）方法对温度效应和长期挠度进行分离。首先,利用经验小波变换分离出日温差效应;其次,考虑年温差效应与长期挠度频率相近难以分离,因此运用经验小波变换自定间隔把傅里叶频谱上年温差和长期挠度部分划分成多个区间,并在每个区间内构造相应的小波滤波器,将单通道的挠度信号转化成无虚假模态的一系列本征模态函数（intrinsic mode function,简称IMF）;然后,把多通道的IMF矩阵运用主成分分析（principal component analysis,简称PCA）降维;最后,将降维后的信号采用FastICA处理,实现桥梁挠度年温差和长期挠度的分离。数值仿真结果以及桥梁实测数据研究结果均表明：该方法能有效地分离挠度监测信号中的温度效应和长期挠度,且分离效率高。     

随机减量法在工作模态参数识别中的应用研究

实际工程应用中施加于结构的激励及其响应信号难以测量,不能用传统的识别方法提取结构的模态参数。研究了运用随机减量法从易得的结构的随机响应中提取某种自由响应信号,然后利用小波变换识别模态参数。实验通过对悬臂梁的模态参数识别,结果表明随机减量法在模态参数识别过程中的适用性及用该方法获取的模态参数具有很高的精度。     

基于欠定盲源分离的结构模态参数识别

针对欠定情况下传统盲源分离(blind source separation,简称BSS)算法无法有效识别结构模态参数的问题,研究了一种不受传感器数量限制的BSS算法。算法主要分为振型矩阵估计与单模态信号分离两步。首先,利用各阶模态响应信号在时频域中的聚类特性估计结构的模态振型;然后,在已知振型矩阵的基础上,通过L1范数最小化算法分离出多个单模态信号;最后,利用单模态参数识别方法提取各阶模态的频率与阻尼比。经仿真与实验验证,本研究方法可以准确识别出结构的各阶模态参数,同时对测量噪声不敏感,具有很好的噪声鲁棒性,在工程实践中具有一定的应用价值。     

基于MEWT‑ASCS的行星齿轮箱微弱故障特征提取

针对强噪声背景下行星齿轮箱早期微弱故障难以提取以及经验小波变换对信号频率区间边界划分不恰当以及不能有效确定模态数目的问题,提出了一种基于改进经验小波变换（modified empirical wavelet transform, 简称MEWT）和自适应稀疏编码收缩（adaptive sparse coding shrinkage,简称ASCS）的早期微弱故障特征提取方法。根据信号频谱的尺度空间表示,将原始故障信号自适应地分解为一系列的窄频带本征模态分量。利用包络谱峭度（envelope spectrum kurtosis, 简称ESK）值选择敏感分量,为了进一步凸显分量中的故障信息,使用ASCS算法对敏感分量进行稀疏降噪处理,从其包络谱中即可提取到清晰的故障特征频率成分。数值仿真和实际数据分析结果表明,本研究方法能够自适应地实现故障信号的模态分解并增强微弱的故障冲击特征。此外,与经验小波变换（empirical wavelet transform, 简称EWT）,EWT?ASCS和ASCS进行对比,本研究方法可有效提取包含故障信息丰富的分量,经ASCS处理后信号故障特征得到凸显,实现了行星齿轮箱早期微弱故障的准确识别。     

压电柔性结构模态参数辨识的小波变换法

利用小波变换的线性变换特性,结合Morlet小波的性质和结构振动系统自由响应信号的形式,构造了一组小波族,并通过利用2-范数对结构响应信号的小波变换进行归一化以及小波变换局部极大值的计算,获得了结构的模态频率与模态振型.仿真结果表明,Morlet连续小波变换不同尺度之间重叠的冗余性,使得利用尺度与信号频率的变换关系来进行准确的密集模态参数辨识比较困难,而本文方法简单有效,比直接利用Morlet小波更为直观、方便和准确,对压电柔性结构的低频密集模态频率和模态振型能够很好地辨识.     

运用总体经验模态分解的疲劳信号降噪方法

将总体经验模态分解(ensemble empircal mode decomposition,简称EEMD)用于疲劳应变信号降噪,并与小波变换(wavelet transform,简称WT)方法进行了对比.提出了基于EEMD方法的疲劳应变信号降噪计算步骤,并分别用于模拟信号、试验数据和实测资料的降噪处理.讨论了EEMD计算参数对降噪效果的影响,给出了计算参数的选取原则.结果表明,EEMD方法可以较好地降低疲劳信号的噪声,提高应力循环次数统计的准确度,具有自适应的特点.     

基于递归理论的泵站压力管道运行状态监测

针对不利因素导致的管道运行异常问题,提出一种基于递归理论的泵站管道运行状态监测方法。首先,通过振动传感器提取压力管道关键部位的实测信息,并将同一位置不同方向的数据信息进行融合,得到一组反映结构整体动力特性的综合数据;其次,利用伪近临法与互信息法分别选取相空间重构参数m和τ;最后,绘制并计算代表管道动力特性的递归图及递归量化指标。将该方法应用于景泰川工程二期七泵站管道运行监测,通过设置不同的运行工况进行验证,结果表明：机组开关瞬间与稳定运行工况下,管道结构振动信号的递归图呈现不同模式,递归量化指标-确定性、对角线平均长度L、递归率及递归熵也呈现明显差异,能有效区分管道振动状态。该方法为压力管道的无损动态监测提供了新思路。     

Output-only modal analysis of wind turbine tower based on vibration response under emergency stop

The identification technique of output-only modal parameters is proposed for the large wind turbine tower under emergency stop. Compared with the response of regular operating conditions, the immediate tower structural response under emergency stop much more resembles a state of free vibration, which is more appropriate for the modal identification of the wind turbine tower. The vibration response is measured in the nacelle, which is easy to perform in the field modal test. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) is applied to decompose the vibration response into several band-limited intrinsic mode functions. The free responses of decomposed functions are extracted by applying the random decrement technique (RDT). Finally, the modal damping ratio and natural frequency are identified from each free modal response by using the Hilbert transform method. Simulations and a 1.5 MW wind turbine field modal test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed identification method. The main modal parameters of wind turbine, including weak modes, are effectively extracted by using output-only vibration responses under emergency stop. The modal parameter identification method is provided for the large wind turbine structure under the engineering condition.     

IDENTIFICATION OF TIME-VARYING MODAL PARAMETERS USING LINEAR TIME-FREQUENCY REPRESENTATION

A new method of parameter identification based on linear time-frequency representation andHilbert transform is proposed to identify modal parameters of linear time-varying systems frommeasured vibration responses. Using Gabor expansion and synthesis theory measured responses arerepresented in the time-frequency domain and modal components are reconstructed by time-frequencyfiltering. The Hilbert transform is applied to obtain time histories of the amplitude and phase angle ofeach modal component, from which time-varying frequencies and damping ratios are identified. The     

Identification of modal parameters from ambient vibration data using eigensystem realization algorithm with correlation technique

An effective identification method is developed for the determination of modal parameters of a structure based on the measured ambient response data. In this study, modification to Eigensystem Realization Algorithm with Data Correlation is proposed for modalparameter identification of structural systems subjected to stationary white-noise ambient vibration. By setting up a correlation -function matrix of stationary responses, as well as by introducing an appropriate matrix factorization, modal parameters of a system can be identified effectively through singular -value decomposition and eigenvalue analysis. Numerical simulations using practical excitation data confirm the validity and robustness of the proposed method in identifying modal parameters from stationary ambient vibration data under noisy conditions.     

基于小波分析的简支梁桥损伤识别

提出了基于小波子带信号能量曲率变化的损伤识别方法。分别对完好和损伤状态下结构的振动响应进行二进离散小波变换,通过信号子带分解与重构将响应分解到不同频带,使叠加的模态响应分离。定义了信号相对能量曲率差损伤指标,利用该指标对结构的损伤进行识别定位。应用此方法对一简支梁桥进行损伤数值分析,结果表明:二进离散小波变换可以对结构振动响应中叠加的多阶模态信息进行有效分离;信号相对能量曲率差指标可以对损伤进行有效识别,且不受激励位置及荷载大小影响。最后通过模型实验验证了该方法的正确性及可行性。     

Measurements of dynamic properties of a medium span suspension bridge by using the wavelet transforms

The aim of this paper is to show the capabilities of the real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning network system (GPS) to measure the low-frequency vibration of a medium span suspension bridge. In particular, this paper presents the results of studies conducted on the identification of modal parameters including natural frequencies, damping coefficients and mode shapes of a suspension bridge using ambient excitation loads. A real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) was designed and installed on the Nottingham Wilford Bridge to provide long-term and real-time measurement of bridge deck movement. An approach to estimate modal parameters, from only output data in the time domain using the wavelet transform, is presented. Displacements responses of the bridge are used in the wavelet transform to identify its dynamic characteristics. The modal properties were extracted using a two-step methodology. In the first step, the random decrement method was used to transform random signals in free vibration responses. Secondly, a wavelets-based technique was used to extract natural frequencies and to determine the mode shapes of the structure. This method was compared with the well-established techniques eigensystem realisation algorithm showing a difference of 1% in the estimated first natural frequency.The efficiency of RTK–GPS was demonstrated in the full-scale measurement. In particular, the results showed that the RTK–GPS data can be used for extracting modal properties from in-service-loads induced low-frequency vibration (<5 Hz) by processing the signal with the wavelets transform.     

Output-only modal identification based on hierarchical Hough transform

Sparse component analysis (SCA) has been introduced to the output-only modal identification for several years. This paper proposes a new method based on hierarchical Hough transform to extract the modal parameters of mechanical structures. First, the measured system responses are transformed to Time-frequency (TF) domain using Short time Fourier transform (STFT) to get a sparse representation. Then, Hough transform is applied to the TF coefficients hierarchically to identify the hyperplanes and the mixing matrix is calculated. Finally, the modal responses are recovered by using l ₁ -optimization and inverse STFT. From the recovered modal responses, natural frequencies and damping ratios are extracted. Numerical simulation of a 4 Degree-of-freedom (DOF) spring-mass system verifies the validity of the method. Free vibration of a steel cantilever beam is captured by a high-speed camera and then analyzed by the proposed method. The comparison of the estimated natural frequencies and damping ratios illustrates the good performance of the proposed algorithm.     

振动模态固有频率和阻尼比的EMD识别方法

针对机械系统固有频率和阻尼比的识别问题,提出了基于经验模式分解(EMD)的模态参数识别方法.该方法首先对脉冲激励下机械系统的位移响应进行了EMD分解,确定与该系统的各阶模态对应的固有模式函数(IMF),分别对各阶IMF进行希尔伯特变换以得到各自的瞬时幅值和瞬时相位曲线,并对所得曲线进行线性拟合,最后根据拟合曲线的参数来...     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换与理想带通滤波器的系统识别

针对经验模态分解存在模态混叠现象,提出基于Hilbert-Huang变换与理想带通滤波器的系统识别方法。该方法利用傅里叶变换得到结构加速度响应频响函数,粗略估计固有频率范围,通过半功率带宽法设计理想带通滤波器,定量化确定通带带宽,使信号在经过滤波器后频域内零相移,同时不改变其幅值谱。结构响应通过指定频带的理想带通滤波器产生若干窄带信号,利用经验模态分解获取结构模态响应,经Hilbert变换构造模态响应解析信号,并通过线性最小二乘拟合提取结构模态参数与物理参数。结果表明:半功率带宽法可实现带通滤波器频带的定量化设计,理想带通滤波器的零相移特点较好契合Hilbert-Huang变换用于系统识别的要求,两者结合可有效地解决模态混叠现象,减少虚假模态,大大提高结构系统识别精度。