Three fundamental misconceptions of Artificial Intelligence

In discussions on the limitations of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there are three major misconceptions, identifying an AI system with an axiomatic system, a Turing machine, or a system with a model-theoretic semantics. Though these three notions can be used to describe a computer system for certain purposes, they are not always the proper theoretical notions when an AI system is under consideration. These misconceptions are not only the basis of many criticisms of AI from the outside, but also responsible for many problems within AI research. This paper analyses these misconceptions, and points out the common root of them: treating empirical reasoning as mathematical reasoning. Finally, an example intelligent system called NARS is introduced, which is neither an axiomatic system nor a Turing machine in its problem-solving process, and does not use model-theoretic semantics, but is still implementable in an ordinary computer.     

自焙槽铝电解智能控制下料系统

介绍基于铝电解过程中热平衡和物料平衡原理而设计的一种自动下料系统。这个系统首先在现场总线控制系统上建立一个开放的平台,然后在平台之上建立专家系统,实现自动下料。     

智能安全屏障-非正常工况管理系统简述

非正常工况管理(abnormal situation management,ASM)系统是建立在现有安全紧急停车系统之前的一道安全保护屏障,是石油化工过程风险控制的有效手段.在生产装置上应用ASM系统,可以实现操作状态偏离的快速识别,发现故障原因,并预测故障后果,最终给出排除故障的措施,有效提高操作人员处理过程非正常工况的能力.介绍了ASM系统的特点、组成框架与意义,并利用事件树分析法,分析ASM系统的引入对提高高温反应器系统安全状况的意义.     

In-flight alignment of a strapdown inertial navigation system of an unmanned aerial vehicle

The alignment system of a strapdown inertial navigation system for an unmanned aerial vehicle installed on a carrier aircraft is studied. The aim is to develop alignment techniques for the strapdown inertial navigation system that improve the accuracy of alignment and reduce the alignment time. A technique for constructing the initial alignment system for a strapdown inertial navigation system of an unmanned aerial vehicle is proposed.     

Stochastic control of system with unobserved jump parameter process

A system described by a stochastic differential equation with an unobserved stochastic jump parameter process is considered. The solution to the system is defined by the Girsanov measure transformation technique. The system with a nonobservable parameter is converted into an equivalent completely observable Markovian system. It is proved that the optimal cost obtained for the system with the nonobservable parameter is the same as for the Markovian system. Existence of an optimal control policy is considered.     

An efficient memory system for the SIMD construction of a Gaussianpyramid

In this paper, a memory system is introduced for the efficient construction of a Gaussian pyramid. The memory system consists of an address calculating circuit, an address routing circuit, a memory module selection circuit, and 2ⁿ+1 memory modules. The memory system provides parallel access to 2ⁿ image points whose patterns are a block, a row or a column, where the interval of the column and the block is 1 and the interval of the row is 2^l,l⩾0. The performance of a generic SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) processor using the proposed memory system is compared with one using an interleaved memory system for the construction of a Gaussian pyramid. The ratio of the time of the construction of level 2 and level 10 from the original image (level 0) of an SIMD processor with an interleaved memory system to that of the proposed memory system is 1.485 and 1.633, respectively     

非最小相MIMO非线性系统的自适应鲁棒控制

针对一类非最小相不确定非线性系统,提出了一种自适应鲁棒控制器．首先,通过等价坐标变换将该非线性系统变换为零动态稳定的等价系统．然后利用鲁棒无源原理和李亚普诺夫原理对等价系统设计出自适应鲁棒控制器,并证明闭环等价系统是渐近稳定的．最后利用本文提出的方法进行实例设计,结果表明,它是稳定这类非最小相非线性系统的新方法．     

Hovering control of model helicopter by vision

In this paper, we introduce an autonomous flying model helicopter with a vision control system. A feature of the helicopter is that autonomous hovering is realized by a vision control system. Owing to this vision control system, the model helicopter is able to take off, land, and hover without any human assistance. The vision control sstem is composed of a CCD camera mounted on the helicopter and an image processor on the ground. We first introduce the configuration of the helicopter system, which has a vision sensor, a clinometer, and an azimuth sensor. To determine the 3-D position and posture of helicopter, a technique of image recognition using a monocular image is used. Finally, we give an experiment result which we obtained in a hovering test with the vision control system. This result shows the effectiveness of the vision control system in the model helicopter.     

Development of an expert system for optimizing natural gas pipeline operations

This paper presents an expert system as a decision support tool to optimize natural gas pipeline operations. A natural gas pipeline control system is a controlling system that involves many complicated operating processes. Since a dispatcher (who operates the system) might not be able to handle all of his or her tasks consistently, an expert system has been developed for optimizing the operations by providing consistent, fast and reliable decision support to the dispatcher. Consequently, inconsistency in the dispatcher's performance can be minimized. To build an expert system, the knowledge from an experienced dispatcher, who is familiar with the process in this controlling system is acquired and that knowledge has been implemented as rules in the knowledge base of the expert system. When this expert system has been validated by gas pipeline experts, it can help inexperienced dispatchers to operate the processes more effectively. The expert system is implemented on the real-time expert system shell G2 (trademark of Gensym Corp. of USA). The system also consists of a user interface that helps dispatchers visualize system conditions.     

基于随机过程的容侵系统可信性量化方法

运用马尔可夫过程分析了容侵系统的可信性,结合SITAR容侵系统体系中的状态迁移模型,给出了一种基于随机过程的容侵系统可信性的可用度量化方法。最后在此基础上讨论了入侵容忍系统的性质。     

A case study of an inter-enterprise workflow-supported supply chain management system

Doing business over the Internet is cheap and convenient. This enlarges the view of enterprises and gives them an opportunity to select their partners. To support business-to-business operations, an information system (IS) with an embedded workflow management component is needed. The inherent characteristics of such a system makes it suitable to implement cross-organization management. Nowadays, however, these system additions are not common. When developing a supply chain management (SCM) system for a large motorcycle corporation in China, we had to construct an inter-enterprise architecture using the internet. The main part of this is a workflow-supported inner supply chain system and an integrated interface. In it, the business processes are defined and executed by the supply chain management system. The independent inner systems are connected by the integrated interface into a large, global, supply chain manage system to management business processes across the independent enterprises. This paper presents the system design and implementation and discusses our experiences and lessons learned.     

Relaxing the stability limit of adaptive control systems in the presence of unmodelled dynamics

It is known that a closed-loop dynamical system subject to an adaptive controller remains stable either if there does not exist significant unmodelled dynamics or the effect of system uncertainties is negligible. This implies that these controllers cannot tolerate large system uncertainties even when the unmodelled dynamics satisfy a set of conditions. In this paper, we present an adaptive control architecture such that the proposed adaptive controller is augmented with an adaptive robustifying term. Unlike standard adaptive controllers, the proposed architecture allows the closed-loop dynamical system to remain stable in the presence of large system uncertainties when the unmodelled system dynamics satisfy a set of conditions. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.     

Design of optimal strongly stable digital control systems and application to output feedback control of mechanical systems

A new design method for an optimal digital series compensator is considered that is not produced by an optimal regulator incorporated with a state observer, but employs a new idea that assures total closed system optimality in one design step. However, the compensator so designed is not always stable, i.e. strong stability of the closed-loop system is not always guaranteed. For this case, the authors propose to use the inter-sample response to realize an optimal stable compensator and/or optimal output feedback control system. Especially when the given plant is a linearized mechanical system, such a strongly stable system can always be designed using only output data two samples prior to the current sample regardless of the system order and the parity interlacing property condition.     

自动振幅控制系统的分析与设计

自动振幅控制系统是非线性闭路控制系统.本文研究它的静态和动态性能及设计方法, 证明了系统的静态压缩精度完全取决于环路增益.如在环路中使用一个积分器,系统的静态 性能将到到改善.本文还研究了一阶及二阶自动振幅控制系统低通滤波器参数的设计问题, 导出了设计公式,并证明了二阶系统的动态性能优于一阶系统.还分析了输出信号波形畸变 的原因,介绍了减少畸变的方法.     

嵌入系统中断控制器的设计

嵌入系统不同于以往的通用系统,它具有高集成度、高专用性的特点。嵌入系统的设计者不再使用通用的中断控制器芯片,而是必须设计出适应于该嵌入系统需要的中断控制器模块。该文阐述了嵌入系统中断控制器高层次设计的设计思路和设计方法。对嵌入系统中断控制器的设计具有较好的指导作用。     

An investigation of information system utilization

This investigation focuses upon the information utilization process; i.e., what it means for a decision-maker to utilize an information system. A definition of utilization is adopted that states that an information system is utilized if the output from the information system is included in the Human Information Processing system of a decision-maker. The definition of utilization is further refined by segmenting utilization into two distinct subsystems, a Human Information Processing system and a Data Selection system. As an initial investigation of the utilization process, it was decided specifically to study the relationship of the Data Selection system to the Human Information Processing system. The primary aim of this investigation was to determine whether factors that are internal to a decision-maker may affect the data selection process. “Cognitive style” was chosen as representative of internal factors. Measures of data selection and cognitive style were created with particular emphasis placed on the development of an instrument to measure cognitive style. An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of this factor on data selection. The results of this experiment indicate there is a strong relationship between cognitive style and data selection.     

Control of a man-machine system interacting with the environment

This paper proposes an alternative control algorithm for a mechanical system having direct mechanical interaction with an environment and an operator. A robot for man-robot cooperation, an extender, a human amplifier and a powered steering system are examples of such a system. How to control the interaction in a desirable manner is one of the key issues for such a system. We first model the mechanical system, which has interaction with the environment and the operator, then propose a control algorithm based on the dynamics of the operator and the environment. The proposed control system consists of two controllers: one generates the desired motion of the mechanical system based on the force applied to the system, and the other one controls the interaction between the system and the environment. The proposed control algorithm specifies both the force augmentation and the maneuverability of the system. The algorithm is applied to a planar link mechanism with one degree of freedom. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

入侵检测系统安全性研究

入侵检测是保护信息系统安全的重要途径,近年来已经成为研究热点。本文设计了一个IDS系统,采用了协议分析技术,同时引入CA认证体系,客观的增强了系统的鲁棒性。     

Robust stability of the systems with mixed uncertainties under the IQC descriptions

This paper studies the problem of robust stability checking for a single-input single-output uncertain feedback system which consists of a linear uncertain plant in the forward loop and a non-linear dynamic uncertain unit in the feedback loop. It is supposed that the linear part of the system is of parametric uncertainties described by a polytopic perturbation mode, and that the non-linear part of the system is of dynamic uncertainties characterized by an integral quadratic constraint (IQC). The problem of stability checking is discussed for different structures of the IQC multiplier based on the concepts of biconvex and convex-concave functions and their properties. For different uncertainty structures of the system, a finite vertex checking result and an edge checking result are presented. As an application of the above results, the problem of robust H performance checking is discussed for the case that the uncertain plant of a feedback system is parameterized by a polytopic perturbation mode, and an edge checking result is given under a fairly mild assumption. Also, the absolute stability of an interval system is investigated, and the vertex results of circle criterion and Popov criterion are obtained. Finally, a demonstrating example is included.