油砂超声萃取分离技术

在实验室装置中,采用溶剂萃取及复合超声分离技术,于萃取剂/油砂(质量比)为0.50,水/油砂(质量比)为3.2,超声分离时间为30 min的最佳条件下,对油砂进行了萃取分离。以此为基础,进行了中试放大实验。结果表明:在实验室操作条件下,油砂出油率可达96%以上,水洗后的尾砂含油量可降至6.5 mg/g;在中试生产中,油砂中各馏分油的质量分数都很高,其中沥青高达15.76%,提炼出的总油质量分数高达28.36%;中试生产的油砂沥青(>400℃),除残留延度(10℃)外,其他性能均可满足50#道路沥青A级指标要求。     

印尼油砂溶剂抽提工艺条件的研究

对印尼油砂的组分、结构和粒径特征进行分析。分析结果表明，从印尼油砂中分离稠油沥青适用的方法是溶剂抽提工艺。考察了三氯乙烯、甲苯、石油醚、石脑油、含极性组分的石脑油5种溶剂对抽提效果的影响，确定较佳的抽提溶剂为含极性组分的石脑油。考察了印尼油砂溶剂抽提的工艺条件，推荐的最佳工艺参数为：溶剂与油砂的体积比1.3：1，抽提温度50～60 ℃，抽提时间15～30 min，搅拌速率100～300 r/min。在该条件下，稠油沥青一级抽提率达85%，二级抽提率达93%。     

解离-聚结体系分离风化油砂

以玉门风化油砂为研究对象,通过解离剂将沥青从砂粒剥离,利用聚结剂对水相中的沥青微滴聚结,实现了沥青、水、砂粒三相分离。考察了解离剂组成和聚结剂用量等工艺条件对风化油砂分离效果的影响。采用偏光显微镜和FTIR技术对风化油砂、尾砂及沥青试样进行了表征。实验结果表明,以Na OH、Na Cl和吐温80为解离剂,处理后尾砂的含油率低至0.2%;以聚丙烯酰胺为聚结剂,加入量为0.005 g/g时沥青收率为93.5%。提出了分离风化油砂的解离-聚结体系模型,即通过表面活性物质强化沥青乳化,通过碱剂的化学驱动力使"露头"油砂表面沥青剥离,以高分子聚结剂彻底回收分散态的风化油砂沥青。     

内蒙古油砂抽提沥青的实验研究

进行了热碱水抽提内蒙古油砂中沥青的实验研究。结果表明,最佳抽提条件为：碱液浓度0．3％,抽提温度90℃,碱液／油砂质量比1．5～2．0,搅拌速度75～100r／min,抽提时间20min。在抽提得到的粗沥青中加入质量分数为20％的石油醚（馏程60—90℃）,于45℃下进行了进一步的脱砂处理。结果表明,砂粒与沥青基本分离,所得沥青中沥青质的质量分数达43．40％。     

油泥与油砂尾砂共混萃取回收油泥油的工艺研究

以辽河油田浮渣油泥和玉门油砂萃取后尾砂为研究对象,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和梯度筛分表征了其矿物组成、形貌特征和粒径分布。结果表明:尾砂主要含结晶度高的石英、碳酸钙,质地坚实,粒径大于75μm的颗粒占95%以上;油泥主要含黏土矿物,质地松软呈絮状,粒径小于75μm的颗粒占89.7%。根据两者性质上的差异性将其进行合理配比,提出了油泥、油砂尾砂共混萃取的新工艺。通过不同比例油泥与尾砂的共萃取实验,考察了尾砂?油泥质量比、溶剂?(油泥+尾砂)质量比、萃取温度、萃取时间等工艺条件对油泥油收率的影响,确定共混萃取最佳工艺条件为:尾砂?油泥质量比0.5、溶剂?(油泥+尾砂)质量比2、萃取温度60℃、萃取时间20min。在最佳工艺条件下,一级共萃取油泥油收率高达81.8%,二级共萃取油泥油总收率高达89.4%。共混萃取通过利用油砂萃取后尾砂作为萃取助剂,提高了油泥萃取的油分收率,对油泥的无害化和资源化工业生产具有参考价值。     

快速溶剂萃取法提取印尼油砂沥青的工艺研究

采用快速溶剂萃取技术提取油砂沥青,通过单因素试验和正交试验得出加压溶剂萃取技术的最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明,在高压条件下,混合适量硅藻土分散剂,快速溶剂萃取法提取油砂沥青比传统索氏抽提与费舍尔试验更有优势。利用正交试验获得快速溶剂萃取法提取油砂沥青的最佳工艺参数为：压力10 MPa,土砂比(硅藻土与油砂的体积比)2∶1,萃取温度160℃,循环次数5次,溶剂选择四氢呋喃,单次静态萃取时间12 min。     

新疆油砂萃取工艺条件优化

采用不同溶剂作为萃取剂,对新疆油砂进行萃取实验,并对萃取工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,以优选出的轻质石脑油中110~145℃馏分为萃取剂,选取粒径为20目的油砂颗粒,在剂砂比(萃取剂与油砂的质量比)为3∶1,萃取温度为60℃,萃取时间为20 min,搅拌转速为200 r/min的条件下,进行2级萃取,油砂沥青收率可达到95.7%。     

加拿大油砂溶剂提取分离的实验研究

采用半连续溶剂抽提法对加拿大油砂进行了提取分离试验,应用溶解度参数理论以及实验筛选出最佳抽提溶剂为重整汽油。综合考察了提取温度、溶剂流量、提取时间以及提取压力等工艺操作条件对油砂沥青提取的影响。结果表明,在提取温度80 ℃、溶剂流量60 mL/min、提取时间60 min、提取压力1.0 MPa的条件下,油砂沥青提取率达到92.74%。     

热解干馏法测定油砂的含油率

采用铝甑低温干馏方法对新疆克拉玛依油砂样品进行了含油率的测定，并考察了油砂粒径、升温速率、干馏终温、持温时间等因素对油砂含油率测定结果的影响。结果表明，热解干馏法测定油砂含油率的最佳操作条件是：粒径3～5 mm，升温速率15 ℃/min，干馏终温500 ℃，持温时间20 min。以二甲苯为溶剂进行水分的蒸馏分离，油水分离效果较好。测定结果与常用的Dean-Stark甲苯抽提法的测定结果十分接近。     

水剂法分离油砂技术的研究

采用水剂水洗法分离油砂,考察了水洗剂类型、水洗剂与油砂的质量比(即剂砂比)、温度、水洗时间、搅拌速率、气浮空气量、气浮时间等因素对油砂分离效果的影响。结果表明,油砂分离的最佳工艺条件为:YS-C型水洗剂质量分数6%、剂砂比2.5、水洗温度85℃、水洗时间30min、搅拌速率120r/min、气浮空气量0.3m3/h、气浮时间12min。在上述条件下,油砂分离效果最佳,出油率为93.10%。水洗剂循环使用6次后,出油率仍保持在87.20%。     

MANAGEMENT OF OIL SANDS TAILINGS

In Alberta, oil sands bitumen is utilized for synthetic crude oil (SCO) production by surface mining, bitumen extraction followed by primary (coking) and secondary (catalytic hydrotreating) upgrading processes. SCO is further refined in specially designed or slightly modified conventional refineries into transportation fuels. Oil sands tailings, composed of water, sands, silt, clay and residual bitumen, is produced as a byproduct of the bitumen extraction process. The tailings have poor consolidation and water release characteristics. For twenty years, significant research has been performed to improve the consolidation and water release characteristics of the tailings. Several processes were developed for the management of oil sands tailings, resulting in different recovered water characteristics, consolidation rates and consolidated solid characteristics. These processes may affect the performance of the overall plant operations. Apex Engineering Inc. (AEI) has been developing a process for the same purpose. In this process oil sands tailings are treated with Ca(OH)₂ lime and CO₂ and thickened using a suitable thickener. The combination of chemical treatment and the use of a thickener results in the release of process water in short retention times without accumulation of any ions in the recovered water. This makes it possible to recycle the recovered water, probably after a chemical treatment, as warm as possible, which improves the thermal efficiency of the extraction process. The AEI Process can be applied in many different fashions for the management of different fractions of the tailings effluent, depending on the overall plant operating priorities.     

MANAGEMENT OF OIL SANDS TAILINGS

ABSTRACT

In Alberta, oil sands bitumen is utilized for synthetic crude oil (SCO) production by surface mining, bitumen extraction followed by primary (coking) and secondary (catalytic hydrotreating) upgrading processes. SCO is further refined in specially designed or slightly modified conventional refineries into transportation fuels. Oil sands tailings, composed of water, sands, silt, clay and residual bitumen, is produced as a byproduct of the bitumen extraction process. The tailings have poor consolidation and water release characteristics. For twenty years, significant research has been performed to improve the consolidation and water release characteristics of the tailings. Several processes were developed for the management of oil sands tailings, resulting in different recovered water characteristics, consolidation rates and consolidated solid characteristics. These processes may affect the performance of the overall plant operations. Apex Engineering Inc. (AEI) has been developing a process for the same purpose. In this process oil sands tailings are treated with Ca(OH)₂ lime and CO₂ and thickened using a suitable thickener. The combination of chemical treatment and the use of a thickener results in the release of process water in short retention times without accumulation of any ions in the recovered water. This makes it possible to recycle the recovered water, probably after a chemical treatment, as warm as possible, which improves the thermal efficiency of the extraction process. The AEI Process can be applied in many different fashions for the management of different fractions of the tailings effluent, depending on the overall plant operating priorities.     

Study on the process of oil recovery from oil sludge and tailing oil sands by blending extraction

Abstract

The raw materials of this study were oilfield sludge and the tailings extracted from the oil sands of Yumen. The mineral composition and particle size distribution were characterized by X-ray diffraction and gradient screening. In this study, we put forward a new process of oil sludge and oil sand tailings blending extraction. Tailings mainly contained high crystallinity of quartz and calcium carbonate. Tailings with particle size greater than 75?μm accounted for more than 95%. Oil sludge mainly contained clay minerals. Through the co-extraction experiment of different proportions of oil sludge and tailings, we can get the best condition of blending extraction. The results showed that m (tailing oil sands): m (oil sludge) = 0.5, v (solvents): m (sample) = 2, temperature 60?°C and contact time 20?minutes were the optimum technological conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of the first stage co-extraction was up to 81.8%. The total yield of secondary co-extraction oil was up to 89.4%. This study overcame the problem of low yield of oil extracted from oil sludge.     

油砂沥青油的加工利用

利用溶剂抽提分离油砂沥青,比较了油砂沥青油的沸腾床加氢实验和焦化实验,以及油砂的干馏实验。结果表明,以甲苯为溶剂抽提分离油砂沥青,可使沥青油回收超过90%。油砂沥青油具有密度大、灰分高、盐含量高的特点,胶质沥青质质量分数超过90%。采用沸腾床加氢处理脱盐沥青油,可使其硫、残炭、镍、钒的脱除率分别达到7283%、6685%、9616%和9824%,胶质和沥青质的转化率分别为7353%和9863%,加氢产物是优质的深加工原料。采用焦化处理非脱盐沥青油,总液收6164%,焦炭产率2895%,资源相对有效利用率低。油砂直接干馏,沥青油总回收率只有7856%。从油砂沥青油的有效回收和利用上看,沸腾床加氢是最有效的手段。     

加拿大Athabasca油砂中部分沥青质油不易分离的原因

1. Introduction Commercial recovery of bitumen from oil sands iscurrently achieved by means of water based separationprocesses. While most of these separation methods arebased on the Hot Water Extraction Process, the need toconserve energy has resulted …     

MINERAL MATTER AND CLAY-ORGANIC COMPLEXES IN OIL SANDS EXTRACTION PROCESSES

ABSTRACT

Differences in oil sands processability and extraction yields can be dependent upon many factors including the composition of the mineral components and the organic complexes that are associated with certain minerals. These mineral-organic associations help provide the bridge which leads to carry over of bitumen with the tailings as well as carry over of water and mineral matter with the bitumen product. The nature of the organic component of clay-organic complexes extracted from various streams in an oil sands recovery process is discussed in relation to the stability of both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions formed.

The samples were obtained from Suncor's oil sands extraction plant located in Fort McMurray, Alberta. Samples were obtained from throughout the extraction process from the primary froth through to the final diluted bitumen product. These samples have been studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as with other techniques such as interfacial tension measurements. The data indicates that high water content products originate, to a great extent, from the presence of a very hydrophilic organic matrix attached to the surface of the clay and heavy metal minerals.     

油砂沥青油的加氢处理研究

油砂沥青油为高密度、高黏度、高金属含量、高残炭的劣质原料,采用沸腾床加氢催化剂,利用反应釜进行加氢处理,考察了反应温度和反应时间对其反应性能的影响,以寻求最佳的沸腾床加氢处理反应条件。实验结果表明,随着反应温度升高、反应时间增加,油砂沥青油的加氢生成油中Fe,Na,Ni,V含量和残炭逐渐降低,最佳反应条件为反应温度430 ℃、反应时间80min,在该条件下,Fe,Na,Ni,V的脱除率分别为99.97%,99.99%,98.11%,99.61%,残炭降低率为72.61%。利用沸腾床进行油砂沥青油的加氢处理,可以有效改善油品性质,满足深加工要求。