一种软件自适应UML建模及其形式化验证方法

软件自适应的建模和形式化验证是提高自适应软件开发效率、保证自适应软件可靠性的基础,现有研究中软件自适应可视化建模与形式化建模相隔离,一定程度上阻碍了自适应软件的开发.为此,提出MV4SAS的方法,将可视化的UML与严格化的时间自动机相结合,用于软件自适应的建模和形式化验证.首先,应用UML扩展机制引入新的构造型、标记值和约束条件,定义软件自适应建模设施,在此基础上构造软件自适应结构模型和行为模型;然后,根据定义好的转换算法将软件自适应行为模型转换为时间自动机网络,建立软件自适应形式化模型;最后,定义一组软件自适应形式化验证性质,并利用模型检测工具UPPAAL验证软件自适应模型的可靠性.案例研究表明,该方法可有效降低软件自适应建模和验证的复杂度,提高软件自适应的建模效率和模型可靠性.     

一种基于策略的软件自适应框架

普适计算成为一种新的应用模式,普适计算运行环境的复杂性对软件自适应提出了新的挑战.提出一种基于策略的软件自适应框架,该框架采用基于上下文的自适应策略模型及上下文驱动的事件机制实现软件运行的自适应能力,该框架屏蔽了软件运行环境的复杂性,具有较强的可扩展性.     

基于反馈控制的软件适应性需求的识别与分析

适应性需求的识别与分析是开发自适应软件系统的基础,它将明确软件系统在运行过程中所可能面临的环境变化以及应对这些变化系统应采取的措施.但是,当前的适应性需求识别与分析方法一方面缺乏对环境的分析导致无法系统性地识别环境变化,另一方面也缺乏有效的框架来同时考虑如何应对已知的环境变化和未知的环境变化.针对这些问题,提出了基于反馈控制的适应性需求识别与分析方法.该方法将自适应软件与其作用的环境看作为一个自适应控制系统,将适应性需求的识别与分析转化为对该控制系统所应具有的反馈回路的识别与分析.通过将环境看作软件的控制对象,它不仅突出了软件的环境,同时还可以通过确定环境感知反馈回路和需求感知反馈回路来分别应对已知的环境变化和未知的环境变化.最后,用一个实例说明所提出方法的可行性.     

重介质选煤过程模型与数据混合驱动的自适应运行反馈控制

重介质悬浮液密度是决定重介质选煤产品质量的重要影响因素,但由于重介质选煤运行过程是一个时变的强非线性过程,导致根据实时工况的变化在线调整重介质悬浮液密度异常困难.为此,本文针对重介质选煤过程特性,提出一种模型与数据混合驱动的自适应运行反馈控制方法,用于在线调整重介质悬浮液密度设定值.所提方法首先将重介质选煤过程分解为低阶线性模型和未建模动态非线性项两部分;进而针对线性部分,将PI控制与一步最优控制相结合,设计了模型驱动的自适应PI控制器;并利用随机向量函数链接网络设计了数据驱动的虚拟未建模动态补偿器;最后分析了闭环系统稳定性,并在基于MATLAB和Unity3D的虚拟现实仿真平台上进行了对比仿真实验,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于事件关系保障识别质量的自适应分析方法

目前自适应软件正在为众多领域系统提供着对运行环境的适应能力.如何建立一种能够保障识别质量的自适应分析方法,使之可从运行环境中快速且准确地识别出异常事件,是确保自适应软件长期稳定运行所必须考虑的研究问题之一.当前运行环境的不确定性给该问题的攻关带来两方面的挑战:其一,现有分析方法一般通过预先建立环境状态与事件之间的映射关...     

基于模型的自适应方法综述

自适应为管理现代软件系统的复杂性提供了有效的解决方案,被设计为自适应系统的软件能够持续的演化以应对环境中的不确定性.在现有的研究工作中,基于模型的自适应方法是一类广泛使用的方法,它将模型驱动工程技术的应用从设计时扩展到运行时以支持自适应能力的实现.通过利用软件模型对运行时丰富和不确定的信息进行管理,这类方法避免了将自适应逻辑与程序语言交织带来的复杂性,从而简化了自适应系统的开发.本文对近些年来国内外学者在该研究领域取得的成果进行了系统总结.首先,给出了六个研究问题,包括相关工作常用的需求模型、结构模型、行为模型、环境模型、模型与模型或模型与系统间的同步方式、自适应规划算法等;接着,依次总结了相关工作在这六个研究问题上的已有研究成果;最后,对未来研究可能面临的挑战进行了展望.     

支持CMMI的软件过程元模型的研究与实现

为解决软件组织在软件项目开发过程中难以实施CMMI(capability maturity model integration)过程改进的问题,基于模型驱动架构的思想和技术,提出了一种"裁剪+重型扩展+轻型扩展"的元模型建模策略.给出了该建模策略下的具体实施步骤和方法,实现了一种支持CMMI过程改进的软件过程元建模,同时给出了基于该元模型的建模实例.实验结果表明,该元模型有助于软件组织建立体现其组织特征并有效支持符合CMMI框架的软件过程用户模型.     

面向普适计算的自适应软件模型及平台实现

适应性是普适计算软件的主要特征。现有研究工作在模型和体系结构层面上缺乏对软件自适应的内在抽象,因而很难为自适应软件的建模、开发和运行提供全面支撑。针对现有研究工作存在的不足,首先以适应性为核心,提出了自主单元的概念及其构件化参考实现模型,用统一的、具有适应能力的自主单元来对普适计算实体进行抽象和描述;进而提出基于自主单元的自适应软件体系结构,从概念、开发和运行3个层面对其进行了系统化阐述,并且实现了支撑该体系结构、基于微内核架构的普适计算软件平台UbiStar;最后以智能博物馆应用为典型案例,对自主单元模型和UbiStar平台的有效性进行了验证。     

基于控制理论的软件自适应方法

软件自适应是近年来软件领域的研究热点,但随着边缘计算带来的计算模式的改变,当前的软件自适应方法已经难以适应差异巨大的设备资源。为提高软件对设备资源的适应性,对软件的资源消耗进行建模,提出一种基于控制理论的资源自适应方法,并依据PID控制理论设计资源自适应控制器。实验表明,提出的软件自适应方法和资源自适应控制器在不同负载情况下、负载变动情况下和不同设备资源情况下都能够适应嵌入式环境下资源的变化,与现有软件自适应方法相比具有更好的资源自适应能力。     

一种面向多目标的适应性设计规约方法

自适应软件越来越多地被应用于不同的领域,如各种分布式信息系统、安全攸关的抗毁系统、防病毒防入侵系统等.正确理解系统的适应性需求,是正确开发自适应系统的前提.将面向目标的规约语言(KAOS)进行扩展,增加了策略模型,建立支持面向多目标的基于动态策略的适应性需求规约方法.     

An adaptive security model using agent-oriented MDA

Model-driven architecture (MDA) supports model-centred software development via successive model transformation. In MDA, the reusability of models is improved as well as the traceability of requirements. Agent-oriented model-driven architecture (AMDA) associates adaptive agents with a business-oriented interaction model and lets agents dynamically interpret their behaviour from the continuously maintained model via which the current business needs are deployed at runtime. The continuous re-interpretation rather than discrete re-transformation of models means immediate requirements deployment after re-configuration, no system down time being required to affect changes and results in a development process that is oriented to business experts rather than developers. Adopting the adaptive agent model, an AMDA paradigm, we put forward a security–aware model-driven mechanism by using an extension of the role-based access control (RBAC) model. For this purpose, the concept of agent role proposed in agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) is integrated with the one proposed in RBAC. Agent duties are specified in an interaction model and describe the roles that agents can play to fulfil their functional responsibilities. Agent rights are specified in a security policy rule model attached to the interaction model and describe constraints upon agent capabilities caused by their associated social roles. The role-based interaction and policy-driven model incorporates both agent rights and duties. Hence, functional requirements and non-functional security constraint requirements are put together, related by the concept of role. Consequently, agents can continuously use the re-configurable model to play their roles in order to fulfil their responsibilities, and at the same time respect the security constraints. The major contribution from the approach is a method for building adaptive and secure MAS, following model-driven architecture. The approach is illustrated with an actual British railway management system.     

A survey of approaches for the visual model-driven development of next generation software-intensive systems

Software-intensive systems of the future are expected to be highly distributed and to exhibit adaptive and anticipatory behavior when operating in highly dynamic environments and interfacing with the physical world. Therefore, visual modeling techniques to address these software-intensive systems require a mix of models from a multitude of disciplines such as software engineering, control engineering, and business process engineering. As in this concert of techniques software provides the most flexible element, the integration of these different views can be expected to happen in the software. The software thus includes complex information processing capabilities as well as hard real-time coordination between distributed technical systems and computers.In this article, we identify a number of general requirements for the visual model-driven specification of next generation software-intensive systems. As business process engineering and software engineering are well integrated areas and in order to keep this survey focused, we restrict our attention here to approaches for the visual model-driven development of adaptable software-intensive systems where the integration of software engineering with control engineering concepts and safety issues are important. In this survey, we identify requirements and use them to classify and characterize a number of approaches that can be employed for the development of the considered class of software-intensive systems.     

Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology

Our goal in this paper is to introduce and motivate a methodology, called Tropos,¹ for building agent oriented software systems. Tropos is based on two key ideas. First, the notion of agent and all related mentalistic notions (for instance goals and plans) are used in all phases of software development, from early analysis down to the actual implementation. Second, Tropos covers also the very early phases of requirements analysis, thus allowing for a deeper understanding of the environment where the software must operate, and of the kind of interactions that should occur between software and human agents. The methodology is illustrated with the help of a case study. The Tropos language for conceptual modeling is formalized in a metamodel described with a set of UML class diagrams.     

基于人工生命的类生态进化模型

简要介绍了复杂系统的背景、定义及人工生命仿真思想,指出人工生命仿真是解决复杂系统的有效途径。自然界生态系统是典型的复杂自适应系统(CAS),传统的统计学方法无法有效解析生态系统。由此提出了一个基于人工生命思想的类生态仿真模型A—ECOLOGY,在一个虚拟环境中创造两种虚拟生物Grazer和Predator,构成捕食者和被捕食者竞争关系,着重考察Grazer生物在自然选择压力下适应和进化的过程。这种通过人工生命仿真方法对系统复杂性模拟的思想,对于研究群体自适应和进化具有一定的参照意义。     

动态自适应软件体系结构重配置研究

在当前的自适应软件研究中,人们将更多的关注点放在环境感知、服务质量建模、编程语言等方面,从而导致缺乏对自适应过程和原理的深入揭示的问题.关注体系结构,研究动态自适应过程,提出了一种软件体系结构重配置方法.该方法通过对构件、连接子的添加、删除和替换等操作来调整体系结构.基于云计算的服务器池大小动态自适应调整实验表明,动态自适应能提高系统的可信度,降低运行费用.     

基于限定中文自然语言需求的SysML模型自动生成方法

模型驱动开发方法逐渐成为安全关键信息物理融合系统(safety-critical cyber-physical system, SC-CPS)设计与开发的重要手段.然而,安全关键信息物理融合系统需求往往是通过自然语言描述的,如何自动化或半自动化链接自然语言需求和基于模型驱动的系统设计与开发过程是目前面临的重要挑战.面向...     

Design and evaluation of the ModelHealth toolchain for continuity of care web services

Motivation: Systems interoperability is a key challenge in providing continuity of care to all patients. The challenge is addressed with information standards and new approaches to systems integration based on service-oriented architectures. Model-driven development promise utilities that are suitable for software service development in the healthcare domain, but development tools are still immature and their industry uptake is low. The knowledge about how model-driven development tools can become more useful to the healthcare software developers should be strengthened. Approach: This paper presents the ModelHealth toolchain that was created in four design/assess cycles, involving 28 students and 41 professional developers in the period 2007–2010. The toolchain provides design assistance for creating software services based on concepts from the CEN-13940 standard for continuity of care, which facilitates development of interoperable software services. Results: The CEN-13940 standard was successfully incorporated into the ModelHealth Toolchain assisting developers in creating software service design models that adhered to the standard. The developers expressed that improved understanding of the target system, documentation generation, and artifact traceability were essential utilities of the model-driven approach. Conclusion: The paper concludes healthcare domain knowledge can be successfully incorporated in a model-driven development toolchain, providing valuable input to the healthcare software service design process. A set of recommendations on how to incorporate domain specific concepts into model-driven development tools is provided. To our knowledge, no other scientific publications have reported from healthcare specific model-driven tool design and evaluations. Our recommendations extend and nuance existing knowledge on model-driven development tooling in general.     

基于体系结构的模型转换语义描述框架

为解决模型驱动的软件开发过程中语义特性的描述和验证等方面的问题,在对类型范畴理论进行扩充的基础上,为构件式软件模型的描述、转换以及转换过程中语义特性的保持和验证建立了一种统一的语义描述框架。范畴图表描述了体系结构模型的语义,类型态射蕴含了构件对象之间的依赖关系,类型函子用来刻画模型转换前后的映射机制。应用研究表明,该框架很好地遵循了模型驱动的软件开发理念和实质要求,为基于模型和模型转换的软件开发研究提供了新的理解和认知学习的指导架构。