基于分形特征融合的目标边缘检测算法

针对复杂背景下目标边缘检测问题,研究了分形在目标检测中的应用,提出了基于分形特征融合的目标边缘检测算法。首先求取图像的分形维数和几何度量空间变换率,然后运用Dempster-Shafer证据理论对分形维数和几何度量空间变换率进行融合处理,对图像像素分类,从而得到目标边缘,最后细化边缘得到目标检测结果。实验表明,该算法能够克服复杂背景的干扰,有效地提取目标边缘。     

改进的多重分形图像奇异性分析算法

为了准确地研究图像奇异性以及各部分的属性及特征,采用一种基于亚像素边缘测度的多重分形算法,该算法根据方形孔径采样定理计算亚像素位置的梯度面密度函数值和图像任意子集(半径可以达到亚像素精度)的边缘测度,进而利用多重分形理论将实际图像分割成一系列具有不同奇异性指数的分形集合.并利用含有不同信息含量的分形集合重建原图像算法,实现了图像从纹理到边缘各层面内容的精确划分.对该算法进行了理论分析和实验验证,得到3×3亚像素方法提取的边缘信息重构原图像,其峰值信噪比达到14.76dB.结果表明,重建图像峰值信噪比主要依赖于所提取的边缘信息质量以及重构系数比,提取的各层面信息与人类的视觉系统所捕获的重要信息相吻合.     

基于多重分形的红外图像增强技术

红外图像边缘模糊,对比度较低,不适合人眼观察,应该对其进行增强.但是,以往的增强方法对噪声增强过度,使细节失真,且未考虑人眼的视觉特性,视觉效果不够好.提出用多重分形理论对红外图像进行分析,提取了红外图像的多重分形奇异指数和多重分形谱特征.分析得到了图像每个像素的分形特征数据,利用人眼的视觉敏感特征把图像的像素分为平滑区、纹理区和边缘区.人眼视觉空间频率特征对图像细节的边缘区域比较敏感,利用这一特性对图像加权增强.最后,进行了计算机仿真实验,实验结果表明:该方法能够突显人眼敏感的图像区域,解决红外图像边缘模糊的问题,使增强图像更适合人眼观察.     

基于分形理论的红外图像边缘检测

提出了利用分形理论进行红外图像边缘检测的方法,比较了根据单一分形维数和根据多尺度分形维数两种方法的边缘检测结果,从而得出：分表理论可以用于红外图像的边缘检测,并且根据多尺度维数的方法能获得较好的边缘检测结果。     

基于多重分形分析的图像边缘检测算法

本文提出了一种基于多重分形分析的边缘检测算法。该算法通过定义在图像灰度级上的测度,计算图像中每一个象素点的奇异性和它的多重分形谱,然后根据多重分形谱,提取图像的边缘信息。经试验表明,该算法具有良好的边缘检测效果,并能突出主要的图像边缘细节信息。     

基于分形理论的边缘检测算法

图像边缘检测在图像分析以及图像理解中是十分关键性的一项技能,采取多种分形方式来提取图像边缘,并对几种分形方式进行对比。得出依赖于分形编码的边缘检测算法复杂且检测时间过长,而利用图像的分形特征以及统计特征来进行测度,并选择多种测度方式,可提高图像边缘区域的精细程度,得到更多的图像信息资源。     

基于局部模糊分形维度的图像边缘检测算法

介绍了一种局部模糊分形维度,并将该技术应用到图像边缘检测中.将像素覆盖方法推广到N维模糊离散集分形维度的计算就得到了局部模糊分形维度.给出了局部图像的LFFD计算流程和基于LFFD的图像边缘检测方法.采用实例验证了本文的算法,实例结果显示,本文的算法是正确的、可行的和有效的.     

基于小波分维的红外图像边缘检测

根据小波变换与分形理论在认识事物的本质上都是基于从总体向局部、从宏观向微观的自相似原理,提出一种以小波作为标尺来定义分维数的思想,将小波变换看作是用小波标尺对信号进行度量,建立一种以信号的细节分量之和作为度量参数的小波分维数.应用小波分维数对红外图像进行边缘提取,实验结果表明该方法简单有效、优于传统的几种边缘提取算子.     

分形方法用于有噪图像边缘检测的研究

本文研究了加性高斯白噪声对于基于离散分数布朗随机场模型图像分形维数估计的影响，并将分形方法用于图像边缘检测，指出在加性高斯白噪声的情况下，分形方法用于图像边缘检测较之经典的基于梯度运算的边缘检测方法有好的抗噪性能，同时又能检测比较丰富的图像边缘细节。     

基于分数阶微分的图像边缘细节检测与提取

图像边缘细节包含重要的视觉感知信息,是进一步进行图像理解与场景感知的基础.针对常用的边缘梯度检测方法难以有效提取类似于分形纹理结构的复杂图像边缘问题,提出一种基于分数阶微分的图像边缘检测方法.该方法首先基于分数阶微分的性质进行图像拐点检测,并进一步结合拉格朗日多项式插值和Grumwald-Letnikov(G-L)分数阶微分的定义,推导出具有非整数步长像素信息的图像边缘检测算子.实验表明,该方法能有效提取图像中的边缘细节(拐点)特征.对被噪声严重污染的具有复杂边缘细节的图像,该算子同样具有较好的边缘细节检测能力,获得更好的视觉效果.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks