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一维硅锗纳米复合材料,主要包括硅锗纳米线异质结与纳米管,具有优异的电学、光学等性能,易与现代以硅为基础的微电子工业相兼容,所以在纳米器件等领域得到了广泛重视。总结了一维硅锗纳米复合材料的研究现状和相关的制备方法,重点评述了在纳米场效应晶体管中的应用,并对其研究前景做了展望。 相似文献
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聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/纳米TiO2复合材料的制备及性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
制备了不同聚乙烯醇浓度的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),利用偶联剂和超声波分散法对纳米TiO2进行了表面处理,用共混法制备了PVB/纳米TiO2复合材料.采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM等测试手段表征了复合材料的红外吸收性能、光学性能、结构和微观形貌,测试了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明:由于纳米TiO2粒子的加入,复合材料的韧性得到明显提高,其断裂伸长率为纯PVB的6~8倍左右,同时使PVB/TiO2纳米复合材料具有良好的紫外线屏蔽性能.该材料的制备方法简便、易于操作,具有一定的工业应用前景. 相似文献
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纳米纤维素是一种近年来发展迅猛的具有胶体活性的材料,它具有携带可控电荷基团、化学活性高、光学活性高、质量轻、价格低及环境友好等特点,正在快速占领导电材料、显示器、传感器、晶体管、射频器件、发电机、发光二极管等光电子器件及关键材料领域的重要地位。目前,纳米纤维素在光电子材料器件的应用依然存在不少挑战,且纳米纤维素的光电子性能及其器件也未见报道。诸多科学问题和技术难点包括如何从纤维素出发赋予该种光电子新材料性能(胶体颗粒维度、化学基团、亲水性)、如何满足光电子器件结构加工对材料性能的要求、如何明确材料物理化学性质与器件制备的关联机制等需要总结和讨论。本文简单介绍了具有代表性的几种纳米纤维素的制备和特性,着重介绍了纳米纤维素的光电子特性,如光学透过性、光学干涉、散射、液晶手性特性等,列举和讨论了纳米纤维素在太阳能电池基板、智能响应反射涂层、光纤等领域的应用和存在的问题。本文有助于建立纳米纤维素关于制备、微观形貌特征、胶体颗粒尺度效应、关键物化特性和光电子器件性能之间的逻辑关系,可确定构建纳米纤维素相关的新器件结构的设计准则和理论根据,还可为纳米纤维素在乳液、薄膜、模板材料、储能器、电极、纸电... 相似文献
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有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备、性能及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述了有机-无机纳米复合材料的最新发展,包括该类材料的制备方法、性能研究和应用前景.纳米复合技术主要有3种:溶胶-凝胶法、嵌入法和纳米微粒填充法.纳米复合材料的光学和磁学等性能可用Maxwell形态理论、层状结构理论和分形结构理论等来研究.这类材料已在力学、热学、电学、磁学、光学、宇航和生物仿生等领域表现出广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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纳米Cu-Al2O3复合材料的烧结法制备研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了纳米Al2O3陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料制备技术.选用纳米级Al2O3陶瓷颗粒作为增强相,采用超声波增强化学镀的方法完成对纳米Al2O3陶瓷颗粒金属铜包覆,热压烧结成纳米Al2O3陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料,开采用XRD、TEM等分析测试技术对其组织性能进行研究. 相似文献
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Nanomaterials have emerged as an area of interest motivated by potential applications of these materials in light emitting
diodes, solar cells, polarizers, light-stable colour filters, optical sensors, optical data communication and optical data
storage. Nanomaterials are of particular interest as they combine the properties of two or more different materials with the
possibility of possessing novel mechanical, electronic or chemical behaviour. Understanding and tuning such effects could
lead to hybrid devices based on these nanocomposites with improved optical properties. We have prepared polymer nanocomposites
of well-defined compositions and studied the optical properties of powders and their thin films. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy
on nanocomposite powders and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements on thin films was used to study the effect of interfacial
morphology, interparticle spacing and finite size effects on optical properties of nanocomposites. Systematic shift in the
imaginary part of the dielectric function can be seen with variation in size and fraction of the gold nanoparticle. The thickness
of the film also plays a significant role in the tunability of the optical spectra. 相似文献
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A. V. Telegin B. A. Gizhevskii L. V. Nomerovannaya A. A. Makhnev 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2012,25(8):2683-2686
The electronic properties of nanostructured strongly correlated oxides CuO, Y3Fe5O12, and FeBO3 that include the fundamental absorption region, low-energy electron excitations, and phonon modes have been investigated by the methods of optical spectroscopy. Absorption and reflection spectra, Raman spectra, and ellipsometry measurements were on the samples of nanostructured ceramics carried out. High-density nanoceramics have been prepared by the shock-wave loading methods using high-pressure torsion from coarse-grain oxide powders. Strong diffusions of the fundamental absorption edge are revealed for all nanoceramics. Anomalous red shift of the absorption edge was observed in CuO nanooxide. The features of the optical functions in nanooxides of 3d-metals is found to be attributed to the high degree of imperfection of the nanooxides, peculiarities of the electronic structure of the strongly correlated oxides and inherent the electronic phase separation. 相似文献
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K. Vijayalakshmi K. Karthick 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2014,25(2):832-836
Highly crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnO/CuO nanocomposite powders have been synthesized by a facile microwave irradiation method. The resulting powders were characterized in terms of structural, optical and morphological properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD), room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. XRD patterns revealed the formation of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites with good crystalline quality. SEM images displayed the formation of hexagonal ZnO and flower shaped agglomeration of ZnO/CuO nano-flakes with uniform production. The strong UV emission peak observed at around 380 nm show enhanced intensity for ZnO/CuO nanocomposite. Compared to ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO/CuO composites exhibit good transparency with sharp absorbance edges. The simplicity of synthesis route coupled with better optical and PL emission properties propose the microwave synthesized ZnO/CuO nanocomposite powders a promising material for optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
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ZnO@Porous Media, Their PL and Laser Effect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Optoelectronic nanocomposites are a new class of materials, which exhibit very interesting and particular properties and attract a growing attention due to their potential applications in information storage and optoelectronic devices. Zinc oxide, ZnO, is one of the most interesting binary semiconductor (3.37 eV) with very important optical properties, which can be used in the fields such as short wavelength lasers, blue light emitting diodes, UV detectors, gas sensors, etc. This paper reviews the very recent progress in the prepa- ration of silica-based ZnO nanocomposites. After an introduction reviewing the theoretical background, the article will begin with a survey of the optical properties and the quantum size effect (QSE) of ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposites prepared by the inclusion of ZnO nanoclusters inside silica mesoporous materials. The second part will focus on one of the most interesting properties of ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposites, which is the random lasing effect after one- and two-photon excitation. The final part will deal with the introduction of ZnO nanoparticles inside microporous zeolites and the observation of QSE. For comparison, the photoluminescence (PL) and QSE properties of ZnS nanoparticles occluded in mesoporous media are also described. New potential applications will be discussed since short-wavelength devices are required by industry to design, for instance, new information storage supports and biolabelling devices. 相似文献
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The study of different chiral inorganic nanomaterials has been experiencing rapid growth during the past decade, with its primary focus on metals and semiconductors. Ceramic materials can substantially expand the range of mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and biological properties of chiral nanostructures, further stimulating theoretical, synthetic, and applied research in this area. An ever-expanding toolbox of nanoscale engineering and self-organization provides a chirality-based methodology for engineering of hierarchically organized ceramic materials. However, fundamental discoveries and technological translations of chiral nanoceramics have received substantially smaller attention than counterparts from metals and semiconductors. Findings in this research area are scattered over a variety of sources and subfields. Here, the diversity of chemistries, geometries, and properties found in chiral ceramic nanostructures are summarized. They represent a compelling materials platform for realization of chirality transfer through multiple scales that can result in new forms of ceramic materials. Multiscale chiral geometries and the structural versatility of nanoceramics are complemented by their high chiroptical activity, enantioselectivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Future development in this field is likely to encompass chiral synthesis, biomedical applications, and optical/electronic devices. The implementation of computationally designed chiral nanoceramics for biomimetic catalysts and quantum information devices may also be expected. 相似文献
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《Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications》2006,26(5-7):1067-1071
Polymer optical fibres (POF) have superior properties compared to glass fibres like e.g. high flexural strength, uncomplicated mechanical machining and inexpensive mass production. Dispersion of nanoscaled ceramic fillers in polymers allows the modification of the refractive index depending on the ceramic used and the aspired application. Current work deals with the development of a process chain to tailor the refractive index of PMMA using a UV-curable reactive resin and ceramic nanopowders as well as with the ageing behaviour of polymer nanocomposites. Improved dispersion techniques applying high shear forces to deagglomerate the ceramic powders lead to a refractive index shift depending on the ceramic fillers maintaining a transparency of resulting polymer nanocomposites sufficient for optical applications in the visible (633 nm) and in the infrared (1550 nm) regime. Optical devices were obtained using reaction moulding of the modified polymer nanocomposites as rapid prototyping method. 相似文献
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Inorganic Materials - This paper examines methods for the fabrication of optical fluoride nanoceramics and the compaction behavior of precursor powders. We discuss the basic drawbacks to the... 相似文献
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G. Ya. Gerasimov 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》2011,84(4):947-963
This paper considers the state of the art in the application of radiation technology for obtaining and investigating new functional
materials, devices, and systems of nanometer sizes where the key role is played by the quantum properties of the substance.
This concerns in the first place the production of ion-track membranes, polymeric nanocomposites and nanogels, three-dimensional
nanostructures, finely dispersed powders, semiconductor nanometric structures, carbon nanostructures, microchips of the new
generation based on graphene transistors, etc. 相似文献
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The efficiency of growth of nanocrystalline tin oxide-germania nanocomposites at room temperature was investigated in the presence of the amino acids arginine, histidine, and lysine under varying conditions. The preparation of tin oxide nanoparticles under similar conditions was also examined. It was observed that of the three amino acids, arginine was the most efficient and formed higher yields of the products. Calcination of the products led to crystalline materials. The growth was carried out using a biological approach under mild conditions at room temperature. The morphology and the crystallinity of the products were examined by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by fluorescence, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The nitrogen adsorption studies indicate that the nanocomposites obtained were mesoporous in nature. The nanocomposites exhibited high BET surface area. Such materials could be potentially useful for the development of improved gas sensor devices and optical devices. 相似文献