厌氧/生物脱氮/MBR/NF/RO工艺处理渗滤液

采用厌氧/生物脱氮/MBR/NF/RO工艺处理含高浓度难降解有机物的垃圾渗滤液。运行结果表明,该工艺对渗滤液的CODCr、BOD5、NH+4-N、TN的去除率均超过99%,出水CODCr≤60 mg/L,BOD5≤20 mg/L,NH+4-N≤8 mg/L,TN≤20 mg/L,达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染物控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)。     

基于准好氧矿化垃圾床的渗滤液脱氮研究

用矿化垃圾填充准好氧生物反应床,在实验室采用灌注方式对填埋场渗滤液中不同形态的氮化合物进行处理,研究试验条件下准好氧矿化垃圾床的脱氮性能和脱氮的生物机理.结果表明,在水力负荷为21 L·m-3·d-1、容积负荷为128 gCOD·m-3·d-1的条件下,当进水NH3-N介于600～2000 mg·L-1之间时,渗滤液中NH3-N、TN、COD去除率分别达97%以上、82%以上、97%以上,不存在有机物积累的现象,此时出水NH3-N、COD均满足生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准的(GB16889-1997)二级排放标准;准好氧矿化垃圾床脱氮的生物机理主要为亚硝化、硝化、好氧反硝化和厌氧反硝化.     

三段序列间歇式活性污泥法中间氧化吸附处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

采用厌氧、好氧2个反应器三段SBR工艺,中间通过投加臭氧来氧化部分有机物处理垃圾渗滤液.在COD质量浓度为3 013 mg/L,BOD质量浓度为1298 mg/L,NH4 -N质量浓度为195mg/L,TN质量浓度为272mg/L,厌氧、兼氧及好氧停留时间分别为24、3h和1h,没有中间氧化的情况下,COD、BOD、NH4 -N、TN的去除率分别为97.3%、97.8%、91.3%、92.1%.厌氧出水投加30mg/L臭氧中间氧化的情况下,各指标的去除率分别为96.7%、97.1%、87.7%、92.8%.在臭氧中间氧化后进入兼氧之前投加20 mg/L粉末活性炭后,各指标的去除率可以达到98.5%、99.3%、94.6%、94.7%.臭氧和粉末炭的同时投加有利于对COD和NH4 -N的去除.粉末活性炭的投加一方面可以吸附部分有机物,另一方面可以消除臭氧对后续工艺的影响.     

MBR-NF工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的应用

某垃圾场采用外置式MBR-NF工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行处理。工程运行实践表明,在进水CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、SS的质量浓度分别为4 760、1 840、835、690 mg/L时,处理后出水分别为50、21、20、10 mg/L,去除率分别达到98.9%、98.9%、97.6%、98.6%,出水各项指标均可达到GB 16889—2008《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》表2的排放浓度限值。     

厌氧/好氧生物流化床耦合处理垃圾渗滤液的新工艺研究

采用厌氧/好氧生物流化床耦合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液。探索了厌氧/好氧的耦合及各种工艺操作条件对垃圾渗滤液生物降解效率的影响,并对其影响机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,经过高效厌氧流化床的处理, 垃圾渗滤液的可生化性可提高49.1%。CODCr/NH4+-N比值对渗滤液好氧生物降解性能有较显著的影响,适宜的CODCr/NH4+-N比值应控制在7.6左右。当进水CODCr及NH4+-N浓度分别为5000mgL-1、280mgL-1左右时,系统出水主要指标达到GB16889-1997一级排放标准。当系统受到短时间(12h左右)超过正常运行负荷约3倍的负荷冲击时,能在4d左右的时间内恢复正常。本研究为垃圾渗滤液的治理提供了新的解决方案。     

头孢菌素高浓度废水处理工程设计

根据头孢菌素生产废水CODCr、NH3-N以及盐分高的特点,采用反硝化-硝化(A/O)生物处理工艺处理该生产废水。运行结果表明:在进水CODCr、NH3-N的质量浓度分别为8 000～15 400、260～400 mg/L时,经该工艺处理后,出水CODCr、NH3-N的质量浓度分别为325～497、1.51～6.92 mg/L,达到了设计要求,出水水质满足CJ 3082—1999《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》的要求。     

某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例

某生活垃圾填埋场处于中后期,产生的渗滤液具有氨氮浓度高,可生化性差的特点,采用混凝沉淀—氨氮吹脱—两级A/O—MBR—纳滤—反渗透组合工艺,进水CODCr、BOD5、NH4+-N的质量浓度分别为6000、2500、2500 mg/L,进水CODCr、BOD5、NH4+-N的去除率99.75％、99.88％、99.2％,出水指标达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)表2标准.     

废水脱氮中好氧反硝化现象的研究

采用SBR工艺,对废水脱氮中的好氧反硝化现象进行了研究。试验工序为:缺氧搅拌3h、曝气8h、缺氧搅拌1.5h、沉淀1h、排水。当进水ρ(NH4+-N)为107mg/L,ρ(CODCr)为700mg/L时,好氧段NH4+-N的去除率达到53.3%,TN的去除占整个周期TN去除的71.23%,表明好氧反硝化现象对整个周期的脱氮起着主要的作用。     

MBR工艺处理高浓度化工废水

采用浸没式膜生物反应器(MBR)处理化工废水,处理能力60 m3/h,进水CODCr、NH3-N、SS质量浓度分别为533、182、86 mg/L,处理后,出水CODCr、NH3-N、SS分别为8、28.5、6 mg/L,去除率分别达到94.6%、95.6%、93%,且出水清澈稳定.可回用至循环冷却水系统.     

厌氧-好氧工艺处理维生素C废水

采用中和-双级上流式厌氧污泥床-双级好氧工艺处理维生素C废水。在低浓度废水进水平均CODCr,SS,NH3-N的质量浓度分别为810,117,14.4mg/L,高浓度废水进水平均CODCr,SS,NH3-N的质量浓度分别为10500,626,403 mg/L时,经处理后出水平均CODCr,SS,NH3-N的质量浓度分别为230,46,1.17mg/L,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级排放标准,并且上流式厌氧污泥床每天产沼气约30000m3,沼气得到利用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.