Manufacturing high-performance Mg alloy through hot extrusion

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy is usually manufactured through method of combined homogenization, hot deformation and aging treatment and the obtained alloy usually exhibits low ductility. In this investigation, Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy possessing superior overall mechanical properties, both high ductility and strength, was obtained through a method of hot extrusion applied on the as cast alloy and a following T6 treatment involving a short solution and an aging. The coarse grains in the as cast alloy was severely refined during the extrusion processing, accompanied with the decomposition and dissolving of the eutectic structure generated during casting. After T6-treated, the alloy exhibits superior comprehensive mechanical properties of 293?MPa in yield strength and 9.4% in elongation. Compared with the alloy processed by extrusion and T5 treatment, which is usually used for wrought magnesium alloy, this alloy exhibits an increment of more than 90% in ductility with a sacrifice as low as 2% in yield strength. Meanwhile, the fabrication process is notably shortened. The improvement in mechanical property is attributed to the random texture, generated in the extrusion without a foregoing homogenization. This manufacturing method of combining extrusion and T6 treatment throws light on the application of extruded magnesium alloy through the significant improvement in ductility, notable shortening in fabrication process procedure and the sever reduction in energy consumption.     

稀土增强型Mg-10Gd-8Y-1.5Nd-0.5Zr合金挤压工艺研究

本文主要研究了新型稀土Mg-10Gd-8Y-1.5Nd-0.5Zr的挤压工艺.结果表明:稀土的加入使得镁合金的变形温度范围更窄.变形量对稀土镁合金的挤压工艺过程具有重要的影响,但温度才是决定该种稀土镁合金变形成功的关键.该种新型稀土镁合金的最适合挤压温度为310-330℃.     

ZK60镁合金型材挤压过程有限元数值模拟

本文运用DEFORM-3D平台对ZK60变形镁合金型材挤压过程进行了数值模拟.分析了变形温度(T=300℃/350℃)、变形速度(V=2、5mm/s)对合金等效应变、等效应力、温度场以及变形载荷的影响规律.结果表明:温度对等效应力影响显著,变形温度从300℃升高到350℃,合金最大等效应力从75MPa降低到55MPa;变形速度对温升影响显著,挤压速度由2mm/s升高到5mm/s,合金最大温升由81℃升高到118℃.确定了ZK60合金在挤压比为25时,适宜的挤压温度为350℃,挤压速度应在5mm/s以下.     

稀土Dy对Cu-Cr-Ti合金时效态组织和性能的影响

为了研究稀土Dy对Cu-Cr-Ti合金组织和性能的影响,采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对添加不同含量Dy的时效态Cu-Cr-Ti合金析出相形貌、组织和成分进行了表征和分析,并对合金的硬度和导电率进行了测试.研究表明:Cu-0.3Cr-0.2Ti合金中形成新相CuTi3;富Dy相以4种形态存在,在Cu基体上以球形、柳叶状、颗粒状存在,晶界上以短棒状析出.经500℃保温1h时效处理后,Cu-0.3Cr-0.2Ti合金中0.1%Dy的添加有效地提高了合金的硬度和导电率,其硬度和导电率分别达138.8HV和98.3%IACS.     

Effect of initial texture on fatigue properties of extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy

The effect of initial texture on cyclic deformation behavior of extruded ZK60 magnesium (Mg) alloy was experimentally investigated under strain‐controlled loading with the strain amplitudes at 4%, 1%, and 0.35%. The testing specimens were taken from extrusion direction (ED), transverse direction (TD), and a material precompressed to 9.4% along the ED (ED_?9.4%). At a high strain amplitude of 4%, the cyclic deformation modes of ED and ED_?9.4% specimens are similar, and they experience twinning exhaustion → slip and detwinning exhaustion → slip during each loading cycle. At a medium strain amplitude of 1%, twinning‐detwinning is involved in the cyclic deformation, but different deformation mechanisms were observed in the 3 different specimens. Partial twinning‐complete detwinning mode dominates the cyclic deformation in the ED specimen, while partial detwinning‐retwinning mode occurs in the ED_?9.4% specimen. For the TD specimen, both basal slip and tension twinning occur during cyclic deformation. At a low strain amplitude of 0.35%, dislocation slips dominate the deformation for the ED specimen with a few observable tension twins. For the ED_?9.4% specimen, initially twined texture increases the ductility of the material and enhances fatigue life as compared with the other 2 specimens.     

轧制方式对ZK60镁合金组织与性能的影响

目的 通过显微组织表征和拉伸性能测试等方法,研究轧制温度、多道次累积压下率及轧制路径对ZK60镁合金组织演变和力学性能的影响。方法 通过在不同温度（300、340、380、420℃）与同一多道次累积压下率下进行轧制实验,明确了后续轧制实验的轧制温度。随后在同一温度、单个道次压下率为10%、不同累积压下率下进行多道次单向轧制及交叉轧制实验,并对轧制后试样的力学性能及微观组织进行分析。结果 当轧制温度为380℃、累积压下率为40.1%时,材料动态再结晶程度最大,平均晶粒尺寸减小为15.48μm,合金抗拉强度和断后伸长率最大,分别为301.46 MPa和20.56%。与多道次单向轧制相比,交叉轧制后合金板材基面织构强度明显降低,极密度值降低为9。材料RD方向的抗拉强度提高了6.35%,断后伸长率没有明显变化,TD方向的抗拉强度略微下降,但断后伸长率提高了71.47%,TD方向由脆性断裂转为韧性断裂。结论 随着温度与累积压下率的上升,ZK60镁合金的动态再结晶程度提高,晶粒得到细化,材料力学性能得到提升。在相同温度与累积压下率下,经交叉轧制后,材料基面织构显著削弱,材料的各向异性得到改善。     

Ce和均匀化对Mg-2.0Zn-1.0Mn镁合金组织和性能的影响

在Mg-2.0Zn-1.0Mn镁合金中添加稀土Ce进行均匀化和挤压实验,分析稀土Ce和均匀化对ZM21镁合金组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明,添加稀土Ce可以有效细化ZM21合金的晶粒,提高ZM21镁合金的力学性能,降低ZM21镁合金凝固过程中的潜热和凝固温度范围。均匀化退火对ZM21镁合金挤压制品的性能和组织影响较小,但对ZM21+Ce镁合金的性能和组织影响明显,两种合金的断口均为混合型断裂,其中ZM21+Ce镁合金倾向于韧性断裂。     

热处理条件对锻造ZK60-Y镁合金力学性能的影响

研究了不同热处理条件下锻造ZK60-Y镁合金微观组织的变化对其力学性能的影响.结果表明,直接进行人工时效的合金具有优越的强度和塑性.XRD分析表明,析出相主要有Mg2Zn3、Mg24Y5、Zn2Zr3和w-Mg3Y2Zn3.Mg2Zn3和w-Mg3Y2Zn3等析出相的尺寸、数量及其在基体中的分布状态对合金的力学性能影响很大.锻造态下大块破碎呈带状分布的Mg3Y2Zn3相及T4和T6态下粗化呈片层状的Mg2Zn3相是合金力学性能降低的主要原因.细小呈带状分布的Mg3Y2Zn3相和细层片状分布的Mg2Zn3相及其在此状态下细小的晶粒使T5态合金具有优越的抗拉强度和塑性.     

Orientation dependencies of mechanical response, microstructure and texture evolution in hot compression of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular extrusion

The anisotropic mechanical behavior during hot compression of an AZ31 Mg alloy processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was evaluated and then discussed in correlation with the concurrent microstructure and texture evolution. The results revealed apparent orientation-dependencies in the mechanical responses, microstructure, and texture development in uniaxial compression along two perpendicular directions. Compression along the transverse direction (TD) led to a higher hardening rate, higher peak stress, and earlier softening than those obtained in compression along the extrusion direction (ED). This can be attributed to the differences in the initial textures prior to compression along the two directions, which led to a more significant contribution of tensile twinning at the early stage of straining and consequently more extensive dynamic recrystallization in loading along TD than along ED. These results suggest that the deformation behavior in compressive loading of the ECAE-processed Mg alloy is highly anisotropic, which needs to be taken into account in their applications.     

挤压比对Al-0.68Mg-0.60Si合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、电子背散射衍射系统(EBSD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、硬度测试、室温拉伸测试等研究挤压比对Al-0.68Mg-0.60Si合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:随着挤压比的增大,T6态Al-0.68Mg-0.60Si合金型材基体内的强化相弥散质点的尺寸逐渐减小,弥散程度增加,小角度晶界占比呈下降趋势,但再结晶分数有所提高,当挤压比达到39.6以上,合金内部基本为立方织构。此外,在挤压变形过程中,随着挤压比(λ=26.8~55.7)的增大,合金型材的硬度、抗拉强度先上升再下降;当λ=39.6时,合金的抗拉强度达到最大值284.00MPa。     

Microstructures and tensile properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy by continuous extrusion forming process

The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of continuous extrusion forming (Conform process) of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The results indicate that continuous extrusion forming can refine the structure, improve the degree of the structure homogeneity and change the crystal orientation of basal plane and hence enhance the ductility but decrease tensile strength at room temperature. The fracture mechanisms of the material prepared by Conform process change from the mixture of ductile and brittle to the full dimpled rupture compared with the conventional extrudate.     

Microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties of an Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression

The evolution of microstructure and texture of an extruded GW102K Mg alloy processed by cyclic extrusion and compression (CEC) at 450 °C were investigated. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature and strain rate 5 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹. The results show that the microstructure was effectively refined, and the initial fiber texture became disintegrated and developed a new texture after 14 CEC passes. It was found that the strength and ductility were simultaneously increased compared with the as-extruded alloy. In particular, the elongation and yield strength were related in a line relationship having a positive slope. As the texture changed and texture intensity decreased, substantial grain refinement was observed. The hard second-phase particles were considered to be responsible for the uncommon properties of the GW102K alloy processed by CEC.     

镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯的微观组织演变

采用常规铸造法和等径道角挤压分别制备了镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯;用金相显微镜研究了2种半固态坯料在等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变.结果表明:与传统铸造方法制备的半固态坯相比,采用等径道角挤压制备的半固态坯的晶粒细小、圆整,适合于半固态成形.在等温热处理过程中,2种坯料晶粒粗化的机制是合并长大和Ostwald长大.铸...     

热挤压工艺对AZ31镁合金晶粒大小及性能的影响

对商用AZ31镁合金挤压棒材进行了不同工艺参数的挤压变形,系统研究了挤压工艺参数对AZ31镁合金晶粒大小以及性能的影响,并对镁合金组织的微晶尺寸进行了金相定量分析.研究结果表明,热变形可有效细化晶粒,但对AZ31镁合金晶粒细化是有限度的;对已通过热挤压变形晶粒细化的AZ31镁合金进一步进行大的塑性变形,其晶粒不但没有进一步的细化反而比挤压前略有长大.     

Ce对铸态5356铝合金组织性能的影响

为探索稀土元素Ce对5356铝合金组织性能的影响,本文采用气泡浮游法,通过添加不同成分微量的稀土元素Ce精炼制备出含Ce不同含量的5356铝合金,通过显微组织观察、室温拉伸试验、密度测试等方法研究了在5356铝合金基体中添加稀土元素Ce对其组织性能的影响.实验结果表明:合金的力学性能及密度随着Ce添加量的增加而得到改善;稀土元素Ce既能够提高合金的抗拉强度、断后伸长率及硬度等力学性能,又能够提高合金的致密度使得铸锭中的气孔或疏松减少;添加Ce质量分数为0.4%时,其力学性能改善效果最佳,抗拉强度达到245.8 MPa,屈服强度为101.24 MPa,断后伸长率增加至29.05%,其密度也达到最大,相对提高了0.67%.     

稀土元素Gd对Al-Si-Mg铸造合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

为了系统地研究稀土Gd对铸造Al-Si-Mg(A357)合金组织和性能的影响,采用OM,SEM,EPMA,XRD,DSC,TEM及拉伸实验等方法对不同Gd含量A357合金进行研究。结果表明:Gd的添加可以细化A357合金的晶粒并减小二次枝晶间距。此外,Gd可以有效地细化合金中的共晶硅,但是对片状共晶硅的形貌影响不大。晶粒和共晶硅的细化及二次枝晶间距的减小使添加Gd后的A357合金的力学性能有了显著的提高。其中,A357-0.5Gd(质量分数/%)合金热处理态抗拉强度为355MPa,相对于未添加Gd元素的A357合金提高了37MPa。当Gd质量分数为1.0%时,尽管组织得到进一步细化,但是大量粗大Al 2Si 2Gd第二相的形成导致了合金力学性能的下降。同时对Gd的细化机制进行探究,结合TEM分析结果可以推断,Gd变质处理后共晶硅上的孪晶密度并不足以引起共晶硅形貌的转变,使得Gd变质效果较弱。而Gd对共晶硅的细化作用可能与Gd增加成分过冷以及形成纳米相阻碍共晶硅生长有关。     

加工方式对AZ31变形镁合金热拉伸流变应力的影响

针对不同方法制备的AZ31镁合金薄板,利用热拉伸试验机和金相显微镜对其在不同温度和变形速率下的流变应力进行了实验研究.结果表明:挤压、交叉、热轧和冷轧等方法制备的AZ31镁合金薄板的应力-应变曲线基本特征是相同的.峰值流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,在低温时具有明显的厚度效应;当温度大于350℃时峰值流变应力几乎不随板材厚度变化而变化;应变速率小于1.0×10-2s-1,变形温度大于150℃下所有AZ31薄板的延伸率均δ≥45%;单向轧制薄板的各向异性随温度提高减小.     

动态流量控制法挤出镁合金三维弯曲管件

为了开发新的弯管件加工工艺,提出了一种动态调整传统分流挤压模具中分流孔内金属流量(dynamic flow control extrusion,DFCE)的挤压变形方法.在带有辅助调控挤压杆的630 T卧式挤压机上挤出镁合金弯管件,采用OM、SEM、TEM、拉伸试验等方法,研究了DFCE制造的镁合金弯管件的晶粒细化方式、微观组织结构和性能.结果表明:在变形温度450℃、直管挤压速度3 mm/s、弯管挤压速度1.5 mm/s、辅助调控挤压杆速度30 mm/s时,成功挤出变形均匀的弯管件;挤压后的直管部分和弯管部分的晶粒尺寸分别为7.9和12.8μm,且合金晶粒大小均匀;弯管部分室温拉伸强度和屈服强度分别由217和124 MPa提高到296和179 MPa,延伸率由12.9%提高到26.2%.DFCE挤压变形可以显著细化AZ91镁合金晶粒,其挤压过程中晶粒细化机制为位错驱动和动态再结晶,机械性能较铸态大幅度提高,坯料和挤出合金的拉伸断口分别呈现为准解理断裂和韧窝断裂的特征.     

大塑性变形的AM60镁合金半固态等温处理研究

为了制备晶粒细小且球化程度高的的AM60镁合金半固态坯料,对铸态和等径道角挤压态的AM60镁合金半固态等温处理过程进行了研究.借助金相显微镜对AM60镁合金铸坯和等径道角挤压后的铸坯在半固态等温处理中的微观组织演变进行了观察.研究结果表明:对于AM60镁合金,直接等温处理获得的半固坯晶粒很粗大,其平均晶粒尺寸都在100μm以上,晶粒球化效果不理想,很难获得合格的半固态坯;新SIMA法是一种非常理想制备AM60镁合金半固态坯的方法,利用该方法制备的AM60半固态坯的微观组织晶粒十分细小,平均晶粒尺寸在8～22μm,晶粒球化程度高;随着保温时间的延长,新SIMA法制备的AM60半固态坯的微观组织出现长大现象;随着等温处理温度的升高,固相晶粒的平均尺寸先增加后减小,晶粒球化程度越来越高.