Estimating the Expected Probability of Misclassification for a Rule Based on the Linear Discriminant Function: Univariate Normal Case

The problem is to estimate the average probability of misclassifying an observation from a given population in the context of the two group classification problem when populations are univariate normal with unknown means and common known variance, and the rule is based on the linear discriminant function. Several estimators are compared with respect to asymptotic MSE and with respect to the distribution of the absolute error between estimator and parameter, and conclusions drawn about the best estimators.     

Application of a titania thin film for the discrimination between diesel fuel and heating oil

The aim of the paper is to show that chemiresistors based on the TiO₂ thin film can be used for the discrimination between diesel fuel, heating oil and their blends if coupled with a suitable measuring procedure and pattern recognition technique. The titania layer was prepared with sol-gel technique. A film response of the TiO₂ layer was measured at the temperatures of 275, 360 and 440 °C. The response of chemiresistors to fuel vapours depended on temperature of the sensitive material. The most apparent differences between oils appeared at the temperature of 360 °C. Principal Component Analysis qualitatively indicated the possibility of discrimination between oils at the sensing layer temperature of 360 °C. The actual discrimination was obtained with Linear Discriminant Analysis. It used first two principal components extracted from the measurement data collected at 360 °C as input variables. Our results indicate the possibility to develop a method of discrimination between diesel fuel and heating oil, based on measurements of electrical signals generated by the film in the presence of detected vapours.     

Errors of Prediction in Multiple Regression with Stochastic Regressor Variables

Methods are provided for analyzing data of the “prefer A, prefer B, or no preference” type. These methods take proper account, of the “no preference” results and avoid the ad hoc treatments of these responses that are sometimes employed. Some of these treatments are listed by Odesky (1967). An exact solution is given, and some straightforward approximate methods are derived and illustrated.     

中国参加温度关键比对结果分析

本文介绍了国际计量委员会(CIPM)组织国际关键比对的背景和已经开展的温度比对项目。对中国计量科学研究院参加的温度比对项目进行了系统介绍和结果分析。     

影响多联机APF的关键要素研究

本文采用某28 kW多联机,对APF各工况进行仿真和实验测试,并对包括室内机和室外机风系统、换热器KA值、压缩机效率、制冷剂充注量、系统压力损失和回油系统等影响APF的关键因素进行研究。实验与仿真的APF值分别为4.59和4.61,单一工况的仿真与实验值最大误差为5.1%,各工况误差综合作用后APF误差为0.5%。研究结果表明：对于实验机,改善单一要素对APF提升有限,如压缩机效率提升3%,APF增幅2.8%;回油系统精细化,APF增幅约5%;换热器KA值提升10%,APF增幅在1%以内;所以需要考虑多因素同时改善来提升APF。     

国内常用分散式数据采集器的性能介绍

介绍了三种数据采集器，并对其性能进行比较。     

空气与土壤复合源热泵在北方地区的匹配设计模拟分析

空气与土壤复合源热泵系统通过空气换热器实现了间接空气源热泵模式与补热模式,可补偿取、放热量的差值,解决土壤源热泵系统在我国北方地区长期运行产生的土壤热不平衡问题.为能够在保障供暖效果的前提下最大限度地降低地埋管数量,本文以我国5个北方城市的住宅为例,在TRNSYS平台上建立了空气与土壤复合源热泵系统的仿真模型,对地埋管...     

火控系统弹道解算软件的测试方法

对火控系统弹道解算软件的测试特点、难点和侧重点进行了深入的分析,在分析的基础上给出针对该类型软件的一种测试方法,该方法以一个独立函数或者一条函数基本调用路径为基本功能模块来进行测试.文中给出了该方法的具体算法,并详细分析了该测试方法的有效性和相对充分性,最后通过试验对此方法进行了验证.     

Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: Analysis of collisions at sea using the HFACS

Over the last decade, the shipping industry has implemented a number of measures aimed at improving its safety level (such as new regulations or new forms of team training). Despite this evolution, shipping accidents, and particularly collisions, remain a major concern. This paper presents a modified version of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, which has been adapted to the maritime context and used to analyse human and organisational factors in collisions reported by the Marine Accident and Investigation Branch (UK) and the Transportation Safety Board (Canada).     

WCDMA空中接口RLC层的AM传输方式关键技术的研究

以WCDMA标准为依据，简要介绍了该标准空中接口方案的无线链路控制子层（RLC层）,并对RLC层确认数据传输方式中发送／接收缓冲区的设置以及状态报告的形成进行了深入探讨。     

构建屏南白水洋、鸳鸯溪国家重点风景名胜区旅游服务标准体系的思考

旅游标准化已成为旅游业的全球趋势。制定、实施旅游服务标准体系,不仅是提高旅游业服务质量水平的依据,也是旅游业进行市场定位,树立市场形象,参与市场竞争的有力手段。文章在介绍屏南白水洋、鸳鸯溪国家重点风景名胜区和阐述旅游标准化的内涵的基础上,分析了构建屏南白水洋、鸳鸯溪国家重点风景名胜区旅游服务标准体系的必要性,阐明了屏南白水洋、鸳鸯溪国家重点风景名胜区旅游服务标准体系建设的内容,并就屏南白水洋、鸳鸯溪国家重点风景名胜区旅游标准化建设提出相关意见和建议。     

Performance Measures for Geometric Fitting in the NIST Algorithm Testing and Evaluation Program for Coordinate Measurement Systems

The Algorithm Testing and Evaluation Program for Coordinate Measurement Systems (ATEP-CMS) is a Special Test Service offered under the NIST Calibration Program. ATEP-CMS evaluates the performance of geometric fitting software used in coordinate measurement systems. It is a Special Test because it is a new type of NIST service, experimental in nature and unsupported by historical data. This report documents and explains the rationale of the performance measures used in ATEP-CMS and analyzes the uncertainties of those measures.     

PRISMA as a quality tool for promoting customer satisfaction in the telecommunications industry

Near-miss event reporting systems have a successful history in managing risk in industries such as medicine, aviation, nuclear power, and the petrochemical industry. By treating events of customer dissatisfaction as accidents, near-miss event reporting systems designed to reduce risks to safety in hazardous environments may be borrowed by the telecommunications industry. The system chosen for this study was the Prevention and Recovery Information System for Monitoring and Analysis (PRISMA), developed by the Eindhoven University of Technology (EUT). The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of applying PRISMA as a tool to reduce risks to customer dissatisfaction. Participants in the project included the EUT Safety Management Group, a consultant, and six Network Service Managers from a telecommunications company whose duties included responding to customer complaints. Twenty-three incidents were investigated with an average of 5.9 root causes arising from 2.9 process owners per event. Causal trees were generated for each incident and root causes were classified according to the Eindhoven Classification Model (ECM). The distribution of 135 root causes was 50% organizational, 32% human, 16% technical and 2% unclassifiable. The participants were successful in executing the functional steps of PRISMA in response to incidents of customer dissatisfaction. This study established the suitability of PRISMA as a tool for managing risks to customer satisfaction within the telecommunications domain.     

中国车用能源需求和关键材料资源可获性分析

随着中国汽车产销量和保有量的迅速增长,车用能源和资源成为汽车强国战略中的一个重要问题。本研究基于清华大学中国车用能源研究中心所开发的中国汽车保有量预测模型,对未来汽车规模进行预测,对车用能源和资源的利用现状、技术发展水平、发展趋势等进行研究,并提出相应政策建议。研究结果表明,中国汽车保有量将持续增长,车用燃料供需矛盾将进一步凸显,汽车材料所需矿产资源储备、产品性能和技术水平有待提升。建议出台相关政策,提前布局,积极应对未来汽车工业面临的能源和资源方面的挑战。     

基于四川西昌中强震数据的区域地震动预测模型

为了探讨基于有限的本地数据建立区域性地震动预测模型的可行性,面向建设西部地震科学实验场的需求,基于中强震数据较丰富的四川西昌附近21次地震的1 250条地震动,分析了区域性预测模型中距离项、震源项以及场地项的特征,标定了模型系数,建立了符合西昌地区地震动特征的预测模型.结果表明:西昌地区的地震动加速度反应谱在近场短周期...     

我国不同地区变风量系统节能特性分析

通过计算机模拟计算对我国不同地区VAV系统能耗及设备特性进行了研究，表明在气候条件不同的地区，VAV系统设备节能效果不同，同时，调节冷冻水流量可进一步提高冷水机组的部分负荷性能。     

空调表冷器性能微机测试系统设计与软件开发

介绍了一套用于空调表冷器性能测试的试验装置及配套软件，重点叙述了系统的总体构成、程序的设计思想以及数据采样和处理等功能模块。微机测试技术以及配套软件的使用大大减少了测试人员的工作量，并在一定程度上提高了测试的精度。     

中国新型城镇化生态文明建设模式分析与战略建议

过去30年我国的快速城镇化进程带来了资源过度消耗、环境污染等各种问题,存在大量不符合生态文明的现象,是不可持续的。城镇化和生态文明两个概念的核心都是人,新型城镇化和生态文明建设在核心和目标上具有一致性。综合考虑资源、环境、经济、人口四大子系统对城镇发展的反馈机制,应将生态文明理念贯穿于城镇化发展的全过程和城镇建设中的经济、政治、文化、社会等各个方面,对城镇生产方式、消费方式、基础设施建设等方面进行生态规划和智能设计,实现环境友好和资源节约的新型城镇化发展模式。     

“气象设计模型”:气象设计学体系的核心概念研究——中国当代设计学理论体系建构研究系列

系统探索中国当代设计学理论体系建构的个案性研究,重点深入探讨社会设计学体系中的气象设计学体系建构问题。将“气象设计模型”作为气象设计学体系建构的核心概念,探讨人类气象设计模型的演变及其价值问题,并将其作为探索气象设计学的首要理论问题。亦即气象模型是一切气象设计的基础。研究气象设计学,贯彻落实气象高质量发展,首先要解决“气象设计模型”的理论问题。主要采用文献研究法,从整体性、系统性、发展性的视角,综合自然的尺度、机器的尺度和人的尺度,对AI气象大模型之前的气象模型设计的发展进行了系统地梳理与探讨。从设计学的角度对气象模型设计展开了系统研究,提出了模型的六种分类、三种尺度、模型的内部设计与外部设计研究框架,为气象模型设计开辟了“活人”的视角。     

Multiple-Technique Approach for Improving a Performance Measurement and Management System: Action Research in a Mining Company

Abstract

Many enterprises encounter difficulty in managing strategic goals and performance measures because of a lack of a systemic and objective procedure and method. Action research was conducted through a case study approach at a mining company to investigate this problem regarding performance measurement and management (PMM) and to identify potential solutions for application. This research proposes a multiple-technique approach (including the Delphi method, analytic network process, system dynamics simulation, dashboard visualization, and radio frequency identification tracking techniques) and a creative implementation framework for overcoming the shortcomings within a case company and those in the relevant performance measurement literature. This study demonstrates a step-by-step approach for establishing a PMM system using a real case example. Furthermore, for sustaining the effectiveness and efficiency of the PMM system, key performance indicators (KPIs) were continually monitored against a changing operational environment through design, measurement, analysis, and improvement processes to address problem areas occurring in the production and maintenance departments of a mining company. The benefits of the PMM system in practice are demonstrated by the outcomes of the mining company, with noticeable improvements observed in many KPIs.