Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Discharge Flow with Fluctuation in Positive Discharge Blower

The operating performance of positive discharge blower/s markedly influenced by the pulsation of the discharge flow, but difficult to be measured with experimental methods. The internal and discharge flow of positive discharge blower with involute type three-lobe are numerically investigated, both in air cooling and countercurrent cooling conditions by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The unsteady compressible flow equations are solved using RNG κ-ε turbulent model. The finite difference method and the second order upwind difference scheme are applied into discrete equations. In the numerical simulation, the dynamic mesh techniques are used to approach the rotating displacement of cell cubage and the alterability of inlet, outlet flow area. The non-uniform mesh is applied to the rotor-stator coupled area. The reliability of the numerical method is verified by simulating the inner flow and comparing with the semi-empirical theory. The flow flux curves and the distributing of velocity vector showed obvious vortex motion in all the discharge process, both in air cooling and countercurrent cooling conditions. These vortexes with different positions, intension and numbers at different rotating angles have remarkable influences on the discharge flux. For air cooling, the vortex produced a second pulsation with big-amplitude in a cycle, and led to the early appearance of maximum of backflow. For countercurrent cooling, the frequency of pulsation increased due to the pre-inflow, but the hackflow at the outlet is prevented, also the pulsation strength has greatly decreased.     

Performance characteristics of turbo blower in a refuse collecting system according to operation conditions

A simulator for a refuse collecting system is designed to investigate the performance characteristics of a turbo blower operating at different rotational frequencies. The simulator consists of an air intake, a waste chute, circular duct, waste collector and turbo blower. Experimental measurements and numerical simulation with three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations have been performed to analyze the performance of the turbo blower. Throughout numerical simulation of the simulator, it is found that the input energy of the blower can be reduced by controlling the rotational frequency of impeller while the efficiency of the blower keeps constant. The required outlet pressure and flow rate of the blower can be also adjusted along the system resistance of the refuse collecting system. Detailed flow characteristics inside the blower are analyzed for different rotational frequencies. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.     

基于CFX的导叶与叶片间距对泵装置性能改变的研究

基于CFX采用数值模拟方法计算轴流泵导叶进口边与叶轮叶片出口边的平行间距S的变化对泵装置性能的影响。在质量守恒定理和动量守恒定理的基础上,应用Navier-Stoke方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,通过对轴流泵全流道三维湍流数值模拟,求解了导叶出口处的速度场和压力场。分析了S=9mm,S=12mm,S=15mm 3种情况下,流量、扬程、功率和效率的关系,研究了轴流泵导叶进口边与叶轮叶片出口边的平行间距的变化对泵装置性能的影响。     

高强化柴油机进气流动特性研究

针对某高强化柴油机,运用发动机三维仿真软件converge建立模型,并通过柱坐标系下气门间隙环带的总速度和速度分量以及缸内不同截面下的速度分布规律,对切向进气道和螺旋进气道出口处的气体流动特性进行研究.研究发现:气流通过切向气道的速度整体略高于通过螺旋气道的速度,径向速度的变化趋势更贴近于总速度;在进气过程中,气门间隙...     

轴伸式贯流泵装置全流场三维湍流数值模拟

为探讨轴伸式贯流泵装置双向运行时的内部流动结构并进行性能预测,应用三维湍流Navier-Stokes、Realizable 两方程湍流模型、壁面函数法和滑移网格技术,进行泵装置双向运行时的全流场三维湍流数值模拟研究。计算所采用的模型贯流泵具有特定的S形叶片及正向运行时的后置弯曲导叶。研究结果揭示了贯流泵装置正、反向运行时的全流道速度等值线、静压等值线、出水流道断面矢量及出水流道的流线形状特征,探讨在泵装置实际安装条件下泵与流道的相互影响,进行泵装置性能的数值模拟预测,并与试验结果进行比较分析。数值模拟结果表明,泵段的出口流态及导叶对流道的流动结构有很大的影响,扩散形流道对流道进口流态反映敏感,无导叶的直形泵装置出口扩散流道内的流动为轴向旋涡、环形旋涡、轴向流动的叠加,数值模拟计算预测泵装置性能的方法是有效、可行的,能够满足工程需要。     

应用滑移网格技术分析多级离心泵的三维瞬态流动

运用滑移网格技术、三维非稳态Navier-Stokes方程和标准的k-e湍流模型对工业中常用的D型多级节段式离心泵进行了全三维瞬态流场的数值模拟,分析泵内叶轮与导叶间的动静干扰问题.滑移网格设置在多级离心泵叶轮出口与固定导叶入口之间的交互界面,对每个时间步求解流动方程.对任一个叶轮旋转周期内,分析叶轮径向力、静压等参数出现脉动信号频率与动、静叶片数的关系;分析静、动叶片间静压值沿周向的变化规律.该三维非稳态模拟结果可为多级离心泵的水力优化设计提供依据.     

Numerical modeling of internal flow in a fluidic oscillator

A numerical investigation of a fluidic oscillator was performed to understand the unsteady internal flow field and geometrical effects on the performance using three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Effects of the two geometrical parameters, i.e., the inlet width of the mixing chamber and outlet throat width, on peak jet velocity ratio at the exit and pressure drop through the oscillator, were evaluated. The unsteady simulation was performed using shear stress transport turbulence model with air as working fluid at Reynolds number 30000. Computational results showed good qualitative and quantitative agreements with available experimental results for the flow structure and frequency of the oscillating jet. Results of the parametric study suggested that the inlet width affected significantly the flow in the fluidic oscillator, while effects of the throat width on the performance parameters were not remarkable.     

罗茨鼓风机选型中风量和风压计算方法的探讨

针对污水处理厂罗茨鼓风机在使用状态与标准状态下,进口温度、压力等条件发生变化时,导致风机的性能也发生变化这种情况,探讨了设计选型时,鼓风机容积流量、出口压力等的确定方法,结合工程热力学原理及罗茨鼓风机的工作原理,推导了流量的计算公式,并通过实际工程中选型设计的计算范例,说明了计算公式的使用方法.     

来流附面层对吸附式压气机叶栅影响的数值研究

数值研究低速条件下来流附面层特性对吸附式压气机叶栅气动性能的影响,在不同正冲角时,设计不同方案的附面层厚度分布,对比分析叶栅出口气动参数的分布以及叶栅内的三维流场结构,讨论不同来流附面层情况下在压气机叶栅中采用附面层吸除的效果。结果表明,数值模拟结果与试验数据有较好的一致性;附面层厚度的增加导致角区流动三维性增强,且变冲角性能下降,二次流横向作用和角区范围的增加使得附面层抽吸效果减弱;当来流附面层厚度增加时,通过增加抽吸量可以有效降低强吸附式压气机叶栅的损失,变冲角性能得到改善。     

Unsteady flow simulations in a three-lobe positive displacement blower

To improve the performance of the positive displacement blower, it is imperative to understand the detailed internal flow characteristics or enable a visualization of flow status. However, the existing two-dimensional unsteady, three-dimensional steady or quasi-unsteady numerical simulation and theoretical analysis cannot provide the detailed flow information, which is unfavorable to improve the performance of positive displacement blower. Therefore, the unsteady flow characteristics in a three-lobe positive displacement blower are numerically investigated by solving the three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-e turbulent model. In the numerical simulation, the dynamic mesh technique and overset mesh updating method are adopted. Due to the air being compressed in the process of the rotors rotating, the variation of the temperature field in the positive displacement blower is considered. By comparing the experimental measurements and the numerical results on the variation of flow rate with the outlet pressure, the maximum relative error of the flow rate is less than 2.15% even at the maximum outlet pressure condition, which means that the calculation model and numerical computational method used are effective. The numerical results show that in the intake region, the fluctuations of the inlet flow are greatly affected by the direction of the velocity vectors. In the exhaust region, the temperature changes significantly, which leads to the increase of the airflow pulsation. Through analysis on the velocity, pressure and temperature fields obtained from the numerical simulations, three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics in the positive displacement blower are revealed. The studied results will provide useful reference for improving the performance and empirical correction in the design of the positive displacement blower.     

空化对低温浮动环密封流场和密封特性的影响

为探究典型工况下单相和两相空化流动的流场及密封特性,对考虑过渡段的低温浮动环密封进行数值仿真,对比分析转子面、密封间隙轴向及周向的压力分布特点,并探究单相和两相流动条件下进口压力、进口温度、转子偏心率以及转子转速对泄漏量、进口损失系数、密封力和偏位角的影响.研究结果表明:同心状态下,单相流和两相流的流场均具有对称性;偏...     

挖掘机多路阀回转联阀口流场仿真分析

针对挖掘机多路阀回转联阀口部位采用CFD仿真的方法对阀口流道进行数值模拟。在Fluent软件中采用基于压力基求解模型、绝对速度公式方法和Realizable κ-ε湍流模型对多路阀回转联阀口流场进行稳态数值模拟,分析不同阀口开度、入口速度和出口负载下的速度和压力仿真云图,得到具体影响效果,并进行了相关的试验。结果表明:阀口开度的改变会显著影响阀口处流体的速度场和压力场的分布,阀口对流体具有节流作用,阀口开度越小节流作用越大;入口速度的变化对流体的速度场和压力场的分布影响不大,但是会明显影响流体的速度, 而对于压力大小的影响较弱;在 Fluent 仿真软件中,当设定边界条件为速度入口和压力出口时,对于出口压力,只改变压力的大小,对压力场分布基本不产生影响,最后通过试验验证了仿真的正确性。     

进风口曲线形状对电壁炉用贯流风机性能的影响

研究了电壁炉用贯流风机的流场。数值比较了不同进风口曲线(直线、圆弧和折线)下贯流风机的压力场、速度场和流线分布,并对风机出风口处的仿真速度和实验速度进行了比较,证明了计算流体力学(Computational F lu id Dynam ics,CFD)方法对贯流风机数值仿真的正确性,并得到不同收敛精度下进风口曲线形状对风机性能的影响,为电壁炉用贯流风机优化设计奠定了基础。     

反旋流对密封静力与动力特性影响的理论与试验研究

设计加工无/有反旋流共4种密封结构,从理论与实验两个方面研究反旋流对密封静力与动力特性的影响规律。建立反旋流密封静力特性CFD模型,理论分析反旋流对密封间隙流体切向速度、周向压力分布以及泄漏特性的影响;设计搭建反旋流密封动力特性试验台,试验测试无/有反旋流密封的泄漏特性,应用不平衡同频激励法试验研究反旋流对密封动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:反旋流可减小密封间隙流体的切向速度,进而降低密封间隙流体的周向压力差,且密封间隙流体周向压差随切向速度的减小而降低,这是反旋流抑制密封气流激振力的主要原因;密封的泄漏量随进出口压比的增加而增大,两者近似呈线性关系;与无反旋流密封相比,反旋流密封增加了密封的泄漏量,且随着进出口压比的增加,两者泄漏量差异增大;密封的动力特性系数的随密封进出口压比与转速的增加而增大。在相同工况下,主刚度大于交叉刚度约一个数量级,主阻尼与交叉阻尼数量级相同,且主阻尼大于交叉阻尼;反旋流可有效降低密封的等效刚度,增加密封的等效阻尼,提高密封的稳定性。     

锂电池极片干燥箱风刀内流特性的试验与数值模拟对比研究

为获得锂电池极片干燥箱中所用风刀的均流特性与阻力特性及验证数值模拟结果的正确性,依据几何相似,使用有机玻璃材质,制作与数值仿真模型相同结构尺寸的风刀性能试验箱体。采用与数值模拟一致的进口流量和出口压力为边界条件,实现运动相似。通过对不同流量下进出口压差的测量,得出风刀的阻力特性;利用热线风速仪沿风刀出口逐点测取风速值,求得风刀对空气的均流特性。试验结论与数值模拟结果具有较好的一致性：在同样整体尺寸和运行工况下,带有底部筛板及内胆的风刀阻力较小,进出口压差在33～524 Pa,其均流性最好,出口气流均匀性在95%以上;带有顶部出风圆孔且无内胆的风刀阻力最小,进出口压差在24～354 Pa,其均流性最差,出口气流均匀性为80.4%,达不到使用要求;无底部筛板和内胆且出风口狭小的风刀阻力最大,进出口压差在203～3 234 Pa,达不到减阻要求,其均流性较好,出口气流均匀性为91.1%。探讨风刀均流作用与压力损失之间的内在联系,提出在实际生产中风刀形式的选择与调整原则。     

船用吹除阀的优化设计与数值研究

基于CFD技术,以静压进口和静压出口作为边界条件,采用标准k-ε湍流模型对8种不同阀芯结构和进口流道形状的船用吹除阀内部流动特性进行数值研究。研究结果表明,阀芯结构对质量流量的影响较小,影响偏差值为0.18kg/s;进口流道形状对质量流量影响较大,影响偏差值为1.41kg/s。阀芯结构对内部流动影响较小,进口形状对内部流动具有较大影响,锥管进口的速度变化梯度高于直管进口,锥管进口涡的强度大于直管进口。船用吹除阀设计时,建议采用Rt=2mm的弧形阀芯和直管进口形式.     

The characteristics investigation under the unsteady cavitation condition in a centrifugal pump

Numerical simulation and experimental method are combined to investigate the pump inlet and outlet pressure fluctuations, the vibration characteristics and the internal flow instabilities under the unsteady cavitation condition in a centrifugal pump. It is found that the unsteady cavitation starts to generate as the NPSHa is lower than 5.93 m. Apparent asymmetric and uneven cavity volume distribution on each blade and in the impeller can be observed as the NPSHa decreases from 4.39 m to 1.44 m, which includes the cavitation develops from cavitation surge, rotating cavitation to asymmetric cavitation. The flow vortexes in each blade channel are produced in the cavity trailing edges by the shedding and collapse of cavitation, which interfere with each other and aggravate the flow instabilities. The dominant frequencies of the pump inlet and outlet pressure fluctuations are the shaft frequency and blade passing frequency under the unsteady cavitation conditions, respectively. Broadband pulses are obtained from both the pump inlet and outlet pressure pulsations, which results from the random shedding and collapse of unsteady cavitation bubbles. Obvious corresponding relationship between the root mean squares of the vibration measured in different positions and the suction performance curve is found under both the non-cavitation and unsteady cavitation conditions.

     

Numerical simulation and analysis of flow characteristics in the front chamber of a centrifugal pump

We performed numerical simulations to study the flow characteristic in a centrifugal pump based on the RANS equations and the RNG k-ε turbulent model. The flow field, including the front and back pump chambers, the impeller wear-ring, the impeller passage, the volute casing, the inlet section and outlet section was calculated to obtain accurate numerical results of fluid flow in a centrifugal pump. The flow characteristic was studied from the internal flow structure in pump chambers, the radial velocity at impeller outlet as well as the pressure inside of the pump, the circumferential velocity and the radial velocity in front pump chamber. The variation of flow parameters in internal flow versus flow rate in the centrifugal pump was analyzed. The results show that the overall performance of the pump is in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulation results show that the distribution of flow field in the front pump chamber is axial asymmetry. The energy dissipation at the impeller outlet is larger than other areas. The distribution of the circumferential velocity and that of radial velocity are similar along the axial direction in the front pump chamber, but the distribution of flow is different along the circumferential and the radial directions. It was also found that the vorticity is large at the impeller inlet compared with other areas.     

双流道泵内非定常流动数值模拟及粒子图像测速测量

为探讨双流道泵内部的非定常流动机理,采用Fluent软件,基于滑移网格技术、 湍流模型计算了一双流道泵在不同工况下的内部流动,并将计算结果与粒子图像测速仪(Particle image velocimeter, PIV)实测结果进行比较。结果表明：计算所得双流道泵内部流场符合叶轮机械内部流动的一般规律,且与PIV实测结果总体变化趋势一致;由于双流道泵结构特殊,其进口处的流动状态与普通叶轮相差较大,出口处的流动状态与普通叶轮类似;叶轮进口处,流体基本沿流道吸力面流动,流道工作面上的相对速度很小,存在严重的脱流和旋涡;叶轮出口处,压力面和吸力面的速度趋于相等,射流—尾迹现象并不明显;由于叶轮—蜗壳动静干涉,两个叶轮流道内的静压分布有所不同;同一流道内,静压随着半径的增加而逐步增大,压力面侧静压大于吸力面侧;蜗壳流道内静压随半径增大,最大静压值在隔舌处。此项研究不仅加深了人们对双流道泵内非定常流动图画的理解,从而进一步完善双流道泵设计方法,同时也可为其他类型泵的内流研究提供借鉴。     

带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮内部流场的PIV测量与数值模拟

用PIV技术和工程上广泛应用的k-ε标准两方程模型,对不同工况带分流叶片的离心式水泵叶轮内部流场进行了测量和计算模拟。通过试验测试和模拟计算,获得了不同工况下叶轮内的流速分布规律,揭示了叶轮内流动的非对称性、长叶片吸力面进口附近有回流、各种工况下分流叶片前缘入口稍后吸力侧均存在一个高流速区、分流叶片改善出口速度分布、随着流量增加叶轮内相对速度的大小增大明显等对带分流叶片离心泵性能有直接影响的多种流动现象。