基于ANSYS的轮轨摩擦滑动接触应力分析

以Hertz接触理论为依据,利用ANSYS建立2D有限元计算模型,模拟原地打滑、完全制动等轮轨滑动摩擦接触行为。分析了轮轨静接触和滑动接触时接触应力分布情况,研究了接触状态、轴重、滑动速度、载荷类型和钢轨轨顶圆半径对接触应力的影响。结合Hertz接触理论计算结果、剥离损伤理论和自激振动理论进行了轮轨损伤分析。     

The influence of contact geometry on friction and wear characteristics

This paper describes some results of evaluating the influence of contact geometry on tribological characteristics. Friction characteristics obtained for a distributed contact (pin‐on‐disc and block‐on‐ring), a linear concentrated contact (pin and vee‐block and block‐on‐ring) and a point concentrated contact (ball‐on‐disc and three cylinder‐cone) are presented. The wear scars were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results show different values of friction and wear coefficients for the different types of contact geometry. The paper also assesses the effect of non‐test characteristics, e. g., vibration.     

A new calibration method of the lateral contact stiffness and lateral force using modulated lateral force microscopy

We describe a new calibration method for lateral contact stiffness using modulated lateral force microscopy, a technique that offers some advantages with respect to the more classical friction force microscopy currently used for characterizing the friction properties of materials. The calibration method is based on the study of the lateral contact stiffness versus applied load and on the use of elasticity contact theories to determine by fit the calibration coefficient, allowing the scaling of experimental data. The method is tested by measuring the friction coefficient and shear strength of silicon and mica samples, respectively, and compared with results from the literature. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

齿面摩擦和啮合刚度对双渐开线齿轮传动动态特性的影响研究

针对双渐开线齿轮传动动态特性问题,通过建立双渐开线齿轮的有限元模型,综合考虑齿面摩擦与齿轮啮合刚度二因素,对双渐开线齿轮传动系统进行了有限元模态分析,运用响应曲面法研究了齿面摩擦与齿轮啮合刚度对双渐开线齿轮振动变形和模态频率的影响;选取不同模态阶数对双渐开线齿轮传动系统进行了动态特性研究,分析了不同模态阶数下双渐开线齿轮的振动变形与模态频率变化状况。研究结果表明,随着齿面摩擦因数与齿轮啮合刚度的增加,不同模态阶数下双渐开线齿轮传动系统各阶振动变形与模态频率均显著增加,齿面摩擦与齿轮啮合刚度对双渐开线齿轮传动动态特性有一定影响,在对齿轮传动系统进行动态特性研究时,必须对齿面摩擦与齿轮啮合刚度进行充分考虑。     

结合面法向和切向接触刚度的MPSO-BP神经网络算法的建模

提出一种基于改进的粒子群和BP神经网络相结合的算法模型,用改进粒子群优化算法优化BP神经网络参数。以机械结合面法向接触刚度和切向接触刚度作为算例。考虑结合面配对副材料、接触载荷、表面加工方法、表面粗糙度和结合面间的介质作为主要因素,对8组结合面法向和切向接触刚度进行预测建模,并对仿真与实验结果进行比较与误差分析。结果表明,该方法实现了多种影响因素组合下的机械结合面法向和切向接触刚度较高精度的建模和预测。     

Elastoplastic finite element analyses of an upsetting-sliding test for the determination of friction at medium and high contact pressure

The upsetting-sliding test is a friction test employed for the determination of the tangential stress-contact pressure relationship at a specimen-tool or target part-contactor contact surface. It is used in addition to the analysis of forming sequences or mechanical design. The specimen, or target part, used in the test is the same that the one involved in the studied forming sequence so that the physical and chemical characteristics of the contact involved by the test and sequence are the same. In the test, the contact pressure is exerted by an inclined front surface indenter which takes the place of the tool or the contactor. Then, the indenter is moved in contact with the generator line surface of the specimen or the target part. The computation of the tangential stress, contact pressure and effective plastic strain firstly with respect to the penetration, sizing length and front face angle and, secondly, with respect to the frictional variations are performed with a three-dimensional finite element model. An initial guide for the determination of the indenter length and front angle and indenter penetration in the specimen is proposed in order to define the most realistic tangential stress-contact pressure curves.     

Modeling the effect of skewness and kurtosis on the static friction coefficient of rough surfaces

Engineering surfaces possess roughnesses that exhibit asymmetrical height distributions. However, the Gaussian distribution is most often used to characterize the topography of surfaces, and is also used in models to predict contact and friction parameters. In this paper, the effects of kurtosis and skewness on different levels of surface roughness are investigated independently. This is accomplished by adopting the Pearson system of frequency curves and used in conjunction with a static friction model for rough surfaces to calculate the friction force and friction coefficient. This study is the first attempt to independently model the effect of kurtosis and skewness on the static friction and friction coefficient. It is predicted that surfaces with high kurtosis and positive skewness exhibit lower static friction coefficient compared to the Gaussian case. More importantly, it is predicted that, for high kurtosis values, the static friction coefficient decreases with decreasing external force rather than increasing as seen with increasing skewness. This is a very promising result for applications involving smooth lightly loaded contacts such as magnetic storage devices and microelectromechanical systems. The practical significance of the present model is specifically demonstrated on static friction predictions in magnetic storage head–disk interfaces. Such predictions can be used to determine the optimal characteristics of such devices prior to fabrication to achieve lower friction in terms of surface roughness, mechanical properties, apparent contact area, and operational environment.     

Static friction of litchi stalk/clamp head contact: comparing material,clamp texture and stalk diameter

Abstract

The static friction characteristic was investigated in the case of litchi picker’s clamp heads made of PVC plastic, silicone and rubber, carved with textures of circular, sawtooth, plain and grid, when in contact with litchi stalks. An experimental device was developed and used to measure the static coefficient of friction between a flat surface and cylinder. Clamp heads made of rubber were found to have the biggest static coefficient of friction, and clamp heads made of PVC plastic were found to have the smallest static coefficient of friction. Clamp heads carved with circular texture were found to have the biggest static coefficient of friction, and clamp heads carved with grid texture were found to have the smallest static coefficient of friction. And for specimens of different sizes, the bigger the diameter, the bigger the static coefficient of friction. Results suggest that the best clamp heads for a litchi picker are made of rubber, carved with circular texture, and a bigger clamping force is required to pick smaller stalks.     

基于成对双联角接触球轴承的摩擦力矩特性分析

对影响成对双联角接触球轴承精度和平稳度的摩擦力矩特性进行了分析研究.依据研究目的要求主要采用了试验验证和计算验证结合的试验方法.首先建立了特种轴承试验台系统.然后对成对双联角接触球轴承做了工况模拟和运转状态检测.从而得出了成对双联角接触球轴承变转速,变转向,变轴向载荷,变预紧力下的摩擦力矩曲线的大小和轴承曲线波纹度.进...     

多股螺旋弹簧三维接触摩擦研究

通过对多股螺旋弹簧在成形加载情况下的接触面上的状态分布进行深入分析,综合前人的研究,提出新型多股螺旋弹簧接触面模型,即包括空隙带、弹性带、摩擦带三种情形的分布模型.接着对这三种分布带的边界条件和接触判定条件在法向-双切线坐标系进行理论量化分析.     

The method of assessment of the of friction contact fatigue parameters of technological ceramics and crystals

Two formulas were derived earlier using the theory of wear of I.V. Kraguelskii to calculate the wear resistance of friction pairs. To use them it was necessary to determine the friction contact fatigue parameters. The present paper deals with the method of experimental calculated assessment of these parameters and the results of its validation using wear resistant nanostructured alloyed zirconium dioxide crystals and engineering ceramics.     

Calculating frictional force with considering material microstructure and potential on contact surfaces

A method based on the energy dissipation mechanism of an Independent Oscillator model is used to calculate the frictional force and the friction coefficient of interfacial friction. The friction work is calculated with considering the potential change of contact surfaces during sliding. The potential change can be gained by a universal adhesive energy function. The relationships between frictional force and parameters of a tribo-system, such as surface energy and microstructure of interfacial material, are set up. The calculation results of the known experimental data denote that the frictional force is nearly proportional to the surface energy of the material, nearly inversely proportional to the scaling length, and independent of the lattice constant. The results agree with that of adhesion friction equations. They also agree with the experimental results performed with an atomic-force microscope under the ultra high vacuum condition. __________ Translated from Tribology, 2006, 26(2): 159–162 [译自: 摩擦学学报]     

基于接触应力及润滑特性分析的配气凸轮基圆半径计算

平底配气凸轮机构凸轮基圆半径的选择将直接影响凸轮机构的结构尺寸、接触应力和润滑性能。利用赫兹应力公式对平底配气凸轮机构接触应力进行分析,利用弹性流体润滑理论对其进行弹性流体动力润滑分析,得到了基圆半径与接触应力和润滑系数间的关系。结果表明：增大凸轮基圆半径可以降低凸轮接触应力,但却不一定能改善凸轮润滑情况;对于给定从动件运动规律的平底配气凸轮机构,利用赫兹应力公式和弹性流体润滑理论同时对基圆半径的取值范围进行约束,才能使配气凸轮同时满足接触应力和润滑要求,从而保证配气机构的可靠性和耐久性。     

Analysis of the mutual influence of contact spots in sliding of the periodic system of asperities on a viscoelastic base of the winkler type

The dependence of the contact characteristics and sliding friction coefficient on the density of the arrangement of contact spots is studied. To this end, the periodic contact problem of a system of asperities sliding on a viscoelastic base is considered. The main mechanism of the mutual effect of contact spots in the model in question manifests itself in the incomplete restoration of deformation on the free surface, with fairly dense arrangement of spots due to the imperfect elasticity of the base. The dependence is obtained of the friction coefficient on the spacing between asperities at various levels of effective loads and sliding velocities.     

The repeatability of friction and wear results obtained from unlubricated reciprocating sliding tests

Laboratory tests can help in the analysis of tribological failures of elements, and improve tribo‐systems by choosing appropriate materials. In order to characterise the friction and wear behaviour of candidate materials, various different test methods have been developed in the past and are still in use. One such method is the reciprocating sliding of a ball against a disc. In the work reported here, the repeatability of friction and wear results was evaluated with ten tests under identical conditions with a steel (100Cr6) or alumina (Al₂O₃) ball against a steel (100Cr6) disc under unlubricated conditions at room temperature. The influence of ambient humidity on friction and wear behaviour was determined in three additional tests in dry and in moist air, respectively. The repeatability of friction coefficient in normal air was better than 5% for alumina/100Cr6 and 12% for 100Cr6/100Cr6, while the repeatability of volumetric wear was slightly better than 10% for alumina/steel, and slightly worse than 10% for steel/steel. For both couples the coefficient of friction is lowest in moist air and about 50% higher in dry air. The coefficient of wear is also least in moist air and higher by a factor of 3(5) in dry air for tests with a 100Cr6 (alumina) ball.     

超高速角接触陶瓷球轴承球径对性能的影响规律及其参数优化

建立了超高速角接触混合陶瓷球轴承计算模型,同时给出了旋滚比及轴向刚度的计算公式.根据高速角接触球轴承球径的约束条件,分析了在不同转速及轴向栽荷的情况下,球径对于接触栽荷、接触应力、旋滚比及轴向刚度等性能参数的影响.通过以上性能参数随球径变化的规律,结合球径取值为离散量的特点,提出了球径的优化设计方法.