An optimal GTS scheduling algorithm for time-sensitive transactions in IEEE 802.15.4 networks

IEEE 802.15.4 is a new enabling standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks and has been widely accepted as a de facto standard for wireless sensor networking. While primary motivations behind 802.15.4 are low power and low cost wireless communications, the standard also supports time and rate sensitive applications because of its ability to operate in TDMA access modes. The TDMA mode of operation is supported via the Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) feature of the standard. In a beacon-enabled network topology, the Personal Area Network (PAN) coordinator reserves and assigns the GTS to applications on a first-come-first-served (FCFS) basis in response to requests from wireless sensor nodes. This fixed FCFS scheduling service offered by the standard may not satisfy the time constraints of time-sensitive transactions with delay deadlines. Such operating scenarios often arise in wireless video surveillance and target detection applications running on sensor networks. In this paper, we design an optimal work-conserving scheduling algorithm for meeting the delay constraints of time-sensitive transactions and show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing scheduling model specified in IEEE 802.15.4.     

基于IEEE 8021.54.的工业无线网实时性改进方法

在面向工业自动化的无线传感网络应用中,实时性是一个非常重要的议题。而在诸多标准当中,IEEE802.15.4在工业无线传感网中有巨大的发展潜力。本文分析了现有的IEEE802.15.4的保证时隙(GTS)在工业应用中实时性方面存在的不足,结合工业应用各类业务的需求,对GTS的调度方法、发布方法进行了相应的改进。     

Time delay characteristic of industrial wireless networks based on IEEE 802.15.4a

The IEEE 802.15.4a standard provides a framework for low-data-rate communication systems, typically sensor networks. In this paper, we established a realistic environment for the time delay characteristic of industrial network based on IEEE 802.15.4a. Several sets of practical experiments are conducted to study its various features, including the effects of 1) numeral wireless nodes, 2) numeral data packets, 3) data transmissions with different upper-layer protocols, 4) physical distance between nodes, and 5) adding and reducing the number of the wireless nodes. The results show that IEEE 802.15.4a is suitable for some industrial applications that have more relaxed throughput requirements and time-delay. Some issues that could degrade the network performance are also discussed.     

IEEE 802.15.4区分服务协议性能分析与建模

针对IEEE 802.15.4协议的无线传感网络不能提供数据流优先级区分的问题,提出一种基于区分服务的马尔可夫链模型以支持实时多媒体应用。该机制的主要思想是根据服务质量要求（时延敏感与否）为不同的数据流分配不同的优先级。不同优先级的数据采用不同的增长因子来更好地减少冲突。此外,为了弥补低优先级数据流,高优先级的数据流在第二次空闲信道评估发现信道空闲时并不立即接入信道而是以一定的概率竞争信道。数学分析表明,对不同数据流设置合理的增长因子和竞争概率能够显著提高高优先级数据流的性能并对低优先级数据影响较少。     

基于IEEE 802.15.4标准技术的无线远程自动监测传感器网络的设计与实现

首先介绍了IEEE 802．15．4/ZigBee标准协议,然后讨论了无线传感器网络的软件与硬件设计原则,进而给出了基于IEEE 802．15．4/ZigBee技术的无线远程自动监测传感器网络的设计实现方案,最后展望了无线传感器网络的发展前景。     

多节点共享保障时隙分配策略

在现代工业无线网络中,IEEE 802.15.4标准以其独特的低功耗、低成本特点被广泛应用。IEEE 802.15.4可以提供最低0.006%的占空比,最大限度降低功耗,同时提供的保障时隙GTS机制为节点提供了实时服务保障。然而,在为大规模节点提供保障时,IEEE 802.15.4提供的GTS机制缺乏灵活性,只能为有限节点提供实时保障服务。本文针对这一问题提出一种多节点共享保障时隙分配策略,允许多个数据流在满足延迟需求前提下,共享同一个GTS减少带宽浪费。分析表明,多节点共享的保障时隙分配策略与普通分配方法相比,可有效提高带宽利用率。     

An efficient bandwidth allocation algorithm for real-time VBR stream transmission under IEEE 802.16 wireless networks

This paper investigates variable rate control strategies for real-time multimedia variable bit rate (VBR) services over IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless networks. A data rate control mechanism is derived for the case where the uplink channel provides real-time services and the traffic rate parameter remains constant. This paper shows that the common queuing scheduling algorithms have some bandwidth allocation fairness problems for the real-time polling service (rtPS) in the MAC layer. In other words, the use of a VBR for the rtPS by a WiMAX system results in additional access latency jitter and bandwidth allocation disorder in the transmitted multimedia streams during the regular time interval polling of subscribe stations (SSs) for the contention bandwidth request period. However, the proposed scheduling algorithm solves these SSs contending with bandwidth resource allocation problems based on an extended rtPS (ertPS) of quality-of-service (QoS) pre-programming for a ranging response non-contention polling period. The adopted bandwidth allocation of max–min fairness queue scheduling uses a time constraint condition to transmit real-time multimedia VBR streaming in an IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless environment. In addition, we use the ns-2 simulation tool to compare the capacity of multimedia VBR stream and show that the proposed ertPS scheduling algorithm outperforms other rtPS scheduling algorithms.     

Reliable beacon transmission based MAC protocol for LR-WPANs over WLAN interferences

The use of IEEE 802.15.4 standard based application systems has been rapidly increasing, for example, in medical services, sensor networks, public safety systems, and home automation systems. However, issues arise from the fact that IEEE 802.15.4 standard based low rate wireless personal area networks （LR-WPANs） use the same frequency bands as wireless local area networks （WLANs）, and they interfere with each other. Based on past research on this issue, the interference has a more serious impact on LR-WPANs＇ performance than on WLANs＇ performance. In this paper we propose a method to improve LR-WPANs＇ performance while coexisting with WLANs, which is called the reliable beacon transmission based medium access control （MAC） protocol. Since the reliability of a beacon frame is important, in this method, only the beacon frame is transmitted in interference-free channels, and the data packets are transmitted in interfered channels instead of abandoning the channels altogether. This method increases the reliability of beacon frames as well as overall channel utilizations. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated through extensive simulations, and this paper proves that this method improves the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless sensor networks （WSNs） over WLANs＇ interferences.     

基于无线传感器网络的煤矿顶板压力监测系统

设计了煤矿顶板压力监测系统,采用无线传感网络的节点作为顶板压力数据采集的终端,采集顶板的压力变化数据。各节点采用基于IEEE802.15.4和ZigBee协议栈的无线方式将数据传送到汇聚节点,汇聚节点采用有线通信方式将采集到的数据通过USB传输接口传输至地面的管理监控站,实现对矿井顶板压力数据的实时监控。     

ZigBee无线网络技术在桥梁监测系统中的应用设计

通过对桥梁无线监测系统的分析,在研究ZigBee的IEEE802.15.4标准通信协议的基础上,提出了基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的桥梁监测系统架构,设计了桥梁无线网络监测系统数据采集与传输的软硬件,实现了监测信号的获取和无线传输。     

A cross-layer solution for enabling real-time video transmission over IEEE 802.15.4 networks

Over the last few years, the research community has devoted great attention to video transmission on wireless sensor networks, and in particular to their recent evolution, the one based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. This cost-efficient wireless technology is aimed at transmitting information at low rates and short distances. Extending the use of this technology for intensive bandwidth applications is a challenge that offers the opportunity to support value-added services. This paper deals with this issue and evaluates, by analysis and computer simulation as well as by developing a first prototype, the feasibility of transmitting MPEG-4 video information over an IEEE 802.15.4 network. The study of power-consumption is also considered and so are the Quality of Service parameters together with the human quality perception of the received video streaming. A detailed cross-layer solution is offered, and the results obtained are presented and discussed.     

IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee协议的MAC层节点能耗分析与研究

能耗是无线传感网络性能的重要参数之一,针对无线传感网络WSNs特点,对无线传感网络的ZigBee技术标准傲了分析研究.围绕网络低功耗运行,从MAC层协议方面研究了无线传感网络的睡眠节能机制,讨论了IEEE802.15.4在低功耗、低数据速率的无线连接领域应用的可行性.     

基于IEEE802．15．4a的无线测控网络协议

为满足工业现场测控任务对网络通信实时性的要求,提出一种基于IEEE80215．4a的无线测控网络协议,其中的令牌控制子层采用令牌机制管理各站点对无线信道的访问,克服了CSMA／CA机制无序竞争的缺陷,保证数据传输的时间确定性,介绍协议栈模型、逻辑令牌环动态建立过程以及令牌故障的自恢复机制,并在硬件平台NanoNET上加以实现。实验结果表明,该协议能够在强电磁干扰环境中稳定运行,具备实时特性。     

An Adaptive GTS Allocation Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.15.4 is a new standard uniquely designed for low-rate wireless personal area networks. It targets ultralow complexity, cost, and power for low-rate wireless connectivity among inexpensive, portable, and moving devices. IEEE 802.15.4 provides a guaranteed time slot (GTS) mechanism to allocate a specific duration within a superframe for time-critical transmissions. This paper proposes an adaptive GTS allocation (AGA) scheme for IEEE 802.15.4, which considers low latency and fairness. The scheme is designed based on the existing IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control protocol, and IEEE 802.15.4 devices can receive this AGA service without any modification. A simulation model and an analytical model are developed to investigate the performance of our AGA scheme. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the existing IEEE 802.15.4 implementation.     

Uncoordinated coexisting IEEE 802.15.4 networks for machine to machine communications

IEEE 802.15.4 standard has been proposed for low power wireless personal area networks. It can be used as an important component in machine to machine (M2M) networks for data collection, monitoring and controlling functions. With an increasing number of machine devices enabled by M2M technology and equipped with 802.15.4 radios, it is likely that multiple 802.15.4 networks may be deployed closely, for example, to collect data for smart metering at residential or enterprise areas. In such scenarios, supporting reliable communications for monitoring and controlling applications is a big challenge. The problem becomes more severe due to the potential hidden terminals when the operations of multiple 802.15.4 networks are uncoordinated. In this paper, we investigate this problem from three typical scenarios and propose an analytic model to reveal how performance of coexisting 802.15.4 networks may be affected by uncoordinated operations under these scenarios. Simulations will be used to validate the analytic model. It is observed that uncoordinated operations may lead to a significant degradation of system performance in M2M applications. With the proposed analytic model, we also investigate the performance limits of the 802.15.4 networks, and the conditions under which coordinated operations may be required to support M2M applications.     

基于ZigBee无线网络技术的矿井监测系统设计

在研究ZigBee的IEEE802.15.4标准通信协议的基础上,提出了基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的矿井监测系统架构,主要介绍了对煤矿井下温度、湿度和瓦斯气体浓度监测的全新的无线传感器网络的体系设计及无线网络监测系统数据采集与传输的软硬件,实现了监测信号的获取和无线传输。这一设计方案解决了大量监测点的无线组网,在矿井监测系统中得到成功应用。     

应用于天然气管网安全监测的无线传感器网络节点设计与实现

利用无线传感器网络技术可对城市天然气管网安全进行在线、实时监测.结合具体应用需求和特点,设计了一种支持IEEE802.15.4和ZigBee协议的新型无线传感器网络节点.利用该节点,可以识别施工或其它外力对天然气管道的撞击破坏,检测管道附近泄漏的天然气浓度及异常温度等不安全因素.在集成微处理器和射频收发模块的"片上系统"芯片的基础上,实现了射频通信、数据采集和电源等模块的硬件电路设计,给出了节点间组网及数据传输的软件机制.实验结果表明,该节点具有功耗低、通信可靠等特点,可满足天然气管道安全监测的实际需要.     

IEEE 802.15.4簇树网络实时通信中的冲突避免

无线簇树网络可以支持实时、确定的通信活动,但由于实际应用中的设备间位置关系,会产生簇间通信冲突,从而影响系统的实时性能。基于IEEE 802.15.4标准,本文系统地研究簇树网络中实时通信的冲突问题,提出避免簇间超帧冲突的算法。具体实例分析表明,该算法可以解决无线簇树网络实时通信中的冲突,并可以提高整个网络的通信性能。     

IEEE 802.15.4协议在矿井无线传感器网络中的改进应用

综合分析了无线传感器网络在煤矿井下的研究发展现状,对无线传感器网络在井下应用的关键问题作了探讨.搭建了无线传感器网络性能分析平台,设计了3种典型的带状井下无线传感器网络仿真场景.仿真结果证明了改进的有效性与必要性.     

基于IEEE802.15.4标准的无线传感器网络

设计实现了一种基于IEEE 802.15.4标准的无线传感器网络,传感器对周围的环境进行监测,内嵌的单片机对数据进行处理,通过基于IEEE 802.15.4标准的无线模块进行无线传输,构成一个无线传感器网络.对无线传感器的结构设计和无线传输网络的具体实现过程进行了阐述,最后,给出了实验数据,并进行了分析.