冷轧板形平坦度计算方法

 冷连轧生产线多配备有1套或2套板形仪,用于板形的实时反馈控制以及板形质量的监测,各处所用板形仪的规格不尽相同。板形平坦度指标是表征冷轧带钢板形质量的重要参数,由板形控制系统根据板形仪检测结果自动提供,一般以IU(I-Unit)表示。为了更准确地表征带钢板形质量,分析了某冷轧常用板形控制系统中带钢平坦度的计算方法,并考虑板形仪传感器分布不均会对其平坦度计算结果造成的影响,在此基础上提出了利用线性插值构造间距均匀的横向伸长率分布模型的方法,对平坦度计算过程进行了修正,并以实际板形数据进行检验,结果表明修正后的板形平坦度计算方法不再依赖于板形仪传感器的布置方案,使得具有不同板形仪的冷轧生产线的板形质量更具可比性。     

板带轧制板形最佳规程的设定计算及应用

板形控制的发展史：人工控制压下量分配 计算机实现人工经验的变规程轧制 CVC、PC等板形控制装备的发明及应用 解析板形理论的建立并已在中厚板轧机上应用。板形控制的难度在于现代板形理论缺轧件参数,由分析方法推导出轧件板形刚度参数计算公式,使板形理论完备化。解析板形理论消除了板形和板厚控制上的矛盾,可实现板形板厚协调控制,由在线动态压下量分配方法实现板形的向量控制。     

热连轧动态设定型板形板厚控制方法的应用探讨

板形理论在未突破的情况下,由板形控制装备提高了板形质量,但外因不能从根本上解决问题。新发现的板形板厚协调规律,可用动态负荷分配方法解决板形技术问题,减少板形技术和装备的引进,实现热连轧板形技术的国产化。     

马钢CSP板形控制技术

介绍了板形的基本概念和实现良好板形控制的策略,针对马钢CSP热轧机组板形控制系统中的板形控制策略和及相关板形控制模型进行了分析,同时给出了马钢CSP板形设定计算和控制的流程,对于提高马钢CSP的板形控制水平具有一定指导意义。     

冷轧带钢板形控制机理智能协同调控模型

 为了提高板形调控效率和控制精度,基于板形控制矩阵和DE-ELM神经网络,建立了冷轧带钢板形控制机理-智能协同调控模型。首先,根据带钢金属模型和辊系弹性模型建立板形控制的机理仿真模型,构建静态板形控制矩阵;同时利用DE-ELM神经网络形成动态板形控制矩阵,并利用加权方法协调板形控制矩阵的影响度,提高板形控制稳定性和精度。实例表明,机理智能协同调控模型能够更快速获得有效板形控制系数,有助于提高冷轧带钢板形调控效率,使不良板形快速调整至良好状态。     

UCMW冷连轧机板形闭环控制模型优化研究

为充分发挥轧机现有的板形控制能力,提高产品的实物板形质量,针对某1550UCMW冷连轧机板形闭环控制模型的缺点,建立板形闭环控制仿真模型,选取四种典型的板形缺陷模态对原模型进行了优化。仿真结果表明,优化后的板形控制模型控制迭代次数少,并明显地增S强了板形调控能力,尤其是对高次板形的调控能力。     

铝合金热连轧板形控制策略

本文对铝合金板带热连轧板形控制进行分析,介绍了板形的概念,板带材凸度的影响因素及控制机构,热轧板带凸度及板形控制数学模型,热连轧板形控制策略和板形控制实践。     

基于模糊评判规则的冷轧带钢智能板形评价模型

 针对板形评价指标单一的问题,基于模糊综合评判规则,建立了冷轧带钢的在线板形智能评价模型。首先,利用勒让德多项式的最小二乘法实时识别和统计在线带钢的宏观板形信息及1、2、3、4次板形分量,然后在传统板形分档定级方法的基础上,建立板形模糊评判规则,并对某1 050 mm六辊冷轧机在线带钢的板形信息进行了综合评价。在线板形的综合评价结果可为板形闭环控制模型提供重要的定量板形信息,有利于提高板形调控效果和指导轧制工艺。     

板形控制原理在宽板轧制中的应用

本文就宽板轧制过程中出现的各种板形,分析其产生原因的应力分布,以及板形与应力的关系,提出了获得良好板形的条件,阐明了板形控制的弹性协调关系以及有关板形计算,并应用于宽板成品轧制时的板形计算。对宽板轧制的板形控制具有很好的指导意义。     

虚拟板形仪的设计及相应板形闭环控制系统的开发

针对部分轧机由于出口没有配置实物板形仪、无法实现板形的可视化显示与闭环控制、造成轧机出口板形质量较差、不能满足用户需求的问题,充分利用轧机的基本数据采集系统与板形计算模型,从板形动态显示功能、板形闭环控制功能以及板形预报功能的开发等3方面入手,提出了一套虚拟板形仪设计技术,开发出了相应的板形分析与闭环控制系统。在不增加硬件投资、不配置实体板形仪的前提下,不但实现了板形的动态可视化显示与闭环控制,而且还能实现板形在线预报功能,有效地提高了轧机的出口板形质量。此技术已经被推广应用到某钢厂1220四辊双机架平整机组,效果良好,为企业创造了较大的经济效益。     

银含量对方铅矿浮选的影响及其机理研究进展

为了阐明银含量对方铅矿浮选的影响,提高含银方铅矿中伴生银的综合回收效率,通过全面梳理前人研究成果,对含银方铅矿的资源状况、工艺流程和药剂制度进行了总结。首先,从不同维度和层面（从试验到模拟、从宏观到微观）综述了银含量对方铅矿的影响,其中包括银含量对方铅矿浮选行为及表面接触角的影响。然后,评述了前人利用红外光谱、微热动力学、电化学和量子化学等分析方法开展的有关银含量对方铅矿浮选行为影响机理的研究进展,上述分析方法相互验证,均证实银矿物对方铅矿的浮选有促进作用,且银含量与促进程度呈正相关。最后,针对含银方铅矿今后研究方向和银铅锌矿资源开发,提出科学、合理的建议,如：在现场生产中应尽量避免使用石灰调浆,如必须使用时,应控制好石灰用量,从而减少伴生银的损失。     

Measuring students' connectedness to school, teachers, and family: Validation of three scales.

Connectedness to school, teachers, and family are all significant protective factors in adolescents' lives, yet the measurement of each varies considerably. This article describes the measurement properties of three composite scales of adolescent connectedness, adapted from the Add Health study and the California Healthy Kids Survey. These composite scales are created by either summing or taking the mean of all individual items, measured on an ordinal scale. This approach fails to account for the ordinal, non-normal nature of the data. Using a covariance approach, this article describes the measurement properties of the latent constructs of connectedness to school, teachers, and family and the contribution of each of the items used to compile the relevant composite score. The outcomes of this study will provide researchers and practitioners with information about the validity, reliability, and overall usefulness of each of the measures of adolescents' perception of their connectedness to school, teachers, and family. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定合金结构钢中铬、锰

利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定合金结构钢中铬、锰,此方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、精密性好,方法简便,并充分反应了现代仪器的高科技分析手段。合金结构钢使用较为广泛,因此利用原于吸收光谱法测定铬、锰,能迅速有效的达到检测目地的需要。本方法改变了以往化学法操作时间长、步骤多、消耗试剂多的弊病,解决了高氯酸氧化铬对人体的危害及对环境的严重污染。通过对各项做条件试验,优选了最佳仪器测试条件。对干扰元素铁、镍抑制铬的吸收,采用硫酸钠做干扰消除剂,彻底消除了干扰,测定数据稳定可靠。经过对标准样品的测定,重复性好,误差小,回收率达到99～102%,效果令人满意。     

Leaching Behavior of Lead, Chromium (III), and Zinc in Cement/Metal Oxides Systems

This paper reports the study of the leaching behavior of cement/metal oxides mixtures containing lead, chromium (III) and zinc oxides. A fractional factorial design of experiments (24?1) was carried out considering four factors, the concentration of ZnO, Cr2O3, PbO, and Fe2O3 in the formulations. Iron oxide was also included in the experimental design as it is usually the main constituent of industrial wastes from thermal processes, where lead, chromium and zinc oxides are also found. After 56 days of curing, samples were subjected to the Acid Neutralization Capacity Test and the concentrations of Cr, Zn, and Pb were determined in the leachate at different pH after filtering. The output variables for the analysis of the experimental data were the concentration of metals at initial pH (in water), at pH 9, 7, and 4, and the acid neutralization capacity of the samples at pH 9. The analysis of the results indicates that the immobilization of Zn and Pb in Portland cement is poor; these metals behave as their amphoteric hydroxides. However, the leaching of Cr (III) is in the range found in the control sample, indicating that the stabilization of Cr (III) is successful.     

Reservoir Bank Deformation Modeling: Application to Grangent Reservoir

Within inshore or fluvial environments, submerged fine matter mud banks are characterized by a high water content, a great spatial variability, and a strong deformability. The study of their instabilities induced by the variation of hydraulic stress requires a coupled modeling of sliding, erosion, and deposition mechanisms. In order to predict the impact of dam reservoir emptying on the stability of immersed upstream slopes, the method of approach to the problem proposed here combines theoretical developments, numerical modeling, site observations, and measurements. First, the theoretically achieved sliding criterion is compared with unstable mud height measurements. For more accuracy in the representation of the natural events, the sliding criterion is then integrated within a numerical code which couples the computation of hydrodynamic conditions, the erosion, and deposition of mud and the banks sliding. Finally, the results of the combination of all these mechanisms are compared with the variations in the bathymetric profiles obtained on the experimental site.     

Al2O3对酒钢低铝渣黏度的影响及热力学分析

为进一步分析Al2O3含量对低铝渣黏度的影响,以酒钢高炉渣成分为基础,通过试验和FactSage热力学软件分别研究了不同Al2O3含量炉渣的黏度、液相线温度、活度和冷却结晶过程的物相变化。结果表明,在本试验的低铝渣范围内,随Al2O3含量增加,炉渣黏度增大,在1 450 ℃以上黏度低于0.45 Pa·s,炉渣流动性和稳定性良好。Al2O3活度随Al2O3含量的增加而增大,相反,SiO2活度降低也证明炉渣聚合度的增大。炉渣的冷却结晶过程则表明,在液相线温度以上时,炉渣黏度主要与炉渣结构的复杂程度有关;在液相线温度以下时,黏度受液相炉渣结构和固相颗粒含量的共同影响。     

MgO对烧结矿液相形成性能和微观结构特性的影响

为了探究MgO对烧结矿液相形成性能和微观结构特性的影响,采用Factsage 7.1热力学软件模拟分析了MgO对烧结矿液相形成性能的影响,并且开展了不同MgO含量的烧结杯试验研究。研究表明,随着MgO含量增加,烧结矿理论液相生成量减少,液相黏度降低,液相中w(Fe₂O₃)/w(CaO)增加,使得混合料中CaO的活度提高,铁酸钙相形成的热力学条件改善;当MgO质量分数由1.60%提高至1.90%,一方面,烧结矿矿相组成中枝晶状铁酸钙相含量增加,针状及板柱状铁酸钙相发展受到抑制,铁酸钙黏结相总量降低,硅酸盐相含量增加,导致液相黏结包裹矿粉颗粒能力变差,固结强度性能受到不利影响;另一方面,由于MgO是高熔点物质,矿化反应过程中,MgO易固溶进入磁铁矿晶格,并在高温固相反应中形成难熔物相,使得烧结矿磁铁矿相含量增加,赤铁矿相含量减少,从而降低烧结矿低温还原反应过程中产生的晶格结构畸变应力,改善低温还原粉化性能。     

Impressions of psychotherapists' offices.

For counseling settings, research suggests that softness, personalization, and order might affect the experience and the perceived expertness, trustworthiness, and social attractiveness of the therapist. This article discusses exploratory studies on college students' perception of the counseling office environment and whether the likely client experience was associated with the softness/personalization and order of the office. As stimuli, the studies used 30 color photographs of psychotherapists' offices viewed from the client's perspective. After obtaining ratings of the characteristics of each office, we obtained ratings from different groups of students of the quality of care and comfort expected in each office (Study 1) and how qualified, bold, and friendly the therapist in the office would be (Study 2). Additional studies examined the likelihood of choosing a therapist based on the office, and the first thought or feeling that came to mind about the office, the therapist, and the patient experience. There were strong correlations in response between groups (by whether they had experienced therapy; their level in school; their gender; and their major, location, and school size). The quality of care, comfort, therapist boldness, qualifications of the therapist, and the likelihood that one would choose a therapist based on the office improved with increases in the office's softness/personalization and order. Friendliness improved with increases in softness/personalization. The office choices, open-ended responses, and reported reasons for the ratings confirmed the importance of softness (comfort) and order. Research should test longer term exposure and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Recent books.

Reviews the books The art of being, by Erich Fromm (1992); Basic writings, by Martin Heidegger (1993); History of the concept of time: Prolegomena, by Martin Heidegger (1992); Complexity: Life at the edge of chaos, by Roger Lewin (1992); The future of an illusion: Film, feminism, and psychoanalysis, by Constance Penley (1989); Human inquiry: A sourcebook of new paradigm research, by Peter Reason and John Rowan (1990); Reading Heidegger: Commemorations, edited by John Sallis (1993); and Truth and existence, by Jean-Paul Sartre (1992). Brief synopses of each book are presented, rather than full reviews. In The art of being, Fromm presents his synthesis of spiritual teachings from Zen to existentialism, as well as a synopsis of his earlier critiques of consumer capitalism. Basic writings is a collection of essays, lectures, and sections from Heidegger's major works. Of special interest to psychologists interested in Heidegger's methodology is the re-translation of the introduction to Being and Time. In History of the concept of time: Prolegomena, Heidegger elaborates the methodological and foundational connection of his work to Brentano, Dilthey, and Husserl, thus providing for the first time an authoritative understanding of the relationship of his uniquely hermeneutic phenomenology to the ideas of his predecessors. In Complexity: Life a the edge of chaos, Roger Lewin discusses the search for the set of rules that underly complexity theory and the "grand unification" of the life sciences. The future of an illusion: Film, feminism, and psychoanalysis, by Constance Penley, is a collection of essays on the sexual politics of representation. In Human inquiry: A sourcebook of new paradigm research, Reason and Rowan cover the philosophy, methodology, practice, and prospects of what the editors call "new paradigm research": alternative approaches to human science research that are both collaborative and experiential. Reading Heidegger: Commemorations is a richly provocative book of essays by an impressive list of 23 Heidegger scholars around the world. This text celebrates, reconsiders, and sometimes pokes fun at one of the most controversial and most important thinkers of our century. Finally, written in response to Heidegger's The essence of truth, Jean-Paul Sartre's Truth and existence provides a bridge between Sartre's Being and nothingness and his Critique of dialectical reason. It is a philosophical as well as psychological study of epistemology, based on his phenomenological ontology, that becomes a work on morality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

保护渣对430不锈钢铸坯边部凹陷缺陷的影响

针对太钢430不锈钢铸坯边部凹陷严重的问题,采用Gleeble 3800、高温原位分析仪、黏度分析仪等技术手段,系统研究430铸坯边部凹陷缺陷的产生机理和保护渣性能对边部凹陷的影响规律。研究结果表明,430铸坯边部凹陷缺陷的主要原因与保护渣的控制传热有关。保护渣碱度过小,结晶能力弱,坯壳在结晶器内冷却强度大,凝固收缩带来较大的角部扭动力而产生边部凹陷,此时铸坯边部凹陷主要发生在结晶器内;保护渣碱度过大,结晶能力强,铸坯冷却强度不够,出结晶器的坯壳厚度薄,在钢水静压力的作用下铸坯宽度产生延展效应,导致后续产生较大的凝固收缩而形成边部凹陷,此时铸坯边部凹陷主要发生在二冷阶段。保护渣碱度控制为1.00,保护渣的结晶能力适宜,既避免了结晶器内强冷带来的铸坯凹陷,又保证了出结晶器坯壳足够的厚度和强度,最终使铸坯边部凹陷深度由1.26 mm降低至0.30 mm,显著改变了铸坯表面质量。