介质上电润湿现象的研究

介绍了介质上电润湿的基本原理,分析了介质层材料的介电常数对接触角变化的影响,并提出了优化介质薄膜厚度的方法,为介质上电润湿的进一步应用提供了理论基础.     

关于F(s)和F(z)对应性的研究

在计算机测控系统上应用控制理论,首先要建立被控对象的时间离散的数学模型.把s传递函数近似转换成z传递函数的方法很多,用"L变换和Z变换表"得到的z传递函数对于脉冲输入的响应性能相当满意,然而对于阶跃输入的响应虽然形状相似而幅度相差太大以至于不能用.反之,用MATLAB的control-tools得到的z传递函数对于阶跃输入的响应性能相当满意,然而对于脉冲输入的响应虽然形状相似而幅度相差太大以至于不能用.这是每个应用计算机控制理论的工程师必须知道的知识.     

Effect of surface contamination on the UHV tribological behavior of the Cu(111)/Cu(111) interface

Friction and adhesion measurements have been made using two Cu(1 11) samples modified by the presence of atomic adsorbates. Copper surfaces with 10–15 Å thick contaminant films resulting from exposure to the atmosphere exhibited a static friction coefficient of _s = 0.75 ± 0.18. A sharp increase in the friction coefficient was observed when the contaminant layer was reduced to submonolayer thickness by sputtering and for the cleanest Cu(111) surfaces studied the static friction coefficient was _s = 4.4 ± 1.3. To further investigate the tribological effect of submonolayer coverages of surface contamination adhesion experiments were performed using surfaces modified with sulfur adsorbed at coverages in the range _s = 0.0–0.39 ML (saturation). The adhesion coefficient of the clean surfaces (_ad = 0.69 ± 0.20) was markedly reduced by the presence of 0.05 ML of sulfur and decreased monotonically with increasing sulfur coverage to a limiting value of _ad = 0.26 ± 0.07 at _s = 0.39.     

三元塑料合金PBT／PC／TPE及其在机械工业中的应用

由聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚碳酸酯(PC)和热塑性弹性体(TPE)组成的三元塑料合金是PBT基塑料合金的新一代。本文概述了用国产PBT和PC及进口的TPE所组成的三元塑料合金的注射成型工艺过程,机械力学性能,热性能以及摩擦学特性等,同时还介绍了用此塑料合金制成的齿轮在广东机床厂车床上的实机考核情况。     

A comparative analysis of the sensitivity of CsI (Tl), ZnO(Ga), and YAG(Ce) scintillators to the plasma background radiation under operating conditions of the ITER tokamak reactor

Problems related to neutral particle flux measurements on the ITER tokamak reactor under intense plasma background radiation conditions are considered. The results of measuring a background sensitivity with respect to neutron and γ-radiation for the scintillation detector, which is based on three different crystals (CsI (Tl), ZnO(Ga), and YAG(Ce)), are presented. The scintillators are compared and conclusions about the possibility of their applications in detectors of neutral particle analyzers currently created at the Ioffe Institute for the ITER tokamak reactor, are drawn.     

The Influence of Molecular Architecture on the Macroscopic Lubrication Properties of the Brush-Like Co-polyelectrolyte Poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) Adsorbed on Oxide Surfaces

The co-polymer poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) has been investigated as a potential biomimetic boundary-lubrication additive for aqueous lubrication systems. In this work, the influence of the co-polymer's architecture on its tribological performance has been investigated. The architectural parameters investigated comprise side-chain (PEG) length, Lys/PEG grafting ratio and backbone chain (PLL) length. The tribological approaches applied in this work include ultra-thin-film interferometry, the mini-traction machine (MTM), and pin-on-disk tribometry. Both an increase in the molecular weight of the PEG side chains and a reduction in the grafting ratio result in an improvement in the lubricating properties of aqueous PLL-g-PEG solution at low speeds. MTM measurements show that an increase in the molecular weight of the PLL backbone results in an increase of the coefficient of friction.     

(X)-R(均值极差)控制图在过程控制中的应用

控制图是对过程质量特性值进行测定、记录、评估,从而监察过程是否处于控制状态的一种用统计方法设计的图,起到及时告警的作用。     

基于电容模型的脉冲电解、电化学光整、蚀刻加工机理分析

用一个动态变化的电容模型来描述电化学加工过程,从一个全新的角度———电容,来解释电化学加工的机理。利用电极体系的等效阻抗的变化来解释脉冲电解中线性电解液非线性化的现象;通过界面双电层电容值的变化来解释脉冲电化学光整加工提高精度的根本原因;在脉冲电化学蚀刻中由于保护膜产生的类似电解电容效应,使该处的电容值显著变化,从而解决了在纯化学蚀刻中出现的侧向腐蚀问题。     

Morphology of the eyeball from the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Aquatic mammals underwent morphological and physiological adaptations due to the transition from terrestrial to aquatic environment. One of the morphological changes regards their vision since cetaceans' eyes are able to withstand mechanical, chemical, osmotic, and optical water conditions. Due to insufficient information about these animals, especially regarding their sense organs, this study aimed to describe the morphology of the Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) eyeball. Three newborn females, stranded dead on the coast of Sergipe and Bahia, Brazil, were used. Samples were fixed in a 10% formalin solution, dissected, photographed, collected, and evaluated through light and electron microscopy techniques. The Humpback whale sclera was thick and had an irregular surface with mechanoreceptors in its lamina propria. Lens was dense, transparent, and ellipsoidal, consisting of three layers, and the vascularized choroid contains melanocytes, mechanoreceptors, and a fibrous tapetum lucidum. The Humpback whale eyeball is similar to other cetaceans and suggests an adaptation to diving and migration, contributing to the perception of differences in temperature, pressure, and lighting. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:348–355, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Metal-induced reconstructions of the silicon(111) surface

We have used scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to study changes in the structure of the Si(111) surface induced by deposition of the group III metals In and Ga. For both metals, several different ordered reconstructions are seen as a function of coverage. The STM images provide new structural information on each of these reconstructions. With In metal deposition, we have seen the surface reconstructions √3×, √3, √31× √31, √7×√3 and 4×1 as the coverage increases. In the case of Ga on Si(111), we have studied structures that exist up to 0·7 ML. At 1/3 ML, there is a √3×√3 structure identical to that of In. Above 0·3 ML there is a different phase that may correspond to the (6·3times6·3) RHEED pattern reported in this coverage range. This surface tends to grow as triangular islands at higher coverages.     

Muscle-ligament interactions at the human knee (I)

A three-dimensional dynamic model of the knee was developed to study the interactions between the articulating surfaces of the bones and the geometrical and mechanical properties of the ligaments. The contact-surface geometry of the distal femur, proximal tibia, and patella was modeled by fitting polynomials to each of the eight articular surfaces. Twelve elastic elements were used to describe the function of the ligamentous and capsular structures of the knee. The origin and insertion sites of each model ligament were obtained from cadaveric data reported for an average-size knee. The response of the model to both anterior-posterior drawer and axial rotation suggests that the geometrical and mechanical properties of the model ligaments approximate the behavior of real ligaments in the intact knee. Comparison of the model’s response with experimental data obtained from cadaveric knee extension indicate further that the three-dimensional model reproduces the response of the real knee during movement.     

Foreword: the Cosslett festschrift (Ellis Cosslett).

A method for the detection and characterization of clusters of particles observed in section with the electron microscope is presented. Cluster analysis is performed by the division method described by Berthet et al. (1976). Starting from a single cluster, profiles from each electron micrograph are successively classified in sets containing an increasing number of clusters. The decrease in the mean free distance, Λ, between profiles in the clusters, is used for terminating the subdivision procedure. The function relating the mean free distance with the number of clusters is evaluated in each subdivision set. The actual number of clusters is selected on the basis of the slope of that function, at a point where Λ has a value close to the average profile diameter. The method assumes a convex shape for the clusters; the salient feature is that it provides a physical delineation of clusters in the section. Hence, an evaluation of some characteristics of clusters in the three-dimensional sample may be obtained by using standard stereological procedures. Characterization of the volume to which the individual particles of a population are eventually restricted can as a result be performed. Practical problems in the acquisition of the data needed for cluster analysis are discussed and a system using for that purpose a Quantimet 720 image analyser in a basic configuration, connected on line with a PDP 11/10 minicomputer, is presented. Application of the method is illustrated by the analysis of lysosomes in cultured hepatoma (HTC) cells, at the end of mitosis and during the S phase. Cluster analysis shows that in mitotic cells, lysosomes are confined within 3·7% of the total cellular volume, while in cells actively synthesizing DNA they are grouped in clusters representing 5·7% of the cellular volume. Moreover, the average number of particles per cluster falls from a minimum of thirteen at mitosis to only six at the S phase.     

Muscle-ligament interactions at the human knee (II)

In part I of this paper, a three-dimensional model of the human knee joint was incorporated into a detailed human musculoskeletal lower extremity model. The model was used to determine the muscle, ligament, and articular contact forces transmitted at the knee as humans extend/flex in an isometric state. Part II investigates the sensitivity of the model calculations to changes in the parameters which describe the mechanical behavior of cartilage and the ligaments of the knee. The ligament function in the real knee was most sensitive to changes in ligament reference lengths or strains, less sensitive to changes in cartilage stiffness, and least sensitive to changes in ligament stiffness.     

设备诊断技术是维修工程甚有活力的高新科技

从我国设备诊断技术（MDT）的理论研究与工程应用，MDT与相关学科的关系，以及未来发展方面，论述设备诊断技术是维修工程中甚有活力的高新科技，以此期望得到各界的支持与重视。